Mechanisms implied in Escherichia coli removal during wastewater treatment

Poster presentado 12th Symposium on Aquatic Microbial Ecology (SAME12) August 28 – September 02, 2011 Germany , Rostock–Warnemünde

Spatial-temporal excess mortality patterns of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in Spain

Background: The impact of socio-demographic factors and baseline health on the mortality burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza remains debated. Here we analyzed the spatial-temporal mortality patterns of the 1918 influenza pandemic in Spain, one of the countries of Europe that experienced the highest mortality burden. Methods: We analyzed monthly death rates from respiratory diseases and all-causes across 49 provinces of Spain, including the Canary and Balearic Islands, during the period January-1915 to June-1919. We estimated the influenza-related excess death rates and risk of death relative to baseline mortality by pandemic wave and province. We then explored the association between pandemic excess mortality rates and health and socio-demographic factors, which included population size and age structure, population density, infant mortality rates, baseline death rates, and urbanization. Results: Our analysis revealed high geographic heterogeneity in pandemic mortality impact. We identified 3 pandemic waves of varying timing and intensity covering the period from Jan-1918 to Jun-1919, with the highest pandemic-related excess mortality rates occurring during the months of October-November 1918 across all Spanish provinces. Cumulative excess mortality rates followed a south-north gradient after controlling for demographic factors, with the North experiencing highest excess mortality rates. A model that included latitude, population density, and the proportion of children living in provinces explained about 40% of the geographic variability in cumulative excess death rates during 1918-19, but different factors explained mortality variation in each wave. Conclusions: A substantial fraction of the variability in excess mortality rates across Spanish provinces remained unexplained, which suggests that other unidentified factors such as comorbidities, climate and background immunity may have affected the 1918-19 pandemic mortality rates. Further archeo-epidemiological research should concentrate on identifying settings with combined availability of local historical mortality records and information on the prevalence of underlying risk factors, or patient-level clinical data, to further clarify the drivers of 1918 pandemic influenza mortality.

Evolución de la población en los municipios de Vizcaya

En este estudio se analiza la evolución de la población a escala municipal y provincial para el territorio histórico de Vizcaya de 1900 a 2013 con el objetivo de establecer sus pautas. En un primer bloque se tratará el crecimiento demográfico en los municipios de la provincia, destacando las poblaciones con mayor variación de su población y explicando sus causas. Más tarde se analizará la distribución de la población sobre la superficie de Vizcaya, es decir, dónde tiende a concentrarse. Para tratar este apartado se valorarán factores como el tamaño comarcal o la densidad de población tanto a nivel provincial como comarcal. Finalmente, se hará un breve repaso a la situación de los diferentes sectores de actividad en el siglo XXI. El análisis de la población vizcaína desde 1900 ha permitido demostrar la relación existente entre los ciclos económicos y el cambio demográfico identificando tres etapas relevantes (1900-1950, 1950-1980 y 1980-2013). La población de Vizcaya durante el siglo XX se ha caracterizado por un patrón de crecimiento continuo hasta finales de siglo ayudado por la mejora de las comunicaciones, como la inauguración del Metro de Bilbao.

Increased physical activity is not enough to recover astrocytic population from dark-rearing. Synergy with multisensory enrichment is required

10 p.