[B_Erandio_Martiartu] Documentación del conjunto formado por la Torre de Martiartu y la ermita de San Antonio (Erandio, Bizkaia)

[ES] El conjunto está formado por la torre de Martiartu (de unas 16 x 16 metros de planta), la pequeña ermita de la San Antonio y el área circundante.

Temperature-and pH-Sensitive Nanohydrogels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Food Packaging Applications: Modelling the Swelling-Collapse Behaviour

Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) nanohydrogels were synthesized by nanoemulsion polymerization in water-in-oil systems. Several cross-linking degrees and the incorporation of acrylic acid as comonomer at different concentrations were tested to produce nanohydrogels with a wide range of properties. The physicochemical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels, and their relationship with the swelling-collapse behaviour, were studied to evaluate the suitability of PNIPA nanoparticles as smart delivery systems (for active packaging). The swelling-collapse transition was analyzed by the change in the optical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the nanohydrogels collapse were calculated using a mathematical approach based on the van't Hoff analysis, assuming a two-state equilibrium (swollen to collapsed). A mathematical model is proposed to predict both the thermally induced collapse, and the collapse induced by the simultaneous action of two factors (temperature and pH, or temperature and organic solvent concentration). Finally, van't Hoff analysis was compared with differential scanning calorimetry. The results obtained allow us to solve the problem of determining the molecular weight of the structural repeating unit in cross-linked NIPA polymers, which, as we show, can be estimated from the ratio of the molar heat capacity (obtained from the van't Hoff analysis) to the specific heat capacity (obtained from calorimetric measurements).

Máster universitario en nutrición y salud. Alimentación y nutrición en las personas mayores

Índice: - Presentación. - 1. Envejecimiento. Concepto de edad cronológica y biológica. Envejecimiento fisiológico y patológico. Gerontología y geriatría. Cambios demográficos. Esperanza de vida (Mª Luisa Martín Miranda). - 2. Interacción nutrición-envejecimiento. Cambios fisiológicos, funcionales y patológicos que afectan al estado nutricional. Condicionantes físicos, psíquicos y socioeconómicos del estado nutricional. La alimentación como condicionante de salud y calidad de vida (Ángeles Carbajal Azcona). - 3. Necesidades de energía y nutrientes. Ingestas recomendadas. Suplementos nutricionales. Hidratación e ingesta líquida (Ángeles Carbajal Azcona). - 4. Dieta equilibrada. Guías alimentarias y pautas dietéticas. Diseño y programación de dietas en personas mayores. Ejemplos de menús (Carmen Cuadrado Vives). - 5. Funcionalidad física, psíquica y social. Importancia de la actividad física. Repercusión en el estado nutricional y en la calidad de vida. Influencia de la nutrición en el deterioro cognitivo (Mª Luisa Martín Miranda y Beatriz Beltrán de Miguel). - 6. Valoración del estado nutricional. Problemática en personas de edad (Beatriz Beltrán de Miguel). - 7. Grupos de riesgo. Malnutrición, sobrepeso y obesidad, estreñimiento, diabetes, ECV, osteoporosis y otras enfermedades crónicas. El anciano institucionalizado. Interacción nutriente-fármaco (Ángeles Carbajal Azcona y Carmen Cuadrado Vives). - 8. Ayudas, iniciativas, educación nutricional, actividades sociales y otras herramientas para la mejora de la nutrición y del estado nutricional (Beatriz Beltrán de Miguel). - 9. Estudios de referencia en personas de edad. Estudio SENECA (Carmen Cuadrado Vives). - Prácticas.

Temperature-and pH-Sensitive Nanohydrogels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Food Packaging Applications: Modelling the Swelling-Collapse Behaviour

Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) nanohydrogels were synthesized by nanoemulsion polymerization in water-in-oil systems. Several cross-linking degrees and the incorporation of acrylic acid as comonomer at different concentrations were tested to produce nanohydrogels with a wide range of properties. The physicochemical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels, and their relationship with the swelling-collapse behaviour, were studied to evaluate the suitability of PNIPA nanoparticles as smart delivery systems (for active packaging). The swelling-collapse transition was analyzed by the change in the optical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the nanohydrogels collapse were calculated using a mathematical approach based on the van't Hoff analysis, assuming a two-state equilibrium (swollen to collapsed). A mathematical model is proposed to predict both the thermally induced collapse, and the collapse induced by the simultaneous action of two factors (temperature and pH, or temperature and organic solvent concentration). Finally, van't Hoff analysis was compared with differential scanning calorimetry. The results obtained allow us to solve the problem of determining the molecular weight of the structural repeating unit in cross-linked NIPA polymers, which, as we show, can be estimated from the ratio of the molar heat capacity (obtained from the van't Hoff analysis) to the specific heat capacity (obtained from calorimetric measurements).