Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema de comunicaciones integrales para ambulancias en redes de nueva generación

[ES]En este proyecto se diseña y se desarrolla todo lo necesario para la realización y el establecimiento de un sistema de comunicaciones integrales para ambulancias haciendo uso de redes de nueva generación, siguiendo la estructura de NGN (Next Generation Networking). Con este fin, se analiza en profundidad el funcionamiento habitual de las ambulancias y su metodología en el uso de los medios de comunicación actuales. De esta manera, el sistema se desarrollará cumpliendo todas las características de los medios de comunicación de emergencias actuales y supliendo las deficiencias de estos, siendo de relevancia todas las comunicaciones multimedia

The prevalence of diabetes-related complications and multimorbidity in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a diverse range of pathologies. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of diabetes-related complications, the prevalence of coexistent chronic conditions and to report multimorbidity in people with type 2 diabetes living in the Basque Country. Methods: Administrative databases, in four cross sections (annually from 2007 to 2011) were consulted to analyse 149,015 individual records from patients aged >= 35 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data observed were: age, sex, diabetes-related complications (annual rates of acute myocardial infarction, major amputations and avoidable hospitalisations), diabetes-related pathologies (prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, renal failure, stroke, heart failure, peripheral neuropathy, foot ulcers and diabetic retinopathy) and other unrelated pathologies (44 diseases). Results: The annual incidence for each condition progressively decreased during the four-year period: acute myocardial infarction (0.47 to 0.40%), major amputations (0.10 to 0.08%), and avoidable hospitalisations (5.85 to 5.5%). The prevalence for diabetes-related chronic pathologies was: ischaemic heart disease (11.5%), renal failure (8.4%), stroke (7.0%), heart failure (4.3%), peripheral neuropathy (1.3%), foot ulcers (2.0%) and diabetic retinopathy (7.2%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 90.4%. The highest prevalence for other chronic conditions was 73.7% for hypertension, 13.8% for dyspepsia and 12.7% for anxiety. Conclusions: In the type 2 diabetes mellitus population living in the Basque Country, incidence rates of diabetes complications are not as high as in other places. However, they present a high prevalence of diabetes related and unrelated diseases. Multimorbidity is very common in this group, and is a factor to be taken into account to ensure correct clinical management.

Improved Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Polypropylene/Polyamide-12 Blends

Compatibilized blends of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide-12 (PA12) as a second component were obtained by direct injection molding having first added 20% maleic anhydride-modified copolymer (PP-g-MA) to the PP, which produced partially grafted PP (gPP). A nucleating effect of the PA12 took place on the cooling crystallization of the gPP, and a second crystallization peak of the gPP appeared in the PA12-rich blends, indicating changes in the crystalline morphology. There was a slight drop in the PA12 crystallinity of the compatible blends, whereas the crystallinity of the gPP increased significantly in the PA12-rich blends. The overall reduction in the dispersed phase particle size together with the clear increase in ductility when gPP was used instead of PP proved that compatibilization occurred. Young's modulus of the blends showed synergistic behavior. This is proposed to be both due to a change in the crystalline morphology of the blends on the one hand and, on the other, in the PA12-rich blends, to the clear increase in the crystallinity of the gPP phase, which may, in turn, have been responsible for the increase in its continuity and its contribution to the modulus.

Aisialdi aktiboko enpresa berri baten negozio plana.

[EN]This project intends to establish a working path in order to create a company which will work on the leisure and tourist sector and will be located in Bizkaia. The company would offer adventure activities like water skiing, Jet Ski, kayak... To make sure the idea is profitable the project will entail some general stages: the market analysis, the marketing plan, the description of the idea and the economical and financial analysis. Apart of this the project will also contain some guidelines for the creation and subsequent management of the company, including the planning of human resources.

