Procesos inconclusos: la industria y el conocimiento en la C.A. del País Vasco

573 p.: graf.

Subcutaneous fat composition of youthful and mature Canadian beef: emphasis on individual conjugated linoleic acid and trans-18:1 isomers

[EN]A comprehensive evaluation of the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue from beef cattle produced in western Canada was undertaken to determine if the current Canadian grading system is able to distinguish classes of animals with value added potential due to their fatty acid composition. Grades included youthful Canadian Yield Grade 1 A/AA beef, under (YUTM) and over (YOTM) 30 mo of age and the four mature grades (D1, D2, D2 and D4). Subcutaneous fat between the 12th and 13th ribs over the longissimus muscle was obtained from 18_21 animals per grade. Fatty acids were analyzed using a combination of silver-ion HPLC and GC with a highly polar 100 m column. There were no differences in total trans-18:1 content amongst grades, but adipose tissue from grade D1, D2 and D4 had more 11t-18:1 than YUTM (PB0.05), whereas adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses had more 10t-18:1 than all other grades (PB0.05). Adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses also had less total CLA (PB0.05) than the D grades, mainly due to a lower level of 9c,11t-CLA, but they had slightly more 7t,9c-CLA and 10t,12c-CLA (PB0.05). Adipose tissue from YOTM and D grades contained more n-3 fatty acids relative to YUTM (0.56% vs. 0.29%; PB0.05) and lower n-6:n-3 ratios (PB0.05). Overall, older animals (YOTM and D grades) had adipose tissue compositions with higher levels of fatty acids with reported health benefits. Taken together, these higher levels may provide opportunities for value added marketing if regulatory authorities allow claims for their enrichment based on demonstrated health benefits. Higher concentrations of beneficial fatty acids, however, need to be considered within the context of the complete fatty acid profile and it would be important to demonstrate their advantages in the presence of relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids.

Short communication: Rapid separation of cis9, trans11- and trans7,cis9-18:2 (CLA) isomers from ruminant tissue using a 30 m SLB-IL111 ionic column

[EN]Rumenic acid (cis9,trans11-18:2) is the main natural isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Rumenic acid has many purported health benefits, but effects of most other CLA isomers are unknown. Typically trans7,cis9-18:2 is the second most abundant CLA isomer, but it co-elutes with rumenic acid on conventional polar gas chromatography (GC) columns, requiring complimentary analysis with silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag(+)-HPLC). Herein we report a rapid method for analyzing rumenic acid and trans7,cis9-18:2 using a 30 m ionic-liquid GC column. Optimal resolution of the two CLA isomers was at 145 degrees C and analysis of backfat from barley-fed cattle compared well with GC/Ag(+)-HPLC (y =0.978x - 0.031, r =0.985, P <0.001).

Programazioaren oinarriak: C-ko eta Java-ko praktikak

Helburuak: Ikasmaterial honen helburu nagusia ikasleek C-ko eta Java-ko klase teorikoetan lantzen dituzten ezagutzak sendotzea da. Norentzat: Programazioari buruzko lehen ezagutzak sendotu nahi dituen edozein ikasleei zuzenduta, baina bereziki telekomunikazio ikasketak egiten ari diren ikasleei.

Una reflexión acerca del problema del desempleo en la C.A.P.V.

La Comunidad Autónoma Vasca presenta una realidad socio-económica compleja sobre la que inciden multitud de variables políticas,económicas y culturales que han mediatizado nuestro desarrollo en los últimos años. Partiendo de que el principal problema que tiene la economía vasca y también la española es el paro,nos planteamos qué líneas de actuación deberían darse, si no para solucionarlo totalmente, sí al menos para reducirlo de una forma significativa.

Salud y desigualdades sociales en salud en la C. A. del País Vasco en el cambio de siglo : una visión desde las esperanzas de salud

328 p. : graf.

Evidence for classification of c.1852_1853AA > GC in MLH1 as a neutral variant for Lynch syndrome

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome characterized by early onset cancers of the colorectum, endometrium and other tumours. A significant proportion of DNA variants in LS patients are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the c.1852_1853AA>GC (p.Lys618Ala) variant of the MLH1 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for LS. Methods: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the p.Lys618Ala variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the p.Lys618Ala variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and microsatellite instability in tumours from carriers of the variant. We genotyped p.Lys618Ala in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic colorectal cancer [CRC] patients, 250 index subjects from families suspected of having LS [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized LS families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the p.Lys618Ala variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of colorectal tumour DNA samples from 17 patients carrying the p.Lys618Ala variant was screened for microsatellite instability using five mononucleotide markers. Results: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the p.Lys618Ala variant; nine had sporadic CRC (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary CRC (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The p.Lys618Ala variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated LS families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the MSH6 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of microsatellite instability (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in tumours from p.Lys618Ala carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of MLH1 in CRC patients. Conclusions: The p.Lys618Ala variant should be considered a neutral variant for LS. These findings have implications for the clinical management of CRC probands and their relatives.

