Les petites pêches côtières et estuariennes Françaises du sud du golfe de Gascogne. Typologie des flottilles et approche socio-économique et commerciale

The European contract PECOSUDE (Small inshore fisheries of the south of Europe) accepted in 2000 for 2 years concerns French, Spanish and Portuguese partners. The aim is to assess the inshore and estuarine fisheries from Loire estuary to Portugal. Three levels of study are considered : fisheries (data 1999), socioeconomy and marketing (data 1999 or 2000). Exploitation in the 12 miles area for France and on continental shelf for northern Spain and Portugal (within 1000 m depth), as well as the fishing period lower than 96 hours was determined as the definition of this fishery for the study. Socioeconomic analyses are made only on boats smaller than 15 m. The fisheries part analyses the activity of the fishing vessels taking into account gears used, landed species, areas and fishing seasons. Within the 39 harbours of the south Bay of Biscay 1 799 coastal or estuarine vessels with 3 580 fishermen are located. Statics gears are predominant, and more than half of the vessels are polyvalent (using several gears). In 1999, landings were 20 6441 weight for 84 M¿ value. The fishing activity of these boats was also analysed by typology of the fleet, based on fishing gears and/or species landed. These characterisations allowed the application of stratified sampling for the implementation of socioeconomic investigations. The analysis of the information received from the fishermen allow to describe the production factors, to estimate their costs, as well as the turnover, the richness creation and the efficiency of the production means. The capital value of the south Bay of Biscay " ship " is established about 94 k¿, the average turnover amount to 83 k¿ and the average rate of added value to 70%. Products commercialisation vary from component to component, the importance of the sells in auction places depends on the landed species. Some valuable species are directly sold to particular

Analyse du rôle de l'IFREMER dans l'instruction du dossier Salmor

This report describes the contribution made by IFREMER in the various stages of installation of a new salmon culture in barge's tanks moored in Morlaix Bay. Tacking into account the opposition to this project, including direct criticism of the role of IFREMER, a considerable effort is made to provide detailed environmental impact data to the appropriate Government office

Two “pillars” of cold-water coral reefs along Atlantic European margins: Prevalent association of Madrepora oculata with Lophelia pertusa, from reef to colony scale

The scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa has been the focus of deep-sea research since the recognition of the vast extent of coral reefs in North Atlantic waters two decades ago, long after their existence was mentioned by fishermen. These reefs where shown to provide habitat, concentrate biomass and act as feeding or nursery grounds for many species, including those targeted by commercial fisheries. Thus, the attention given to this cold-water coral (CWC) species from researchers and the wider public has increased. Consequently, new research programs triggered research to determine the full extent of the corals geographic distribution and ecological dynamics of “Lophelia reefs”. The present study is based on a systematic standardised sampling design to analyse the distribution and coverage of CWC reefs along European margins from the Bay of Biscay to Iceland. Based on Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) image analysis, we report an almost systematic occurrence of Madrepora oculata in association with L. pertusa with similar abundances of both species within explored reefs, despite a tendency of increased abundance of L. pertusa compared to M. oculata toward higher latitudes. This systematic association occasionally reached the colony scale, with “twin” colonies of both species often observed growing next to each other when isolated structures were occurring off-reefs. Finally, several “false chimaera” were observed within reefs, confirming that colonial structures can be “coral bushes” formed by an accumulation of multiple colonies even at the inter-specific scale, with no need for self-recognition mechanisms. Thus, we underline the importance of the hitherto underexplored M. oculata in the Eastern Atlantic, re-establishing a more balanced view that both species and their yet unknown interactions are required to better elucidate the ecology, dynamics and fate of European CWC reefs in a changing environment.

