"I'm on it 24/7 at the moment" : A qualitative examination of multi-screen viewing behaviours among UK 10-11 year olds

Background: Screen-viewing has been associated with increased body mass, increased risk of metabolic syndrome and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents. There is a shortage of information about the nature of contemporary screen-viewing amongst children especially given the rapid advances in screen-viewing equipment technology and their widespread availability. Anecdotal evidence suggests that large numbers of children embrace the multi-functionality of current devices to engage in multiple forms of screen-viewing at the same time. In this paper we used qualitative methods to assess the nature and extent of multiple forms of screen-viewing in UK children. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with 10-11 year old children (n = 63) who were recruited from five primary schools in Bristol, UK. Topics included the types of screen-viewing in which the participants engaged; whether the participants ever engaged in more than one form of screen-viewing at any time and if so the nature of this multiple viewing; reasons for engaging in multi-screen-viewing; the room within the house where multi-screen-viewing took place and the reasons for selecting that room. All focus groups were transcribed verbatim, anonymised and thematically analysed. Results: Multi-screen viewing was a common behaviour. Although multi-screen viewing often involved watching TV, TV viewing was often the background behaviour with attention focussed towards a laptop, handheld device or smart-phone. There were three main reasons for engaging in multi-screen viewing: 1) tempering impatience that was associated with a programme loading; 2) multi-screen facilitated filtering out unwanted content such as advertisements; and 3) multi-screen viewing was perceived to be enjoyable. Multi-screen viewing occurred either in the child's bedroom or in the main living area of the home. There was considerable variability in the level and timing of viewing and this appeared to be a function of whether the participants attended after-school clubs. Conclusions: UK children regularly engage in two or more forms of screen-viewing at the same time. There are currently no means of assessing multi-screen viewing nor any interventions that specifically focus on reducing multi-screen viewing. To reduce children's overall screen-viewing we need to understand and then develop approaches to reduce multi-screen viewing among children.

Evaluation of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin and the Levels of mRNA Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7, Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and COX-2 for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

8 p.

Chiral gold(I) vs chiral silver complexes as catalysts for the enantioselective synthesis of the second generation GSK-hepatitis C virus inhibitor

The synthesis of a GSK 2(nd) generation inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus, by enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a leucine derived iminoester and tert-butyl acrylate, was studied. The comparison between silver(I) and gold(I) catalysts in this reaction was established by working with chiral phosphoramidites or with chiral BINAP. The best reaction conditions were used for the total synthesis of the hepatitis C virus inhibitor by a four step procedure affording this product in 99% ee and in 63% overall yield. The origin of the enantioselectivity of the chiral gold(I) catalyst was justified according to DFT calculations, the stabilizing coulombic interaction between the nitrogen atom of the thiazole moiety and one of the gold atoms being crucial.

Prognostic Role of Host Cyclooxygenase and Cytokine Genotypes in a Caucasian Cohort of Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma

11 p.

Validación de la cuantificación de la concentración hepática de hierro mediante resonancia magnética nuclear de 1-Tesla

Introducción: La medición de la concentración de hierro hepática (CHH) por RM es una técnica no invasiva de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico de los pacientes con sospecha de sobrecarga férrica en hígado. Objetivo:Validar la eficacia de la RM 1 Tesla en la determinación de la (CHH) en pacientes con sospecha de sobrecarga férrica. Validar su capacidad para diagnosticar o descartar la presencia de una CHH sugestiva de hemocromatosis. Pacientes y métodos:Estudio observacional, transversal, con inclusión prospectiva de pacientes consecutivos. De 2002 a 2010 hemos obtenido la CHH estimada mediante RM 1 Tesla (método Gandon) y de RM 1,5 Tesla (método Alústiza), y mediante BH, en 56 pacientes consecutivos (58RM:35/23). Resultados:Grupo RM 1 Tesla: de acuerdo con CHH en BH, 15 pacientes clasificados como normales (<36µmol/g)-la RM valoró correctamente 7; sobreestimó 8-; 15 grupo hemosiderosis (36-80 µmol/g)-RM valoró correctamente 5, sobreestimó 10-; 5 grupo hemocromatosis (>80 µmol/g)-valoró correctamente las 5-. Existió una correlación entre la determinación de la CHH por BH y RM 1 Tesla con r=0.619. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05) entre CHH media por biopsia (53.43/DE45.67/IC95%37.74 a 69.12) y por RM 1 Tesla (76.14/DE47.31/IC95% 60.46 a 92.97), con sobrevaloración por parte de la RM. Grupo RM 1,5 Tesla: de acuerdo con CHH en BH, normal en 14, hemosiderosis en 6 y hemocromatosis en 3. La RM valoró correctamente 6 y sobreestimó 8 en grupo normal; grupo hemosiderosis, 3 correctamente, 3 sobrevalorados; grupo hemocromatosis, valoró correctamente los 3. La correlación entre CHH por BH y RM 1,5 Tesla fue de r=0.815. La CHH media obtenida por BH (69,34/DE152.1/IC95% 3.57 a 135.1 ) y RM 1,5 Tesla (70.43/DE 57.63/IC95% 45.51 a 95.36) no demostraron diferencias significativas (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La determinación de CHH por RM 1 Tesla (método Gandon) es útil para diagnosticar o descartar hemocromatosis y para diagnosticar CHH normal. Existe una importante tendencia a la sobreestimación en pacientes sin y con sobrecarga férrica en la CHH obtenida por RM 1 Tesla. La determinación de CHH por RM 1,5 Tesla (método Alústiza) es superior a la de RM 1 Tesla, aunque también existe una tendencia a sobreestimar. La CHH media obtenida por BH o RM 1,5 Tesla no tuvieron diferencias significativas. En cambio si existieron entre BH y RM 1 Tesla.

