Downscaling of surface moisture flux and precipitation in the Ebro Valley (Spain) using analogues and analogues followed by random forests and multiple linear regression

In this paper, reanalysis fields from the ECMWF have been statistically downscaled to predict from large-scale atmospheric fields, surface moisture flux and daily precipitation at two observatories (Zaragoza and Tortosa, Ebro Valley, Spain) during the 1961-2001 period. Three types of downscaling models have been built: (i) analogues, (ii) analogues followed by random forests and (iii) analogues followed by multiple linear regression. The inputs consist of data (predictor fields) taken from the ERA-40 reanalysis. The predicted fields are precipitation and surface moisture flux as measured at the two observatories. With the aim to reduce the dimensionality of the problem, the ERA-40 fields have been decomposed using empirical orthogonal functions. Available daily data has been divided into two parts: a training period used to find a group of about 300 analogues to build the downscaling model (1961-1996) and a test period (19972001), where models' performance has been assessed using independent data. In the case of surface moisture flux, the models based on analogues followed by random forests do not clearly outperform those built on analogues plus multiple linear regression, while simple averages calculated from the nearest analogues found in the training period, yielded only slightly worse results. In the case of precipitation, the three types of model performed equally. These results suggest that most of the models' downscaling capabilities can be attributed to the analogues-calculation stage.

Managing and resisting ‘degeneration’ in employee-owned businesses: a comparative study of two large retailers in Spain and the UK

Employee-owned businesses have recently enjoyed a resurgence of interest as possible ‘alternatives’ to the somewhat tarnished image of conventional investor-owned capitalist firms. Within the context of global economic crisis, such alternatives seem newly attractive. This is somewhat ironic because, for more than a century, academic literature on employee-owned businesses has been dominated by the ‘degeneration thesis’. This suggested that these businesses tend towards failure – they either fail commercially, or they relinquish their democratic characters. Bucking this trend and offering a beacon - especially in the UK - has been the commercially successful, co-owned enterprise of the John Lewis Partnership (JLP) whose virtues have seemingly been rewarded with favourable and sustainable outcomes. This paper makes comparisons between JLP and its Spanish equivalent Eroski – the supermarket group which is part of the Mondragon cooperatives. The contribution of this paper is to examine in a comparative way how the managers in JLP and Eroski have constructed and accomplished their alternative scenarios. Using longitudinal data and detailed interviews with senior managers in both enterprises it explores the ways in which two large, employee-owned, enterprises reconcile apparently conflicting principles and objectives. The paper thus puts some new flesh on the ‘regeneration thesis’.

Diseño e implementación de un taller de teatro musical en Educación Primaria

[SPA] Las disciplinas artísticas siempre han sido un campo tan beneficioso como poco utilizado en educación. En esta propuesta de taller de teatro musical en educación primaria se ha indagado en el mundo de la pedagogía teatral y su relación con la música y el juego como técnicas de transmisión de valores y desarrollo de aprendizajes. La puesta en práctica mediante el diseño e implementación de un taller por parte del mediador ha logrado que los alumnos muestren avances significativos en diversos campos como el autoconocimiento corporal o el descubrimiento de nuevos géneros musicales, además de favorecer a la dinámica grupal dentro y fuera del taller. De cara al futuro, este proceso ha abierto las puertas a nuevas propuestas en el ámbito de la dramatización infantil así como al interés formativo del propio educador.

Cost effectiveness of a combination of instruments for global warming: a quantitative approach for Spain

4 p.

Environmental fiscal reform and unemployment in Spain in the presence of an informal sector

4 p.

Market Instruments and CO2 Mitigation: A General Equilibrium Analysis for Spain

25 p.

Environmental Fiscal Reform and Unemployment in Spain

22 p.

Implications of governance structures on urban climate action: evidence from Italy and Spain

47 p.

The use of “Bonus-Malus” schemes for promoting energy-efficient household appliances: a case study for Spain

32 p.

