90 resultados para Moreno Carreño, Hernando


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La formación de los bomberos es un proceso que incluye contenidos prácticos sobre cómo actuar ante incendios forestales y urbanos. La utilización de simuladores físicos tiene limitaciones impuestas por las condiciones de seguridad requeridas. Realizar prácticas controladas en condiciones reales está también altamente limitado por razones de factibilidad y de seguridad. Por tanto, la utilización de sistemas de entrenamiento de Realidad Virtual tiene especial relevancia.Las aportaciones de esta tesis están centradas en tres aspectos. El primero es el desarrollo de un entorno virtual para la simulación del entrenamiento e bomberos. Los escenarios considerados incluyen entornos forestales urbanos y mixtos. El entorno virtual puede ser accedido por bomberos que asumen distintos roles.El segundo es la generación de los algoritmos necesarios de la propagación y extinción de incendios dentro de los parámetros de interactividad del simulador. Para cumplir estos requisitos, se ha reducido la complejidad algorítmica a los elementos más fundamentales, entre ellos, la pendiente del terreno y la velocidad y dirección del viento. Además, se han añadido diversos efectos que aportan realismo a la propagación del fuego y su extinción: Spotting Fires, evaporación, modelo WaterJet.La definición de los escenarios incluye la clasificación del terreno o uso del suelo, los edificios y las barreras. La reconstrucción de escenarios reales a partir de información existente plantea problemas de heterogeneidad entre las distintas fuentes. La tercera aportación de esta tesis presenta las tecnologías semánticas como herramientas para solucionar los problemas de heterogeneidad de los datos y los distintos roles de los usuarios del sistema.

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El complejo de especies Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria está compuesto por diferentes especies de hongos filamentosos. De las cinco más habituales y utilizadas en este estudio existen tres especies de patógenos oportunistas clínicamente importantes, S. apiospermum, S prolificans y S. aurantiacum, que generan scedosporiosis especialmente en individuos inmuncocomprometidos. El aumento del número de este tipo de pacientes en los últimos años está elevando la incidencia de los casos de scedoporiosis. Scedosporium spp. se encuentran frecuentemente en hábitats humanizados y con presencia de contaminación. En este trabajo, se ha realizado un estudio para determinar su presencia en algunos hábitats de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV) y conocer su distribución, empleando técnicas microbiológicas y moleculares. No se aisló ninguna cepa del género en las playas de la CAPV, mientras que si que se encontraron en parques urbanos, aislándose la mayor cantidad de cepas y variedad de especies del género en las muestras de Araba. Por otro lado, se identificaron las especies del género mediante PCR, encontrándose cepas de S. prolificans, S. aurantiacum, S. dehoogii y P. minutispora. Además, se comprobó que los primers disponibles S. apiospermum no permitían discriminarlo del resto de especies.

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Candida albicans es un hongo dimórfico capaz de desencadenar una respuesta proinflamatoria mediada por citocinas que incrementa la adhesión de células tumorales al endotelio hepático, favoreciendo así el proceso de metástasis. La proteína Kre9 de C. albicans está relacionada con la citocina IL-1β, la cual participa en la cascada proinflamatoria. Para estudiar el efecto de la proteína Kre9 en la actividad prometastática de C. albicans, esta se clonó en Escherichia coli mediante el vector comercial pETBlue-2; seguidamente se expresó y purificó mediante cromatografía. Los resultados indican que el procedimiento se llevó a cabo correctamente ya que se identificó la presencia de la proteína mediante SDS-PAGE y Western Blot. Por último, se retiraron las endotoxinas de la muestra mediante tratamiento con agarosa-polimixina y se determinó la concentración final de proteína y endotoxinas.

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El pez cebra (Danio rerio) se utiliza como organismo modelo en distintos campos como la biomedicina o la toxicogenómica. Las ventajas que ofrece frente a otros modelos animales, hace que se haya convertido en los últimos años en uno de los organismos modelo más utilizado en experimentación. La similitud de su desarrollo embrionario con el de otros vertebrados superiores o la semejanza de su genoma con la del ser humano lo han colocado en el punto de mira de las principales investigaciones. Pero disponer de ejemplares óptimos tanto de embriones como de adultos para su utilización en investigación, requiere de unos cuidados y de una atención adecuada. Para su mantenimiento se deberán tener en cuenta el tipo de instalaciones para su cría, la calidad del agua donde se encuentran, la alimentación que reciben o los procesos de reproducción utilizados. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido elaborar un protocolo de mantenimiento del pez cebra, que optimice los cuidados necesarios para que el número de embriones viables sea máximo y también poder mantener un número de ejemplares adultos en buenas condiciones.

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During the research that it is summarized in the present memory, the activation of enals via iminium ion catalysis in different transformations has been studied. Firstly, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between stable azomethine ylides and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a chiral imidazolidinone derivative has been optimized. Employing this methodology we have synthesized a large range of densely substituted pyrroloisoquinolines and pyrrolophthalazines with good yields and high values of diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Moreover, a mechanistic study has been carried out based on DFT calculations and experimental data which have allowed us to propose that the (3+2) cycloaddition reaction follows a sequential Michael addition/Mannich cyclization pathway. The formation of the iminium ion as a result of the condensation between the a,b-unsaturated aldehyde and the catalyst plays an essential role, regarding both reactivity and stereoselectivity. On the other hand we have developed a methodology to carry out a cascade Michael/Henry reaction followed by a sequential dehydration. Starting from simple substrates (2-nitromethylacrilates and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes) and employing a prolinol-derivative catalyst a series of quiral nitrocyclohexadienes have been synthesized.

