ATTITUDES TOWARDS BILINGUALISM AND BASQUE IN RIOJA ALAVESA

Ikerketa honetan, aspalditik euskara mintza-hizkuntza izan ez duen komunitate batean ¿Arabako Errioxan¿ euskara biziberritzeko politikek ekarri dituzten ondorioetako batzuk aztertu dira. Ikerketa honen aztergai nagusia elebitasunaren eta euskararen inguruko jarrerak dira. Jarrera orokorrak jasotzeaz gain, hizkuntza-ereduek, gaitasunarekin eta erabilerarekin lotutako zenbait hizkuntza-aldagaik eta aldagai psikosozial batzuek ¿bizindarra, identitatea, euskal hiztunekiko harremana¿ jarrerekin duten erlazioa aztertu da.Metodo kualitatiboak eta kuantitatiboak baliatu dira ikerketa honetan. Elkarrizketen eta behaketaren bidez, Arabako Errioxako bizilagunen ikuspegiak atzeman nahi izan dira. Galdesortak erabili ziren, berriz, eskualdeko ikasleen datuak biltzeko.Azterlanaren alderdi berritzaile bat da jarrerek denboran zehar duten bilakaeran sakontzen duela. Ikerketa bi fasetan egin da, zortzi urteko denbora-tarteaz (2001ean eta 2009an). Lehen fasean, analisi kualitatiboak eta kuantitatiboak egin ziren ikerketaren testuinguru zabala atzemate aldera. Bigarren fasean analisi kuantitatiboak soilik egin ziren, eta fase bakoitzean neur-tresna bera erabili zen, konparaketa erraztearren.Ikerlan honen ondorio nagusietako bat da ikasleek oro har jarrera positiboak dituztela, hala elebitasunarekiko nola euskararekiko. Ikasleek era bertsuan erantzun zuten 2001ean eta 2009an, nahiz eta euskararen aldeko jarrerak apalxeagoak ziren 2009an. Ereduei dagokienez, jarrera positiboenak D ereduko ikasleek dituzte, eta epelenak A eredukoek. Oro har emaitzek erakusten dute korrelazioa dagoela aztertutako aldagai linguistiko zein psikosozialen eta jarreren artean. Jarrerekin korrelazio indartsua dute, besteak beste, euskara erabiltzeko nahiak eta identitateari lotutako aldagaiek.

Actitud de los niños de educación primaria hacia las matemáticas

Actualmente la actitud de los alumnos hacia las matemáticas está siendo cuestionada debido al bajo rendimiento que muestran las últimas investigaciones. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la investigación y posterior análisis sobre la actitud de los alumnos de Educación Primaria hacia la materia. Para ello, se ha ideado un cuestionario teniendo en cuenta variables internas y externas. Como resultado se ha concluido que tanto el perfil del profesor como la metodología empleada influyen en la actitud del alumnado y como consecuencia de ello en su rendimiento.

Travellers' Types

This paper uses subjects’ self-reported justifications to explain discrepancies between observed heterogeneous behavior and the unique equilibrium prediction in a one-shot traveler’s dilemma experiment (TD). Principal components (PC) analysis suggests that iterative reasoning, aspiration levels, competitive behavior, attitudes towards risk and penalties and focal points may be behind different choices. Such reasons are coherent with same subjects’ behavior in other tests and experiments in which these particular issues are prominent. Overall, we identify types of subjects whose motivations are consistent across tasks.

Income Taxation and Growth in an OLG Economy: Does Aggregate Uncertainty Play any Role?

We analyze the effects of capital income taxation on long-run growth in a stochastic, two-period overlapping generations economy. Endogenous growth is driven by a positive externality of physical capital in the production sector that makes firms exhibit an aggregate technology in equilibrium. We distinguish between capital income and labor income, and between attitudes towards risk and intertemporal substitution of consumption. We show necessary and sufficient conditions such that i) increments in the capital income taxation lead to higher equilibrium growth rates, and ii) the effect of changes in the capital income tax rate on the equilibrium growth may be of opposite signs in stochastic and in deterministic economies. Such a sign reversal is shown to be more likely depending on i) how the intertemporal elasticity of substitution compares to one, and ii) the size of second- period labor supply. Numerical simulations show that for reasonable values of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, a sign reversal shows up only for implausibly high values of the second- period’s labor supply. The conclusion is that deterministic OLG economies are a good approximation of the effect of taxes on the equilibrium growth rate as in Smith (1996).

Somatisation in primary care: experiences of primary care physicians involved in a training program and in a randomised controlled trial

Background: A new intervention aimed at managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) based on a specific set of communication techniques was developed, and tested in a cluster randomised clinical trial. Due to the modest results obtained and in order to improve our intervention we need to know the GPs' attitudes towards patients with MUS, their experience, expectations and the utility of the communication techniques we proposed and the feasibility of implementing them. Physicians who took part in 2 different training programs and in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) for patients with MUS were questioned to ascertain the reasons for the doctors' participation in the trial and the attitudes, experiences and expectations of GPs about the intervention. Methods: A qualitative study based on four focus groups with GPs who took part in a RCT. A content analysis was carried out. Results: Following the RCT patients are perceived as true suffering persons, and the relationship with them has improved in GPs of both groups. GPs mostly valued the fact that it is highly structured, that it made possible a more comfortable relationship and that it could be applied to a broad spectrum of patients with psychosocial problems. Nevertheless, all participants consider that change in patients is necessary; GPs in the intervention group remarked that that is extremely difficult to achieve. Conclusion: GPs positively evaluate the communication techniques and the interventions that help in understanding patient suffering, and express the enormous difficulties in handling change in patients. These findings provide information on the direction in which efforts for improving intervention should be directed.

Segmentación de los e-consumidores: un estudio aplicado a partir de las perspectivas de uso de Internet

[ES] La segmentación de mercados se ha utilizado con bastante frecuencia en las investigaciones de marketing tradicionales pero todavía aparece como una materia relativamente novedosa si se busca su aplicación en el uso de las Tecnologías de la Comunicación y de la Información (TIC) en general y de Internet en particular. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar el comportamiento del internauta según los principales usos que piensa hacer, en un futuro próximo, de las diferentes aplicaciones de Internet. A partir de una muestra de 700 individuos, se realizó un análisis factorial y cluster para clasificar a los usuarios en tres colectivos. Junto con la información demográfica y las perspectivas de uso de la Red, se hizo posible la elaboración de un perfil diferenciado para cada segmento. El análisis también permite extraer los principales factores en los que se recogen las diferentes actitudes frente al uso de la Red. En las conclusiones se presentan las reflexiones más significativas sobre los segmentos obtenidos y su implicación en la gestión, las limitaciones del estudio y las futuras líneas de investigación.