Birth Weight, Working Memory and Epigenetic Signatures in IGF2 and Related Genes: A MZ Twin Study

Neurodevelopmental disruptions caused by obstetric complications play a role in the etiology of several phenotypes associated with neuropsychiatric diseases and cognitive dysfunctions. Importantly, it has been noticed that epigenetic processes occurring early in life may mediate these associations. Here, DNA methylation signatures at IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) and IGF2BP1-3 (IGF2-binding proteins 1-3) were examined in a sample consisting of 34 adult monozygotic (MZ) twins informative for obstetric complications and cognitive performance. Multivariate linear regression analysis of twin data was implemented to test for associations between methylation levels and both birth weight (BW) and adult working memory (WM) performance. Familial and unique environmental factors underlying these potential relationships were evaluated. A link was detected between DNA methylation levels of two CpG sites in the IGF2BP1 gene and both BW and adult WM performance. The BW-IGF2BP1 methylation association seemed due to non-shared environmental factors influencing BW, whereas the WM-IGF2BP1 methylation relationship seemed mediated by both genes and environment. Our data is in agreement with previous evidence indicating that DNA methylation status may be related to prenatal stress and later neurocognitive phenotypes. While former reports independently detected associations between DNA methylation and either BW or WM, current results suggest that these relationships are not confounded by each other.

La igualdad de género en el seguro de enfermedad

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relevancia del uso del sexo a la hora de tarificar y calcular prestaciones en el seguro de salud en base a la promulgación de la Directiva 2004/113/CE, que prohíbe su utilización al considerarlo discriminatorio. Se analiza el valor de la variable sexo como indicador del perfil de riesgo de los consumidores en el seguro de enfermedad, haciendo hincapié en el ámbito del gasto obstétrico, en las primas de las mujeres en edad de embarazo y en el empleo de factores alternativos razonables que determinen el riesgo. Se estudian a su vez los efectos y consecuencias de la Directiva 2004/113/CE y la sentencia Test-Achats en el ámbito asegurador, así como el impacto producido concretamente en la tarificación y suscripción de los seguros de salud en España, analizando la evolución del sector durante el periodo de implantación de dichos documentos.