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Background: Type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) are enriched in the hypothalamus, particularly in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) that participates in homeostatic and behavioral functions including food intake. Although CB1R activation modulates excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain, CB1R contribution to the molecular architecture of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic terminals in the VMH is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the precise subcellular distribution of CB1R in the VMH to better understand the modulation exerted by the endocannabinoid system on the complex brain circuitries converging into this nucleus. Methodology/Principal Findings: Light and electron microscopy techniques were used to analyze CB1R distribution in the VMH of CB1R-WT, CB1R-KO and conditional mutant mice bearing a selective deletion of CB1R in cortical glutamatergic (Glu-CB1R-KO) or GABAergic neurons (GABA-CB1R-KO). At light microscopy, CB1R immunolabeling was observed in the VMH of CB1R-WT and Glu-CB1R-KO animals, being remarkably reduced in GABA-CB1R-KO mice. In the electron microscope, CB1R appeared in membranes of both glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals/preterminals. There was no significant difference in the percentage of CB1R immunopositive profiles and CB1R density in terminals making asymmetric or symmetric synapses in CB1R-WT mice. Furthermore, the proportion of CB1R immunopositive terminals/preterminals in CB1R-WT and Glu-CB1R-KO mice was reduced in GABA-CB1R-KO mutants. CB1R density was similar in all animal conditions. Finally, the percentage of CB1R labeled boutons making asymmetric synapses slightly decreased in Glu-CB1R-KO mutants relative to CB1R-WT mice, indicating that CB1R was distributed in cortical and subcortical excitatory synaptic terminals. Conclusions/Significance: Our anatomical results support the idea that the VMH is a relevant hub candidate in the endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission of cortical and subcortical pathways regulating essential hypothalamic functions for the individual's survival such as the feeding behavior.

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Radar services are occasionally affected by wind farms. This paper presents a comprehensive description of the effects that a wind farm may cause on the different radar services, and it compiles a review of the recent research results regarding the mitigation techniques to minimize this impact. Mitigation techniques to be applied at the wind farm and on the radar systems are described. The development of thorough impact studies before the wind farm is installed is presented as the best way to analyze in advance the potential for interference, and subsequently identify the possible solutions to allow the coexistence of wind farms and radar services.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease of complex aetiology, with much of the expected inherited risk being due to several common low risk variants. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified 20 CRC risk variants. Nevertheless, these have only been able to explain part of the missing heritability. Moreover, these signals have only been inspected in populations of Northern European origin. Results: Thus, we followed the same approach in a Spanish cohort of 881 cases and 667 controls. Sixty-four variants at 24 loci were found to be associated with CRC at p-values <10-5. We therefore evaluated the 24 loci in another Spanish replication cohort (1481 cases and 1850 controls). Two of these SNPs, rs12080929 at 1p33 (P-replication=0.042; P-pooled=5.523x10(-03); OR (CI95%)=0.866(0.782-0.959)) and rs11987193 at 8p12 (P-replication=0.039; P-pooled=6.985x10(-5); OR (CI95%)=0.786(0.705-0.878)) were replicated in the second Phase, although they did not reach genome-wide statistical significance. Conclusions: We have performed the first CRC GWAS in a Southern European population and by these means we were able to identify two new susceptibility variants at 1p33 and 8p12 loci. These two SNPs are located near the SLC5A9 and DUSP4 loci, respectively, which could be good functional candidates for the association signals. We therefore believe that these two markers constitute good candidates for CRC susceptibility loci and should be further evaluated in other larger datasets. Moreover, we highlight that were these two SNPs true susceptibility variants, they would constitute a decrease in the CRC missing heritability fraction.

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152 p. : il.

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356 p. : il., graf. Nota: Contiene versión resumida en inglés p.237-256 con el título “Subcellular architecture of the endocannabinoid system in the mouse ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus”

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The work presented here is part of a larger study to identify novel technologies and biomarkers for early Alzheimer disease (AD) detection and it focuses on evaluating the suitability of a new approach for early AD diagnosis by non-invasive methods. The purpose is to examine in a pilot study the potential of applying intelligent algorithms to speech features obtained from suspected patients in order to contribute to the improvement of diagnosis of AD and its degree of severity. In this sense, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been used for the automatic classification of the two classes (AD and control subjects). Two human issues have been analyzed for feature selection: Spontaneous Speech and Emotional Response. Not only linear features but also non-linear ones, such as Fractal Dimension, have been explored. The approach is non invasive, low cost and without any side effects. Obtained experimental results were very satisfactory and promising for early diagnosis and classification of AD patients.

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1-42 beta-Amyloid (A beta(1-42)) peptide is a key molecule involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Some of its effects are manifested at the neuronal morphological level. These morphological changes involve loss of neurites due to cytoskeleton alterations. However, the mechanism of A beta(1-42) peptide activation of the neurodegenerative program is still poorly understood. Here, A beta(1-42) peptide-induced transduction of cellular death signals through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphoinositol- dependent kinase (PDK)/novel protein kinase C (nPKC)/Rac 1 axis is described. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 and nPKC activities blocks Rac 1 activation and neuronal cell death. Our results provide insights into an unsuspected connection between PDK1, nPKCs and Rac 1 in the same signal-transduction pathway and points out nPKCs and Rac 1 as potential therapeutic targets to block the toxic effects of A beta(1-42) peptide in neurons.

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10 p.