Klima-aldaketaren eraginak euskal kostaldeko mendebaldeko sakonera handiko begetazio azpimarealean

[eus] Euskal kostaldeko mareazpiko begetazioak aldaketa esanguratsuak jasan ditu azken hiru hamarkadetan. Aurretik egindako ikerketek jakinarazi dute aldaketa horiek klima-aldaketak eragindakoak direla. Ikerketa honen helburua inpaktu horri buruzko informazio gehiago lortzea da. Horretarako, sakonera handiko uretako fitobentosaren osaerari eta ugaritasunari buruzko balioespena egin da. 2014. urteko udan 7 trantsektu ezarri ziren, Kobaroneko muturretik Muskizeko muturreraino. Trantsektu horiek aurretik ikertuak izan ziren 1982 eta 2007 urteetan, eta laginketa suntsitzailea egin zen. Analisi estatistikoek aldaketa esanguratsuak erakusten dituzte sakoneko (9-11m) komunitateetan azken 32 urteetan. Uraren tenperaturaren emendioa eta eguzki-erradiazio altuagoa detektatutako aldaketen erantzuleak izan daitezke neurri batean. Pterosiphonia complanata espezie esziafiloaren gainbeherak eta Cystoseira baccata eta Aphanocladia stichidiosa espezieen ugaritzeak hipotesi hori azaltzen dute. Espero genuenaren kontra, Gelidium corneum espeziea, sakontasun gutxiko uretan gainbehera bortitza jasaten ari dena, ez da 9 metrotik beherako sakonerara lekualdatu. Hala ere, ezin da ziurtatu egungo ingurumeneko baldintzak optimoak ez direnik G. corneum espeziearen garapenerako 9-11 metroko sakoneretan. Migrazio bertikal hori ez gertatzearen arrazoi onargarriena C. baccata- rekiko lehiakortasuna dela dirudi. Bestalde, C. baccata hiru dimentsiotako habitatak eratzeko gai den tamaina handiko alga bat da, espezie askorentzat babesleku gisa diharduena. Ondorioz, haren hedapenak G. corneum-ek sakonera txikiagoetan betetzen zuen funtzioa ordezka lezake neurri batean.

Optimal Minimum Wage in a Competitive Economy: an Alternative Modelling Approach

This paper analyzes whether a minimum wage can be an optimal redistribution policy when distorting taxes and lump-sum transfers are also available in a competitive economy. We build a static general equilibrium model with a Ramsey planner making decisions on taxes, transfers, and minimum wage levels. Workers are assumed to differ only in their productivity. We find that optimal redistribution may imply the use of a minimum wage. The key factor driving our results is the reaction of the demand for low skilled labor to the minimum wage law. Hence, an optimal minimum wage appears to be most likely when low skilled households are scarce, the complementarity between the two types of workers is large or the difference in productivity is small. The main contribution of the paper is a modelling approach that allows us to adopt analysis and solution techniques widely used in recent public finance research. Moreover, this modelling strategy is flexible enough to allow for potential extensions to include dynamics into the model.

Should Fiscal Policy be different in a Non-Competitive Framework?

Published as an article in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 2003, vol. 50, issue 6, pages 1311-1331.

Competitive Pressure and Job Interview Lying: A Game Theoretical Analysis

We consider a job contest in which candidates go through interviews (cheap talk) and are subject to reference checks. We show how competitive pressure - increasing the ratio of "good" to "bad" type candi- dates - can lead to a vast increase in lying and in some cases make bad hires more likely. As the number of candidates increases, it becomes harder to in- duce truth-telling. The interview stage becomes redundant if the candidates, a priori, know each others' type or the result of their own reference check. Finally, we show that the employer can bene t from committing not to reject all the applicants.

Competitive issue of money & abolition of central banks

The aim of this work is to analyze the main characteristics of the current financial system and to investigate the arising of critical voices with respect this system. In particular, we analyze some historical facts that have been important in the creation of this financial order. We analyze the new digital currency, known as Bitcoin, as the basic ingredient in the formation of a new alternative and decentralized international financial system. In 10 years Bitcoin has expanded its influence to many economic activities. We also analyzed briefly the classic liberal theory that criticizes the intervention of governments in the markets. Finally, we consider relevant the arising of a group of countries (BRICS) that may challenge the current system where the position of USA is privileged.

Socioeconomic status, parental support, motivation and self-confidence in youth competitive sport

World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012