Kadete eta jubenil futbolarien arteko ezberdintasunak jauzi, azelerazio eta norabide aldaketa gaitasunetan

Helburua: Ikerketa honen helburu nagusia kadete eta jubenil futbolarien arteko ezberdintasunak analizatzea izan zen azelerazio, norabide aldaketa, jauzi bertikal eta jauzi horizontal gaitasunetan. Metodoak: Lagina Romo Futbol Club-aren 34 futbol jokalarik osatu zuten, denak gizonezkoak (16,03 ± 1,22 urte, 1,73 ± 0,07 m, 66,86 ± 7,65 kg, 22,21 ± 1,91 kg.m-2). Lagina bi taldetan banatu egin zen, lehiatzen zuten kategoria kontutan hartuta. 1.taldeak (KAD) Kadeteen Euskal Ligan jokatzen zuen (15,12 ± 0,70 urte, 1,71 ± 0,07 m, 63,06 ± 6,66 kg, 21,48 ± 1,56 kg.m-2), 2.taldeak (JUB) Jubenilen Nazional Ligan egiten zuen bitartean (16,94 ± 0,90 urte, 1,76 ± 0,07 m, 70,65 ± 6,77 kg, 22,93 ± 2,00 kg.m-2). Testak bi egun ezberdinetan burutu egin ziren eta jokalariek ez zuten intentsitate altuko jarduerarik egin frogen aurreko bi egunetan. 1.egunean, asteartea, jokalari guztien datu antropometrikoak hartu ziren eta azelerazio gaitasuna, norabide aldaketa gaitasuna (CODA) eta jauzi horizontala (HJ) neurtzeko testak burutu ziren. 2.egunean, osteguna, salto bertikalari (VJ) dagozkion frogak eraman ziren aurrera. Emaitzak: Azelerazio gaitasunean ezberdintasun esanguratsuak eskuratu ziren kadeteen eta jubenilen artean. Hala ere, MAT testan lortutako emaitzak antzekoak izan ziren bi taldeetan. Ezberdintasun esanguratsuak eskuratu ziren elastizitate indizean (IE) eta efektuaren tamaina altua edo moderatua izan zen VCMJ eta CMJAS frogetan. Ezberdintasun esanguratsuak aurkitu ziren bai HCMJ jauzian zein H3BT jauzian jokalari kadete eta jubenilen artean. Konklusioa: Ikerketa honetan kategorien arteko ezberdintasunak aurkitu ziren (kadete eta jubenil) azelerazio gaitasunean, baina ez norabide aldaketa gaitasunean. Jauzi gaitasunari dagokionez, jokalari jubenilek jauzi horizontal gaitasun handiagoa eskuratu zuten. Hala ere, ezberdintasun hauek ez ziren ikusi jauzi bertikal mota guztietan. Kontra mugimendurik gabeko jauzi bertikal testan (VSJ), emaitzak antzekoak izan ziren adin ezberdinetako jokalarien artean. Emaitza hauei erreparatuz, interesgarria izan daiteke azelerazio (5 eta 15 m), luzatze-laburtze ziklodun jauzi bertikal (VCMJ eta VCMJAS) eta jauzi horizontal (HCMJ eta H3BT) testak erabiltzea errendimendua analizatzeko futbolari gazteetan.