Análisis del nivel de sedentarismo mediante acelerometría y cuestionario IPAQ en personas con hipertensión primaria y sobrepeso u obesidad

Antecedentes: La hipertensión arterial y el sobrepeso u obesidad son considerados factores de riesgo cardiovascular, asociados de forma clara con el sedentarismo en la población adulta. La valoración del sedentarismo se puede realizar a través de métodos objetivos y subjetivos. Objetivos: Analizar el nivel de sedentarismo, mediante el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (AF) (IPAQ, método subjetivo) y acelerometría (método objetivo) en personas con HTA primaria y sobrepeso u obesidad. Determinar si existen diferencias entre ambos métodos de valoración y entre sexos. Métodos: Se llevaron a cabo las dos pruebas de valoración a 48 participantes del estudio EXERDIET-HTA (edad 51,9 ± 8,1 años). 1) Cuestionario IPAQ en versión corta que mide la AF realizada durante los últimos siete días. Los datos se clasificaron en tiempo sedentario, ligero, moderado o intenso según las recomendaciones generales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2) Acelerometría triaxial durante siete días portado en la muñeca no dominante. El tiempo dedicado a conductas sedentarias, así como las diferentes intensidades de AF (ligera, moderada, vigorosa y muy vigorosa), Kcal, METs y tiempo de sueño se calcularon para los días laborables y de fin de semana. Resultados: IPAQ presentó una media de 6 h/día en comportamientos sedentarios en ambos sexos. No se presentaron diferencias entre sexos. El 85,4% resulta sedentario. Acelerometría: Los participantes presentan 1,7±0,2 MET de media al día, considerado un valor metabólico de gasto calórico ligero. El tiempo de sueño diario fue de 6,6h. El gasto calórico diario se corresponde con comportamientos sedentarios entre semana para hombres y mujeres (2038,5±801,6 kcal) y sólo los hombres incrementan el gasto el fin de semana (P=0,036). Se observó que las mujeres realizan más minutos de AF a intensidad moderada que los hombres durante toda la semana (P=0,029). Se observaron diferencias de actividad entre los días entre semana y el fin de semana, con más tiempo de sedentarismo entre semana (P=0,040) y más AF ligera el fin de semana (P=0,003), resultando esta diferencia debida al cambio de actividad en los hombres pero no en las mujeres. Todos los participantes superan los 150 minutos de AF moderada que se recomienda en las guías mundiales según la acelerometría. Conclusiones: Las personas hipertensas y con sobrepeso u obesidad presentan en general conductas sedentarias. Los patrones de sueño podrían estar relacionados con la enfermedad. Sería necesario reducir las conductas sedentarias como prevención de la obesidad y del desarrollo prematuro de enfermedades cardiovasculares, fomentando la práctica regular de AF y mejorando los hábitos de alimentación.

Beneficios del ejercicio físico en mujeres que padecen osteoporosis: propuesta de un programa específico de 12 semanas

En este trabajo se ha elaborado un programa de ejercicio físico específico de 12 semanas para mujeres con osteoporosis.

Quantum ricochets: surface capture, release and energy loss of fast ions hitting a polar surface at grazing incidence

A diffraction mechanism is proposed for the capture, multiple bouncing and final escape of a fast ion (keV) impinging on the surface of a polarizable material at grazing incidence. Capture and escape are effected by elastic quantum diffraction consisting of the exchange of a parallel surface wave vector G= 2p/ a between the ion parallel momentum and the surface periodic potential of period a. Diffraction- assisted capture becomes possible for glancing angles F smaller than a critical value given by Fc 2- 2./ a-| Vim|/ E, where E is the kinetic energy of the ion,. = h/ Mv its de Broglie wavelength and Vim its average electronic image potential at the distance from the surface where diffraction takes place. For F< Fc, the ion can fall into a selected capture state in the quasi- continuous spectrum of its image potential and execute one or several ricochets before being released by the time reversed diffraction process. The capture, ricochet and escape are accompanied by a large, periodic energy loss of several tens of eV in the forward motion caused by the coherent emission of a giant number of quanta h. of Fuchs- Kliewer surface phonons characteristic of the polar material. An analytical calculation of the energy loss spectrum, based on the proposed diffraction process and using a model ion-phonon coupling developed earlier (Lucas et al 2013 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 25 355009), is presented, which fully explains the experimental spectrum of Villette et al (2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3137) for Ne+ ions ricocheting on a LiF(001) surface.

