Estudio técnico sobre la sistematización de herramientas informáticas en procesos de troquelería para automoción.

[ES]El presente estudio técnico tiene por objeto desarrollar y exponer la metodología empleada en el análisis CAD/CAE de piezas de chapa conformada en troquelería así como poner de manifiesto las ventajas de dicha técnica frente a las técnicas clásicas. Para ello, en él deben figurar una descripción general de dicha metodología, los objetivos de este estudio, los pasos para alcanzarlos y una distribución en forma de cronograma de las tareas que incluye el mismo. El estudio abarca dos partes claramente diferenciadas:  Descripción de un software CAD/CAE y sus múltiples beneficios en el diseño y desarrollo del producto  Desarrollo y exposición de un ejemplo sencillo Los contenidos del documento se estructuran de la siguiente forma: Inicialmente, se exponen los beneficios que reporta el uso de un programa CAE en empresas de conformado de chapa. A continuación, se describen las características generales de un software de elementos finitos. Finalmente se concluye con un caso ejemplo básico que ilustra las características expuestas anteriormente.

Taxonomía y distribución de las especies ibéricas del género Sabacon Simon 1879 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sabaconidae)

[ES] El género Sabacon (Arachnida: Opiliones) tiene distribución holártica, y en la Península Ibérica se restringe a Pirineos y Cordillera Cantábrica. Se menciona la presencia de S.viscayanus en la Sierra Cebollera, a partir del hallazgo de una hembra, lo que constituye el primer registro al sur del Ebro. En este trabajo se ha determinado la subespecie a la que pertenece esa población gracias a la captura de un macho, que corresponde a Sabacon viscayanus viscayanus. Con los ejemplares de las colecciones (ZUPV y CRBA) se han redescrito las especies ibéricas y se ha descrito por primera vez el macho de S. franzi. A su vez, se han construido mapas de distribución de todas las especies con datos citados y de las colecciones propias.

Life Expectancy, Schooling Time and Endogenous Growth

Published as an article in: Economic Inquiry, 2004, vol. 42, issue 4, pp. 602–617.

Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time during Childhood, Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study

Background: To know how moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time change across lifespan periods is needed for designing successful lifestyle interventions. We aimed to study changes in objectively measured (accelerometry) MVPA and sedentary time from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: Estonian and Swedish participants from the European Youth Heart Study aged 9 and 15 years at baseline (N = 2312) were asked to participate in a second examination 6 (Sweden) to 9/10 (Estonia) years later. 1800 participants with valid accelerometer data were analyzed. Results: MVPA decreased from childhood to adolescence (21 to 22.5 min/d per year of follow-up, P = 0.01 and ,0.001, for girls and boys respectively) and also from adolescence to young adulthood (20.8 to 22.2 min/d per year, P = 0.02 and ,0.001 for girls and boys, respectively). Sedentary time increased from childhood to adolescence (+15 and +20 min/d per year, for girls and boys respectively, P,0.001), with no substantial change from adolescence to young adulthood. Changes in both MVPA and sedentary time were greater in Swedish than in Estonian participants and in boys than in girls. The magnitude of the change observed in sedentary time was 3–6 time larger than the change observed in MVPA. Conclusions: The decline in MVPA (overall change = 30 min/d) and increase sedentary time (overall change = 2:45 h/d)observed from childhood to adolescence are of concern and might increase the risk of developing obesity and other chronic diseases later in life. These findings substantially contribute to understand how key health-related behaviors (physical activity and sedentary) change across important periods of life.

Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago

The Late Cretaceous was a time of tremendous global change, as the final stages of the Age of Dinosaurs were shaped by climate and sea level fluctuations and witness to marked paleogeographic and faunal changes, before the end-Cretaceous bolide impact. The terrestrial fossil record of Late Cretaceous Europe is becoming increasingly better understood, based largely on intensive fieldwork over the past two decades, promising new insights into latest Cretaceous faunal evolution. We review the terrestrial Late Cretaceous record from Europe and discuss its importance for understanding the paleogeography, ecology, evolution, and extinction of land-dwelling vertebrates. We review the major Late Cretaceous faunas from Austria, Hungary, France, Spain, Portugal, and Romania, as well as more fragmentary records from elsewhere in Europe. We discuss the paleogeographic background and history of assembly of these faunas, and argue that they are comprised of an endemic 'core' supplemented with various immigration waves. These faunas lived on an island archipelago, and we describe how this insular setting led to ecological peculiarities such as low diversity, a preponderance of primitive taxa, and marked changes in morphology (particularly body size dwarfing). We conclude by discussing the importance of the European record in understanding the end-Cretaceous extinction and show that there is no clear evidence that dinosaurs or other groups were undergoing long-term declines in Europe prior to the bolide impact.