13 resultados para Patriotic societies

em Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco


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This chapter studies multilingual democratic societies with highly developed economies. These societies are assumed to have two languages with official status: language A, spoken by every individual, and language B, spoken by the bilingual minority. We emphasize that language rights are important, but the survival of the minority language B depends mainly on the actual use bilinguals make of B. The purpose of the present chapter is to study some of the factors affecting the bilingual speakers language choice behaviour. Our view is that languages with their speech communities compete for speakers just as fi rms compete for market share. Thus, the con ict among the minority languages in these societies does not take the rough expressions such as those studied in Desmet et al. (2012). Here the con flict is more subtle. We model highly plausible language choice situations by means of choice procedures and non-cooperative games, each with different types of information. We then study the determinants of the bilinguals ' strategic behaviour with regard to language. We observe that the bilinguals' use of B is shaped, essentially, by linguistic conventions and social norms that are developed in situations of language contact.

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Prepared for the Handbook of the Economics of Cultural Heritage. Forthcoming in Edgard Elgar Publisher. Anna Mignosa and Ilde Rizzo (editors)

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[ES] La crisis del Estado de Bienestar y las Sociedades del Conocimiento generan una crisis en el actual sistema universitario. Este se queda sin respuestas claras y ante un panorama de fines y objetivos difuso y confuso. Frente a estas situaciones, la gestión y la organización devienen en factores estratágicos clave, y esto es así por el potencial competitivo de ambas en el ámbito universitario en particular.

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[ES] Las sociedades cooperativas han visto recientemente reforzada su normativa contable con la aprobación de la ORDEN ECO/3614/2003 que tiene por objeto la adaptación de las Normas de valoración y elaboración de cuentas anuales aprobada en el Plan General de Contabilidad a las características de estas entidades.

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[ES] Son muy diversos los sectores en los que ejercen su actividad las sociedades cooperativas. La sociedad cooperativa de viviendas es una clase específica de dentro de las de consumidores, regulada como una «clase» diferenciada en las leyes, que presenta particularidades que es preciso conocer. Constituyen entidades con un lugar propio dentro del sector inmobiliario con una nada despreciable contribución a la promoción de vivienda. En el País Vasco son en cuantía las más importantes después de las de trabajo asociado. La sociedad cooperativa de viviendas se caracteriza como empresa de participación dentro del sector inmobiliario, en la medida que son los propios usuarios de las viviendas los responsables de la toma de decisiones en la promoción inmobiliaria.

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Berta Raposo Fernández e Ingrid García Wistädt (editoras)

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[ES] A la vista del sorprendente éxito de Gladiator (Ridley Scott, 2000) y del aparente revival del cine “de romanos” en el siglo XXI, puede tener su interés una reflexión sobre este fenómeno cultural y social. Ese es el objetivo de este texto, que analiza las diferentes películas rodadas en la última década y los debates surgidos en torno a la relación entre historia y ficción. En el texto se tratan igualmente los cambios sociológicos y culturales sufridos por las sociedades occidentales, muy diferentes de las de la edad dorada del peplum en el siglo XX, por ejemplo en torno al papel de la mujer o la opinión sobre la guerra, y que afectan a los esquemas tradicionales de este peculiar género cinematrográfico.

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[EN] Body and space play a determinant role in the formation of societies, according to the social analyst Richard Sennet. His thesis that the configuration of spaces in history, such as that of the cities, is closely linked to the perception of the own body offers a relevant theorethical approach for the analysis of Nox (1995) by Thomas Hettche and Die Schattenboxerin (1999) by Inka Parei. In both novels bodies are perceived conscientiously by the self as a wounded and exhausted “I”, but also as a rebellious and fighting “self”. Both novels offer a concept of the body as an inadequate and wounded space, which is actually a key procedure to successfully face the similarly unstable geographical, social and political context of Germany after the Fall of the Berlin Wall.

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We present the results of the microstratigraphic, phytolith and wood charcoal study of the remains of a 10.5 ka roof. The roof is part of a building excavated at Tell Qarassa (South Syria), assigned to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period (PPNB). The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) period in the Levant coincides with the emergence of farming. This fundamental change in subsistence strategy implied the shift from mobile to settled aggregated life, and from tents and huts to hard buildings. As settled life spread across the Levant, a generalised transition from round to square buildings occurred, that is a trademark of the PPNB period. The study of these buildings is fundamental for the understanding of the ever-stronger reciprocal socio-ecological relationship humans developed with the local environment since the introduction of sedentism and domestication. Descriptions of buildings in PPN archaeological contexts are usually restricted to the macroscopic observation of wooden elements (posts and beams) and mineral components (daub, plaster and stone elements). Reconstructions of microscopic and organic components are frequently based on ethnographic analogy. The direct study of macroscopic and microscopic, organic and mineral, building components performed at Tell Qarassa provides new insights on building conception, maintenance, use and destruction. These elements reflect new emerging paradigms in the relationship between Neolithic societies and the environment. A square building was possibly covered here with a radial roof, providing a glance into a topologic shift in the conception and understanding of volumes, from round-based to square-based geometries. Macroscopic and microscopic roof components indicate buildings were conceived for year-round residence rather than seasonal mobility. This implied performing maintenance and restoration of partially damaged buildings, as well as their adaptation to seasonal variability

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Mª José García Soler ( editora).Anejos de VELEIA. Serie Minor nº 17

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[ES]En las sociedades modernas existe una creciente preocupación por el aumento de la incidencia de la enfermedad renal crónica. Debido a la deficiencia de donantes de órganos y al elevado coste del tratamiento de diálisis, existe la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos tratamientos para estos pacientes. La medicina regenerativa basada en la aplicación de células iPS es una opción prometedora para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, la falta de conocimientos sobre el estado pluripotencial de las células y sobre su proceso de diferenciación, así como las limitaciones derivadas del propio procedimiento de reprogramación, impiden su aplicación clínica en un futuro inmediato. Para que se convierta en realidad, numerosas investigaciones se están llevando a cabo con el objetivo de mejorar el procedimiento y hacerlo adecuado para su aplicación clínica. En este trabajo se propone un método que permitiría obtener células iPS a partir de células mesangiales mediante la transfección con un vector no integrativo, el virus Sendai, portador de los genes Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 y c-Myc. Al tratarse de un vector no integrativo, se minimizaría el efecto del proceso de reprogramación sobre la estabilidad del genoma celular. Además, en este proyecto se estudiará la capacidad de las células iPS obtenidas para diferenciarse en células progenitoras de podocitos que puedan ser aplicadas específicamente en terapias regenerativas para enfermos renales crónicos.

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We study the language choice behavior of bilingual speakers in modern societies, such as the Basque Country, Ireland andWales. These countries have two o cial languages:A, spoken by all, and B, spoken by a minority. We think of the bilinguals in those societies as a population playing repeatedly a Bayesian game in which, they must choose strategically the language, A or B, that might be used in the interaction. The choice has to be made under imperfect information about the linguistic type of the interlocutors. We take the Nash equilibrium of the language use game as a model for real life language choice behavior. It is shown that the predictions made with this model t very well the data about the actual use, contained in the censuses, of Basque, Irish and Welsh languages. Then the question posed by Fishman (2001),which appears in the title, is answered as follows: it is hard, mainly, because bilingual speakers have reached an equilibrium which is evolutionary stable. This means that to solve fast and in a re ex manner their frequent language coordination problem, bilinguals have developed linguistic conventions based chie y on the strategy 'Use the same language as your interlocutor', which weakens the actual use of B.1