El derecho penitenciario: disfunciones prácticas y propuestas de cambio

Se pretende analizar la situción actual real de las prisiones del Estado Español, en comparación a su creación, evolución y los cambios realizados a lo largo de los últimos siglos. Desde su aparición se han oido voces discrepantes, como Montesquieu, Beccaria, Boltarie y Foucault entre otros, contra este sistema represivo, de control social y de remuneración penal, habiendo sido objeto de crítica desde su implantación. No solo sobre su eficacia y efectividad como freno de la criminalidad, sino también sobre su estigma social como herramienta utilizada por unos pocos poderosos frente a la clase menos favorecida. La pregunta principal que me surge es si la prisión en la actualidad tiene los resultados deseados en su aplicación, ¿están todos los que son y son todos los que están?, otra de las preguntas que me hago es ¿con su aplicación se reducen los índices de criminalidad y de delitos?

Equipos de innovación como instrumentos de cambio organizacional

132 p.

Modernización y cambio social en Bizkaia durante el siglo industrial, 1877-1975. Claves de un proceso

375 p.

Number of Players and Relative Pitch Area per Player: Comparing Their Influence on Heart Rate and Physical Demands in Under-12 and Under-13 Football Players

The aim of the present study is to analyse the influence of different large-sided games (LSGs) on the physical and physiological variables in under-12s (U12) and -13s (U13) soccer players. The effects of the combination of different number of players per team, 7, 9, and 11 (P7, P9, and P11, respectively) with three relative pitch areas, 100, 200, and 300 m(2) (A100, A200, and A300, respectively), were analysed in this study. The variables analysed were: 1) global indicator such as total distance (TD); work:rest ratio (W:R); player-load (PL) and maximal speed (V-max); 2) heart rate (HR) mean and time spent in different intensity zones of HR (<75%, 75-84%, 84-90% and >90%), and; 3) five absolute (<8, 8-13, 13-16 and >16 Km h(-1)) and three relative speed categories (<40%, 40-60% and >60% V-max). The results support the theory that a change in format (player number and pitch dimensions) affects no similarly in the two players categories. Although it can seem that U13 players are more demanded in this kind of LSG, when the work load is assessed from a relative point of view, great pitch dimensions and/or high number of player per team are involved in the training task to the U12 players. The results of this study could alert to the coaches to avoid some types of LSGs for the U12 players such as:P11 played in A100, A200 or A300, P9 played in A200 or A300 and P7 played in A300 due to that U13>U12 in several physical and physiological variables (W:R, time spent in 84-90% HRmax, distance in 8-13 and 13-16 Km h(-1) and time spent in 40-60% V-max). These results may help youth soccer coaches to plan the progressive introduction of LSGs so that task demands are adapted to the physiological and physical development of participants.