Reform of Spain's profesional services market: Implementation of the EU Services Directive

The implementation of the European Commission Services Directive initiated the modernization process of services markets within the European Union. The objective was to guarantee the creation of a single market by ensuring the freedom of establishment and circulation. The transposition of the Directive in Spain triggered an initial wave of reforms in the Spanish legal system. A second package of reforms is currently underway, following recommendations by the EC, IMF and OECD, which highlight the relative lack of competition in Spain���s services as one of the major imbalances in its economy, alongside the public deficit and unemployment. Both the implemented and planned reforms represent a major step forward. Nevertheless, the government has recently announced modifications to the draft bill of the Professional Services and Associations Law, which is expected to soon be submitted for parliamentary debate and approval. Taking into consideration modifications already introduced, together with anticipated further changes, it will be important to maintain the main points of the draft bill and to introduce a deeper review of the legal framework for professional services, of the professional associations themselves, and for the activities that are subject to compulsory membership within a professional association. Spain���s territorial map of professional associations must too be redrawn.

Androginia en teatro

Nivel Educativo: Master.Duración (en horas): 4

Teatro y traducción (inglés-español). Análisis comparativo de traducciones comerciales. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

El presente trabajo se centra en un análisis comparativo en varios niveles de las traducciones producidas a partir de la obra teatral Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Albee 1962): las de Marcelo De Ridder, José Méndez y Alberto Mira, realizadas con distintos fines y en momentos histórico culturales diferenciados. Asimismo hemos integrado en la comparación la adaptación cinematográfica y los correspondientes textos audiovisuales en inglés y en español, con el fin de ofrecer una visión más inclusiva del modo en que se ha generado esta cadena textual. Para manejar el mencionado corpus, nos hemos valido de herramientas informáticas. Por un lado, el programa TRACEAligner ha resultado de gran utilidad para alinear los textos teatrales. Por otro lado, SubRip ha posibilitado la extracción del subtitulado en inglés y en español del DVD, que después hemos organizado en una tabla bitextual. A través de una metodología fundamentada en estudios de investigación relevantes, hemos examinado el corpus desde una perspectiva extratextual, macroestructural, microestructural e intersistémica. Esto nos ha permitido interrelacionar las traducciones en aspectos tan importantes como los factores contextuales que afectan a su producción, las características de las publicaciones (o del libreto inédito), la transferencia de las unidades estructurales y argumentales, la correspondencia con rasgos de distintos tipos de traducciones, los fenómenos de traducción con mayor incidencia o las adaptaciones derivadas de los procesos de censura. Gracias a la comparación de estos temas, se pueden apreciar las características distintivas de cada texto. Otro asunto que se trata a lo largo del análisis es la identificación del texto fuente de cada traducción, especialmente de la de Méndez. Hemos tratado de demostrar que Méndez parte del texto norteamericano, no de la traducción de Ridder, como se ha sugerido (Espejo 1998: 111 112). Por último, recogemos una serie de conclusiones que pretenden verter luz sobre las cuestiones planteadas en la introducción.

Progressive Decrease in the Potential Usefulness of Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine (4CMenB, Bexsero (R)) in Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain

The effectiveness of a vaccine is determined not only by the immunogenicity of its components, but especially by how widely it covers the disease-causing strains circulating in a given region. Because vaccine coverage varies over time, this study aimed to detect possible changes that could affect vaccine protection during a specific period in a southern European region. The 4CMenB vaccine is licensed for use in Europe, Canada, and Australia and is mainly directed against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. This vaccine contains four main immunogenic components: three recombinant proteins, FHbp, Nhba and NadA, and an outer membrane vesicle [PorA P1.4]. The allelic distribution of FHbp, Nhba, NadA, and PorA antigens in 82 invasive isolates (B and non-B serogroups) isolated from January 2008 to December 2013 were analyzed. 4CMenB was likely protective against 61.8% and 50% of serogroup B and non-B meningococci, respectively, in the entire period, but between 2012 and 2013, the predicted protection fell below 45% (42.1% for serogroup B isolates). The observed decreasing trend in the predicted protection during the 6 years of the study (X-2 for trend = 4.68, p=0.03) coincided with a progressive decrease of several clonal complexes (e. g., cc11, cc32 and cc41/44), which had one or more antigens against which the vaccine would offer protection.

La historia de las traducciones del teatro inglés en España en el siglo XX: Perspectiva desde el proyecto TRACE

Editoras Rosa Rabadán; Trinidad Guzmán; Marisa Fernández.