Bacantes de Eurípides: Felicidad iniciática y furia salvaje en el cortejo femenino de Dioniso

404 p. E-mail de contacto del autor: jbreviatti@yahoo.es

La desigualdad económica en el mundo. Análisis histórico de las diferencias de riqueza a nivel internacional y dentro de las sociedades.

Han sido muchos y son, a día de hoy, los economistas que han considerado las diferencias de riqueza un tema lo suficientemente importante como para volcar sus esfuerzos en comprender tanto su dimensión como su evolución a lo largo de la historia. Podríamos mencionar las grandes aportaciones del economista Branko Milanovic (1953-) quién me ofreció una visión general del tema de la distribución de la riqueza en primer lugar, los realmente útiles estudios por parte de Angus Maddison (1926-2010) los cuales hicieron posible la recopilación de datos históricos que he utilizado para llegar a las conclusiones del presente documento, o la plena vocación de Thomas Piketty (1971-) al estudio de las diferencias de riqueza a nivel internacional, que gracias a la publicación de su libro “El Capital en el s. XXI”, he conseguido recopilar información mucho más detallada sobre los temas que se analizan en el siguiente estudio. Este trabajo se basa principalmente en sus investigaciones con el objetivo principal de abordar el tema de la distribución de la riqueza a nivel internacional así como de dar a conocer las potencialmente crecientes disparidades que se están dando entre muchos lugares del planeta, ya que lejos de la imagen que pueda dar la globalización al acercamiento entre ricos y pobres, se ha producido una divergencia a lo largo de los últimos años que ha ido en aumento.

Dietary animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with obesity and cardio-metabolic indicators in European adolescents: the HELENA cross-sectional study

Background: Previous studies suggest that dietary protein might play a beneficial role in combating obesity and its related chronic diseases. Total, animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with anthropometry and serum biomarkers in European adolescents using one standardised methodology across European countries are not well documented. Objectives: To evaluate total, animal and plant protein intakes in European adolescents stratified by gender and age, and to investigate their associations with cardio-metabolic indicators (anthropometry and biomarkers). Methods: The current analysis included 1804 randomly selected adolescents participating in the HELENA study (conducted in 2006-2007) aged 12.5-17.5 y (47% males) who completed two non-consecutive computerised 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between animal and plant protein intakes, and anthropometry and serum biomarkers were examined with General linear Model multivariate analysis. Results: Average total protein intake exceeded the recommendations of World Health Organization and European Food Safety Authority. Mean total protein intake was 96 g/d (59% derived from animal protein). Total, animal and plant protein intakes (g/d) were significantly lower in females than in males and total and plant protein intakes were lower in younger participants (12.5-14.9 y). Protein intake was significantly lower in underweight subjects and higher in obese ones; the direction of the relationship was reversed after adjustments for body weight (g/(kg.d)). The inverse association of plant protein intakes was stronger with BMI z-score and body fat percentage (BF%) compared to animal protein intakes. Additionally, BMI and BF% were positively associated with energy percentage of animal protein. Conclusions: This sample of European adolescents appeared to have adequate total protein intake. Our findings suggest that plant protein intakes may play a role in preventing obesity among European adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the potential beneficial effects observed in this study in the prevention of obesity and related chronic diseases.