Ariketa fisikoaren onurak 9 eta 12 urte arteko umeen bizkarreko arazoetan: 12 asteko programa espezifiko baten proposamena

Bizkarreko arazoetan jarduera fisikoak duen garrantzia aztertzen da lan honetan, eta horrez gain, hamabi asteko jarduera fisikoko programa baten proposamena aurkezten da.

Gizentasuna pairatzen duten adineko pertsonentzako 12 asteko ariketa fisikoko programa espezifiko baten proposamena

Gizentasuna pairatzen duten adineko pertsonei bideratutako jarduera fisikoko programa proposamen bat da. Bertan gaiari buruzko azalpen teoriko basikoak agertzen dira eta ostean programa bera bere zehaztasunekin.

Menopausia duten emakumeentzako proiektua: 12 asteko ariketa fisikoko programa espezifikoa

Menopausia duten emakumeentzako jarduera fisikoko 12 asteko programa baten proposamena da.

Predictive score for mortality in patients with COPD exacerbations attending hospital emergency departments

Background: Limited information is available about predictors of short-term outcomes in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eCOPD) attending an emergency department (ED). Such information could help stratify these patients and guide medical decision-making. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical prediction rule for short-term mortality during hospital admission or within a week after the index ED visit. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with eCOPD attending the EDs of 16 participating hospitals. Recruitment started in June 2008 and ended in September 2010. Information on possible predictor variables was recorded during the time the patient was evaluated in the ED, at the time a decision was made to admit the patient to the hospital or discharge home, and during follow-up. Main short-term outcomes were death during hospital admission or within 1 week of discharge to home from the ED, as well as at death within 1 month of the index ED visit. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed in a derivation sample and validated in a validation sample. The score was compared with other published prediction rules for patients with stable COPD. Results: In total, 2,487 patients were included in the study. Predictors of death during hospital admission, or within 1 week of discharge to home from the ED were patient age, baseline dyspnea, previous need for long-term home oxygen therapy or non-invasive mechanical ventilation, altered mental status, and use of inspiratory accessory muscles or paradoxical breathing upon ED arrival (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.85). Addition of arterial blood gas parameters (oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures (PO2 and PCO2)) and pH) did not improve the model. The same variables were predictors of death at 1 month (AUC = 0.85). Compared with other commonly used tools for predicting the severity of COPD in stable patients, our rule was significantly better. Conclusions: Five clinical predictors easily available in the ED, and also in the primary care setting, can be used to create a simple and easily obtained score that allows clinicians to stratify patients with eCOPD upon ED arrival and guide the medical decision-making process.

Number of Players and Relative Pitch Area per Player: Comparing Their Influence on Heart Rate and Physical Demands in Under-12 and Under-13 Football Players

The aim of the present study is to analyse the influence of different large-sided games (LSGs) on the physical and physiological variables in under-12s (U12) and -13s (U13) soccer players. The effects of the combination of different number of players per team, 7, 9, and 11 (P7, P9, and P11, respectively) with three relative pitch areas, 100, 200, and 300 m(2) (A100, A200, and A300, respectively), were analysed in this study. The variables analysed were: 1) global indicator such as total distance (TD); work:rest ratio (W:R); player-load (PL) and maximal speed (V-max); 2) heart rate (HR) mean and time spent in different intensity zones of HR (<75%, 75-84%, 84-90% and >90%), and; 3) five absolute (<8, 8-13, 13-16 and >16 Km h(-1)) and three relative speed categories (<40%, 40-60% and >60% V-max). The results support the theory that a change in format (player number and pitch dimensions) affects no similarly in the two players categories. Although it can seem that U13 players are more demanded in this kind of LSG, when the work load is assessed from a relative point of view, great pitch dimensions and/or high number of player per team are involved in the training task to the U12 players. The results of this study could alert to the coaches to avoid some types of LSGs for the U12 players such as:P11 played in A100, A200 or A300, P9 played in A200 or A300 and P7 played in A300 due to that U13>U12 in several physical and physiological variables (W:R, time spent in 84-90% HRmax, distance in 8-13 and 13-16 Km h(-1) and time spent in 40-60% V-max). These results may help youth soccer coaches to plan the progressive introduction of LSGs so that task demands are adapted to the physiological and physical development of participants.