Efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de cerebro de rata "in vitro"

El clorhidrato de tiaprida es una benzamida u ortopramida con efecto neuroléptico atípico. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el consumo de oxígeno, glucosa, fosforilación oxidativa mitocondrial, actividad ATPasa y la interacción con diversos neurotransmisores en preparaciones de cortes de corteza de rata "in vitro". En relación con el MATERIAL Y METODOS, se determinó el consumo de oxígeno en cortes, homogeneizados y mitocondrias de cerebro de rata "in vitro" mediante técnica manométrica. La actividad ATPasa se determinó estimando el fosfato inorgánico liberado a partir del adenosín-trifosfato (ATP) en ausencia y en presencia de ouabaína. Se determinó el consumo de glucosa mediante el proceder de la glucosa-oxidasa y también se estudió la fosforilación oxidativa mitocondrial. Para el estudio de las interacciones con los neurotransmisores se recurrió a los cortes de cortaza cerebral de rata "in vitro". Se determinó el valor de la Concentración Inbitoria50 cuando el antagonismo era de tipo no competitivo. El clorhidrato de tiaprida a las concentraciones de 10-3, 10-4 y 10-5M disminuye el consumo de oxígeno de homogeneizados de cerebro de rata "in vitro", no desacopla la fosforilación oxidativa mitocondrial, no modifica el consumo de oxígeno y de glucosa de cortes de cerebro de rata "in vitro" incubados en solución de Krebs-Ringer fosfato normal, no inhibe la actividad ATPasa de membrana sodio-potasio dependiente, ni la actividad ATPasa no sensible a ouabaína. El clorhidrato de tiaprida a la concentración de 10-6M antagoniza el incremento de consumo de oxígeno inducido por la dopamina en cortes de cerebro de rata "in vitro" incubados en solución de Krebs-Ringer fosfato pH 7.4 con glucosa 10 mM, siendo este antagonismo de tipo no competitivo. El clorhidrato de tiaprida no modifica los efectos de histamina y serotonina sobre el consumo de oxígeno de cortes de cerebro de rata.

Validation of a Spanish version of the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR)

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Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the N-terminal fragment of Candida albicans hyphal wall protein I

Background: The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is difficult because there are no specific clinical manifestations of the disease and colonization and infection are difficult to distinguish. In the last decade, much effort has been made to develop reliable tests for rapid diagnosis of invasive candidiasis, but none of them have found widespread clinical use. Results: Antibodies against a recombinant N-terminal fragment of the Candida albicans germ tube-specific antigen hyphal wall protein 1 (Hwp1) generated in Escherichia coli were detected by both immunoblotting and ELISA tests in a group of 36 hematological or Intensive Care Unit patients with invasive candidiasis and in a group of 45 control patients at high risk for the mycosis who did not have clinical or microbiological data to document invasive candidiasis. Results were compared with an immunofluorescence test to detect antibodies to C. albicans germ tubes (CAGT). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a diagnostic test based on the detection of antibodies against the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by immunoblotting were 27.8 %, 95.6 %, 83.3 % and 62.3 %, respectively. Detection of antibodies to the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by ELISA increased the sensitivity (88.9 %) and the negative predictive value (90.2 %) but slightly decreased the specificity (82.6 %) and positive predictive values (80 %). The kinetics of antibody response to the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by ELISA was very similar to that observed by detecting antibodies to CAGT. Conclusion: An ELISA test to detect antibodies against a recombinant N-terminal fragment of the C. albicans germ tube cell wall antigen Hwp1 allows the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis with similar results to those obtained by detecting antibodies to CAGT but without the need of treating the sera to adsorb the antibodies against the cell wall surface of the blastospore.

Apaf-1 Inhibitors Protect from Unwanted Cell Death in In Vivo Models of Kidney Ischemia and Chemotherapy Induced Ototoxicity

Background: Excessive apoptosis induces unwanted cell death and promotes pathological conditions. Drug discovery efforts aimed at decreasing apoptotic damage initially targeted the inhibition of effector caspases. Although such inhibitors were effective, safety problems led to slow pharmacological development. Therefore, apoptosis inhibition is still considered an unmet medical need. Methodology and Principal Findings: The interaction between Apaf-1 and the inhibitors was confirmed by NMR. Target specificity was evaluated in cellular models by siRNa based approaches. Cell recovery was confirmed by MTT, clonogenicity and flow cytometry assays. The efficiency of the compounds as antiapoptotic agents was tested in cellular and in vivo models of protection upon cisplatin induced ototoxicity in a zebrafish model and from hypoxia and reperfusion kidney damage in a rat model of hot ischemia. Conclusions: Apaf-1 inhibitors decreased Cytc release and apoptosome-mediated activation of procaspase-9 preventing cell and tissue damage in ex vivo experiments and in vivo animal models of apoptotic damage. Our results provide evidence that Apaf-1 pharmacological inhibition has therapeutic potential for the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases.

El pintor navarro Juan Ochoa de Arín (1600-1652) y su producción en Gipuzkoa

Investigación realizada dentro del Programa de Formación y Perfeccionamiento de Personal Investigador del Gobierno Vasco (2010-2013).