Chiral gold(I) vs chiral silver complexes as catalysts for the enantioselective synthesis of the second generation GSK-hepatitis C virus inhibitor

The synthesis of a GSK 2(nd) generation inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus, by enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a leucine derived iminoester and tert-butyl acrylate, was studied. The comparison between silver(I) and gold(I) catalysts in this reaction was established by working with chiral phosphoramidites or with chiral BINAP. The best reaction conditions were used for the total synthesis of the hepatitis C virus inhibitor by a four step procedure affording this product in 99% ee and in 63% overall yield. The origin of the enantioselectivity of the chiral gold(I) catalyst was justified according to DFT calculations, the stabilizing coulombic interaction between the nitrogen atom of the thiazole moiety and one of the gold atoms being crucial.

[Reseña] F. Petrarca, De viris illustribus, I, II, IV (eds. S. Ferrone, C. Malta, P. de Capua), Firenze, Le Lettere, 2006-2007

[ES] Un real decreto de 1904, emitido con motivo de la celebración del VI Centenario del nacimiento de Petrarca (1304-1374), creó la Commissione per l’Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Francesco Petrarca. Después de un siglo en el que los estudios petrarquescos han experimentado un florecimiento espectacular, con varias revistas y colecciones dedicadas exclusivamente a Petrarca y con una deslumbrante nómina de especialistas, han visto la luz siete de los veinte volúmenes previstos inicialmente.

Ejercicio f??sico para supervivientes del c??ncer tras mastectom??a

El c??ncer es una enfermedad que produce alta mortalidad, y el c??ncer de mama es un c??ncer espec??fico que se da especialmente en las mujeres y que les produce una disminuci??n de la calidad de vida y en caso de que sufran una mastectom??a, una disminuci??n de la movilidad del hombro. Por ello es importante que las mujeres realicen un programa ejercicio aer??bico y fuerza as?? como un programa de ejercicios para recuperar esa movilidad del hombro afectado.Espa??ol.

Development of a new modelling framework to estimate the C footprint from Basque dairy farms

19 p.

Estrategia para bloquear la entrada del virus de la Hepatitis C (HCV) en hepatocitos primarios

En esta memoria se presenta una propuesta para desarrollar un proyecto de investigación que permita establecer la eficacia de una estrategia original para evitar la entrada del virus de la hepatitis C (HCV) en las células hepáticas. Se propone la utilización combinada de dos anticuerpos contra dos factores esenciales para la entrada HCV en las células hepáticas, como son las moléculas CD81 y SR-BI. La eficacia para reducir la capacidad infectiva del HCV de bloquear individualmente cada una de estas moléculas ha sido previamente demostrada, así que en este proyecto proponemos que un uso combinado de moléculas que bloqueen ambos receptores permitiría avanzar en la búsqueda de vacunas que eviten eficazmente la infección del HCV.

Fundamentos de informática. Ejercicios resueltos de programación en C

I. Ejercicios cortos de programación: - Enunciados. - Soluciones propuestas. II. Ejercicios largos: - Componentes electrónicos. - Hábitos de consumo: bebidas. - Emisora de radio. - Gasolinera. - Tienda. - Central eléctrica. - Ladrón Elca Comayor. - Cumbres de montaña. - Autopista. - Sala de juegos. - Farolas. - Pueblos de Guipúzcoa. - Olimpiadas. - Ventas S.A. - Accidentes de circulación. - Euskadi Irratia. - San Sebastián.

Informatikaren oinarriak. C lengoaian ebatzitako problemak

I. Programazioko ariketa laburrak: - Enuntziatuak. - Soluzioen proposamenak. II. Ariketa luzeak: - Gailu elektronikoak. - Kontsumo ohiturak: edariak. - Irratsaioa. - Gasolindegia. - Denda. - Zentral elektrikoa. - Elca Comayor lapurra. - Medi igoerak. - Autopista. - Joko aretoa. - Farolak. - Herrien arteko distantziak. - Olinpiadak. - Ventas S.A. - Heriozko istripuak. - Euskadi Irratia. - San Sebastianak

La frontera, borders an transborders. Reflections of the borderlands in Chicana Literature (early 20th-21st c.)

421 p.