Cartas enviadas por Ángel de Apraiz a Justo Garate entre 1921 y 1924

10 cartas (manuscritas y mecanografiadas) ; entre 335x227mm y 134x201mm. Ubicación: Caja 1 - Carpeta 33

Cartas enviadas por Ángel de Apraiz a Justo Garate entre 1924 y 1931

10 cartas (manuscritas y mecanografiadas) ; entre 213x203mm y 335x227mm. Ubicación: Caja 1 - Carpeta 33

Cartas enviadas por Enrique Areilza a Justo Garate entre 1924 y 1925

3 cartas (manuscritas) ; entre 210x215mm y 250x207mm. Caja 1 - Carpeta 44

Análisis de tendencias de temperaturas extremas (mínimas y máximas diarias) y eventos extremos (olas de frío y de calor) en la Cornisa Cantábrica (1924-2014).

[ES]En este trabajo se han analizado las tendencias de las temperaturas extremas y los eventos extremos en la Cornisa Cantábrica a partir de los registros diarios de catorce observatorios de la base de datos NCDC-GSOD (1973-2014) y cuatro observatorios centenarios también situados en esta región de ECA&D (1928-2014). Para ello, se han calculado los índices climáticos desarrollados por el ETCCDMI y se ha cuantificado la significación de las tendencias mediante el test de Mann-Kendall. Se ha observado un ascenso de las temperaturas extremas y eventos extremos en la mayoría de las estaciones, siendo el aumento más acusado a lo largo de los últimos cuarenta años

Majoritarian Contests with Asymmetric Battlefields: An Experiment

We investigate a version of the classic Colonel Blotto game in which individual battles may have different values. Two players allocate a fixed budget across battlefields and each battlefield is won by the player who allocates the most to that battlefield. The winner of the game is the player who wins the battlefields with highest total value. We focus on the case where there is one large and several small battlefields, such that a player wins if he wins the large and any one small battlefield, or all the small battlefields. We compute the mixed strategy equilibrium for these games and compare this with choices from a laboratory experiment. The equilibrium predicts that the large battlefield receives more than a proportional share of the resources of the players, and that most of the time resources should be spread over more battlefields than are needed to win the game. We find support for the main qualitative features of the equilibrium. In particular, strategies that spread resources widely are played frequently, and the large battlefield receives more than a proportional share in the treatment where the asymmetry between battlefields is stronger.

From the Cajal alumni Achucarro and Rio-Hortega to the rediscovery of never-resting microglia

Under the guidance of Ramon y Cajal, a plethora of students flourished and began to apply his silver impregnation methods to study brain cells other than neurons: the neuroglia. In the first decades of the twentieth century, Nicolas Achucarro was one of the first researchers to visualize the brain cells with phagocytic capacity that we know today as microglia. Later, his pupil Pio del Rio-Hortega developed modifications of Achucarro's methods and was able to specifically observe the fine morphological intricacies of microglia. These findings contradicted Cajal's own views on cells that he thought belonged to the same class as oligodendroglia (the so called "third element" of the nervous system), leading to a long-standing discussion. It was only in 1924 that Rio-Hortega's observations prevailed worldwide, thus recognizing microglia as a unique cell type. This late landing in the Neuroscience arena still has repercussions in the twenty first century, as microglia remain one of the least understood cell populations of the healthy brain. For decades, microglia in normal, physiological conditions in the adult brain were considered to be merely "resting," and their contribution as "activated" cells to the neuroinflammatory response in pathological conditions mostly detrimental. It was not until microglia were imaged in real time in the intact brain using two-photon in vivo imaging that the extreme motility of their fine processes was revealed. These findings led to a conceptual revolution in the field: "resting" microglia are constantly surveying the brain parenchyma in normal physiological conditions. Today, following Cajal's school of thought, structural and functional investigations of microglial morphology, dynamics, and relationships with neurons and other glial cells are experiencing a renaissance and we stand at the brink of discovering new roles for these unique immune cells in the healthy brain, an essential step to understand their causal relationship to diseases.