Evaluation du stock de coquilles Saint-Jacques de la Baie de Seine et du Proche Extérieur. COMOR 32 (8-23 juillet 2002)

Scientific scallop surveys called COMOR are carried out in the bay of Seine since 1976. Results are used by fishermen’ associations and by fishing administration to lead management measures. In this report, the scientific results of the survey COMOR 32 realised in July 2002 are described. Abundance and growth indices for scallop, by age and area, are presented. During these surveys, data about most abundant benthic species are also collected since 1998. A first assessment with five years data is made here. A global descriptive analysis is undertaken about all the species present on scallops grounds. A special zoom is applied on both species whitch could be exploited (whelk Buccinum undatum and queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis) and three competitive species (starfish Asterias rubens, American slipper-limpet Crepidula fornicata and brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis)

RAIMOUEST : la pêcherie française de raies dans le golfe normand-breton

The landing ban of Raja undulata has raised misunderstanding for French fishermen, particularly for those fishing in the Norman‐Breton gulf (Southeast of ICES Division VIIe) where this species is very abundant. In this context, the RAIMOUEST project was launched as a professional and scientist partnership in order to enhance fisheries data on the main ray species caught in the Norman-Breton Gulf (Raja undulata, Raja brachyura, Raja clavata, Raja montagui and Raja microocellata). The French ray fisheries fleet was identified and a sample of fishermen involved in rays fishing was interviewed. Landings and effort data (logbooks), auctions sales and sampling at sea aboard professional fishing vessels were analysed. This working document presents the current results of this study. The French fleet concerned by ray fishing in the Normand-Breton Gulf in 2012 was composed of 289 vessels, mainly coastal trawlers/dredgers and small length size netters and longliners. R. undulata is the main ray species in this area. This species seems to form a local stock in the Normand-Breton Gulf with some continuity in the Eastern English Channel and the Western part of the Western English Channel. Three ways of analysis were used to provide an indicative level of R. undulata stock: French landings before 2009 were estimated at least at 300 tons in the Western English Channel (VIIe) and 160 tons in the Normand-Breton Gulf; sales at auctions of the Basse-Normandie fleet before 2009 were estimated at 235 tons in the western English Channel and 35 tons in the eastern English Channel (VIId); discards by the French bottom trawl fleet in ICES Division VIIe in 2012 and 2013 were estimated at 750 tons. Information on the spatial distribution of the other ray species in the English Channel was also provided. The coastal localisation of nursery for R. undulata and R. clavata was highlighted.

Campagne SELECT 13 N/O Gwen-Drez - Du 10 au 28 avril 1997

Influence of the nature of the twine on the codend selectivity: Reminder: During the “SELECT 12” campaign in April 1996, we demonstrated that the nature of the material used for the manufacture of the trawl codend has an influence on the selectivity. Results showed that the use of single twine made of polyamide in the codend was more selective on hake and Nephrops than single twine made of polyethylene. Nevertheless single twine made of polyamide codend loses “flexibility” with use and therefore a study should be done to investigate its impact on selectivity (fishermen do not often use this equipment: however this 150 mesh net is particularly selective and it would be premature to discard it). Influence of the diameter of the twine and the mesh number on the selectivity of codends: These results show the high variability of codend charactistics tested on hake. The parameters tested during this campaign - e.g., diameter of the twine and mesh number (length of codend) - influence the selectivity of codends. It seems that the capture volume and the length of the codend are essential for the selectivity, while the nature of the equipment is secondary. However each parameter should be investigated in a future campaign. Furthermore, any regulatory measure that would seek to suppress the use of double twine polyethylene codend would be premature. Perspective: further experiment should be considered with the standard polyamide codend of 32.5 mm. • An additional experiment with the 100 mesh and 65 mm polyethylene double twine test codend to determine the influence of the mesh number on the selectivity; • An additional experiment with the 100 mesh deep and 65 mm polyethylene double twine (4 mm diameter) test codend to determine the influence of the diameter of the twine on the selectivity.

PECHTRAD 2014 - Description et analyse des données de pêches traditionnelles à pied sur les platiers récifaux de la Réserve Nationale Marine de La Réunion.

This study aimed to build two databases, the first on the historic effort and catches of the traditional small-scale fisheries from 1999 till 2014, and the second one on the traditional management of fishing licenses. The first database allows for a synthetic analysis of the results obtained on the fishing activities of beach-seine, fishing rod and on octopuses, in terms of effort and catch per area and year. Technical and scientific supports were supplied implementing survey protocols and supervision of a student, both within the framework of the small-scale traditional fisheries. The study supported traditional fishermen with the mediation process for regulation revisions for the fishing activities in the MPA areas.