Hizkuntza idatziaren i(ra)kaskuntza Urtxintxa metodoari jarraituz

Lan hau, Ikastolen Elkarteak sortutako Urtxintxa metodoaren 5 urteko irakaslearen gidaliburuen idazten eta irakurtzen irakasteko atalaren analisian oinarritzen da. Proiektu hau ikuspegi konstruktibista batetik eratu da, beraz, honetan idazten eta irakurtzen irakasteko erabiltzen den materialek teoria konstruktibistari jarraitzen diote. Material hau aztertu da Haur Hezkuntzako 5 urteko gelan idazketa eta irakurketa lantzeko zein neurritan erabilgarria den ezagutzeko helburuarekin. Ikerketaren ondorioek agerian utzi dute Urtxintxa modu eraikitzailean eta globalizatuan hizkuntza idatzia lantzeko gida erabilgarria dela. Idazketa-irakurketaren inguruan proposatzen diren jarduerek hizkuntza idatziaren erabilera funtzionala sustatzen dute eta horrela, haurren ikasketa esanguratsua ziurtatzen dute.

Lengua y derecho a la educación en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco : reflexiones jurídicas sobre el tránsito hacia un nuevo modelo

The article analyzes the legal regime of Euskara in the education system of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (capv). In the capv, the legislation recognizes the right to choose the language of study during the educational cycle. The students are separated into different classrooms based on their language preference. This system of separation (of language models) has made it possible to make great strides, although its implementation also suggests aspects which, from the perspective of a pluralistic Basque society on its way towards greater social, political and language integration, call for further reflection The general model for language planning in the capv was fashioned in the eighties as a model characterized by the guarantee of spaces of language freedom, and the educational system was charged with making the learning of the region’s autochthonous language more widespread. At this point, we already have a fair degree of evidence on which to base an analysis of the system of language models and we are in a position to conclude that perhaps the educational system was given too heavy a burden. Official studies on language performance of Basque schoolchildren show (in a way that is now fully verified) that not all the students who finish their mandatory period of schooling achieve the level of knowledge of Euskara required by the regulations. When faced with this reality, it becomes necessary for us to articulate some alternative to the current configuration of the system of language models, one that will make it possible in the future to have a Basque society that is linguistically more integrated, thereby avoiding having the knowledge or lack of knowledge of one of the official languages become a language barrier between two communities. Many sides have urged a reconsideration of the system of language models. The Basque Parliament itself has requested the Department of Education to design a new system. This article analyzes the legal foundations on which the current system is built and explores the potential avenues for legal cooperation that would make it possible to move towards a new system aimed at guaranteeing higher rates of bilingualism. The system would be sufficiently flexible so as to be able to respond to and accommodate the different sociolinguistic realities of the region.

The Loss of Functional Caspase-12 in Europe Is a Pre-Neolithic Event

6 p.

Ancient DNA from Hunter-Gatherer and Farmer Groups from Northern Spain Supports a Random Dispersion Model for the Neolithic Expansion into Europe

10 p.

Fine mapping and functional analysis of the multiple sclerosis risk gene CD6

CD6 has recently been identified and validated as risk gene for multiple sclerosis (MS), based on the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs17824933, located in intron 1. CD6 is a cell surface scavenger receptor involved in T-cell activation and proliferation, as well as in thymocyte differentiation. In this study, we performed a haptag SNP screen of the CD6 gene locus using a total of thirteen tagging SNPs, of which three were non-synonymous SNPs, and replicated the recently reported GWAS SNP rs650258 in a Spanish-Basque collection of 814 controls and 823 cases. Validation of the six most strongly associated SNPs was performed in an independent collection of 2265 MS patients and 2600 healthy controls. We identified association of haplotypes composed of two non-synonymous SNPs [rs11230563 (R225W) and rs2074225 (A257V)] in the 2nd SRCR domain with susceptibility to MS (Pmax(T) permutation=161024). The effect of these haplotypes on CD6 surface expression and cytokine secretion was also tested. The analysis showed significantly different CD6 expression patterns in the distinct cell subsets, i.e. – CD4+ naı¨ve cells, P = 0.0001; CD8+ naı¨ve cells, P,0.0001; CD4+ and CD8+ central memory cells, P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively; and natural killer T (NKT) cells, P = 0.02; with the protective haplotype (RA) showing higher expression of CD6. However, no significant changes were observed in natural killer (NK) cells, effector memory and terminally differentiated effector memory T cells. Our findings reveal that this new MS-associated CD6 risk haplotype significantly modifies expression of CD6 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Temperature-and pH-Sensitive Nanohydrogels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Food Packaging Applications: Modelling the Swelling-Collapse Behaviour

Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) nanohydrogels were synthesized by nanoemulsion polymerization in water-in-oil systems. Several cross-linking degrees and the incorporation of acrylic acid as comonomer at different concentrations were tested to produce nanohydrogels with a wide range of properties. The physicochemical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels, and their relationship with the swelling-collapse behaviour, were studied to evaluate the suitability of PNIPA nanoparticles as smart delivery systems (for active packaging). The swelling-collapse transition was analyzed by the change in the optical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the nanohydrogels collapse were calculated using a mathematical approach based on the van't Hoff analysis, assuming a two-state equilibrium (swollen to collapsed). A mathematical model is proposed to predict both the thermally induced collapse, and the collapse induced by the simultaneous action of two factors (temperature and pH, or temperature and organic solvent concentration). Finally, van't Hoff analysis was compared with differential scanning calorimetry. The results obtained allow us to solve the problem of determining the molecular weight of the structural repeating unit in cross-linked NIPA polymers, which, as we show, can be estimated from the ratio of the molar heat capacity (obtained from the van't Hoff analysis) to the specific heat capacity (obtained from calorimetric measurements).

Variación temporal del ADNmt en poblaciones de la cornisa cantábrica. Contribución del AND antiguo

333 p.

Impacto biológico y cultural del Neolítico en poblaciones del Norte de la Península Ibérica

340 p.

Uso de la Realidad Aumentada para facilitar la lectura e interpretación de planos

[ES] Este proyecto genera productos adicionales de trabajos también disponibles en el repositori, en concreto:

Producci??n cient??fica de la Praxiolog??a Motriz en el siglo XXI

se ha realizado una producci??n cient??fica de la Praxiolog??a Motriz en el siglo XXI, a partir de los art??culos, libros, tesis, congresos y seminarios de ocho autores referencia, tanto a nivel estatal como mundial dentro de este ??mbito. El objetivo de esta producci??n cient??fica es determinar si todo lo que se ha recopilado y clasificado sobre estos autores pertenece al ??mbito de la Praxiolog??a motriz. La b??squeda de art??culos se ha realizado principalmente, mediante la base de datos Dialnet, mientras que la herramienta para la clasificaci??n y el dise??o de las tablas y cuadros se ha realizado con el sistema inform??tico Microsoft Excel??. Durante este periodo se han publicado un total de 60 art??culos cient??ficos, con un promedio de 7.5 art??culos por autor, cuatro art??culos al a??o y a raz??n de 8.5 art??culos por apartado. Estos datos indican que la producci??n cient??fica es pobre ya que tan solo tres autores son los que centran la mayor??a de publicaciones y tres los apartados con la mayor??a de textos. Se ha enfatizado la necesidad de tener facilidad para una informaci??n mayor sobre art??culos, seminarios y congresos para tener mayor volumen de art??culos dado que 43 son los art??culos que se han quedado sin clasificar.

Hidrogenoaren ekoizpena hiri hondakin plastikoen pirolisi eta erreformatuaren bidez

Material plastikoen kontsumoak izugarri gora egin du azken mendean. Hori dela eta, material hauek erabiltzearen ondorioz sortutako hondakinak asko handitu dira. Europar Batasuneko herrialdeetan 250 milioi tona baino gehiago hiri - hondaki n solido ( RSU ) sortzen dira urtero, urteko %3ko hazkunt zarekin. K antitate honen %7a plastiko hondakinei dagokie, hots, 17.5 milioi tona. Itsasoko uretan ere aurki daitezke plastikoak, urtero sei milioi tona eta erdi botatzen baitira itsasora, mediterraneo itsasoa izanik munduko plastiko biltegirik handiena. Itsasoan 90 urteraino iraun dezake te eta urte hauetan zehar distantzia handiak egin ditzakete aldatu gabe. Horregatik esaten da plastikoak iraunkorrak direla. Egun, hondakin plastikoen portzentaia txiki bat bakarrik birziklatzen da eta bai biltegiratzea bai erreketa bidezko eliminazioak ingurumen arazoak dituzte . Gainera, plastiko gehienak degradaezi nak dira, urte luzez ingurugiro kalteak eraginez . Hori dela eta, material hauen balorizaziorako teknologia berrien sustapena beharrezkoa da, eskala handian eraginkorrak, ekonomikoki bideragarriak eta ingurugiroa errespetatuko dutenak. Hondakin plastikoetatik abiatuz hidrogenoa lortzeko prozesua interesgarria eta bideragarria da, hidrogenoaren kontsumoaren igoe ra kontuan hartuz. Gaur egun erregai fosilen prozesaketatik lortzen da hidrogenoa, CO 2 - a ren emisio handiak sortzen direlarik. Emisio hauen murrizketa beharrezkotzat hartu da. Hau guztiagatik, Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburu nagusia plastikoen balorizazio a ikertzea da, konkretuki hiri - hondakin solidoetan aurkitzen diren plast ikoena . Pirolisi eta ur baporearen bidezko erreformatua erabili dira hidrogenoa lortzeko, azken hau balio handiko produktua izanik. Horretarako lehenengo etapa iturri ohantze konikoan, 500 ºC - tan, buruturiko pirolisia izan da eta bigarrenik ohantze fluidizatu batean ur baporearen bidezko erreformatua burutu da , 700 ºC - tan . Helburu nagusi hau betetzeko bestelako helburu zehatzak ezarri dira, hiri - hondakin solidoetan aurkitzen diren HDPE, PP, PS eta PET plastiko nahaste baten bideragarritasuna aztertu delarik aurrez aipatutako bi etapen bidez:  Plastiko nahastearen pirolisian sorturiko konposatu hegazkorren erreformatua era jarraian burutzea.  Zero denboran e rreakzio indizeak (konbertsioa et a etekinak) eta lortutako gasaren konposizioa determinatze a .  Erreformatuan erabilitako katalizatzailearen desaktibatzeak erreakzioa ren konbertsio eta etekina n duen eragina aztertzea.

Material probiotiko baten mikrohuinen bidezko lehorketa

Industria mailan, jaki eta elikagaien prozesamenduaz arduratzen den sektorea garrantzi handia hartzen ari da azken aldian. Batez ere, probiotikoak dituzten elikagaiak dira garrantzia hartzen ari direnak, hauek, onura asko ematen baitizkie hartzen dituen os talariari. Horrela, industriak prozesamendu a azkar ra , merkea eta kalitatekoa izatea bilatzen du. Lan honetan, helburu hauek lort zeko, mikrouhinen teknologia proposatu da; prozesamendu denborak laburtzeko eta produktuaren kalitate ona bermatzeko asmoz. Mat eriala termosentsiblea denez, lehorketa tenperaturekiko izan ditzake en arazoak saihesteko, kapsulen barruan sartzea erabaki da; horrela, biltegiratze orduan eta prozesamendu orduan produktuaren kalitatea mantentzeko. Aurreko guztia kontsideratuta, Sacchar omyces cerevisiae legamiaren mikrouhinen bidezko lehorketa burutzera abiatu da. Prozesuaren zinetika, balorazio energetikoa, deshidratazioaren kalitatea eta mikroorganismoen bideragarritasuna izan dira aztertu diren faktoreak. Esperimentuak burutu ondoren lehorketa prozesurako estrategia optimoa aukeratu da, prozesu guztian operazio aldagaiak k ontrolatuz , produktuaren lehorketa maila eta masa galera azter tuz eta tenperaturen jarraipena eginez.

De pilotos lemanes a prácticos del Puerto de Bilbao

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer un poco más en profundidad el servicio de practicaje, la importancia de éste y, más concretamente, la actividad desarrollada por la actual Corporación de Prácticos del Puerto y Ría de Bilbao. Para esto, se hará un viaje por el tiempo y se analizará el practicaje desde sus comienzos, hacia el siglo XV [Saavedra, 1957, p.56] hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se tratará de explicar cuál es el papel del práctico y los demás trabajadores de la Corporación por medio del relato del transcurso del día a día de un práctico en su guardia.