3 resultados para commun

em Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer


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With the constant rising of the human population, it is essential to assess and manage the exploitation of the marine species for human consumption such as the anchovy of Bay of Biscay. Thanks to the PELGAS annual surveys, stocks of each species are estimated (biomass, repartition) and studies are undertaken to improve our knowledge about these species. Allozymic studies realized on the anchovy allowed to find a correlation between 2 alleles of the locus IDH and the habitat (depth). This allozyme has a key role in Krebs’ cycle,being speed limiting.. It enables to tolerate variations of temperature and dissolved oxygen. It would be interesting to do new research on variations in the anchovy’s environment and its migrations.

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L'enjeu du sous-projet 4 «Gestion des Ressources des Pêches de Poitou-Charentes» est de fournir une information pertinente pour une gestion responsable des ressources des pêches de Poitou-Charentes garante de la durabilité de leur exploitation. Le sous-projet se focalise sur quatre espèces phares de la production halieutique régionale ainsi que sur certaines interactions estimées critiques entre les pêches régionales et d'autres activités. La coquille Saint-Jacques et le pétoncle noir constituent deux ressources majeures pour la pêche dans les pertuis Charentais. Leur importance devrait encore croître avec la limitation la pêche de la civelle envisagée dans le cadre du plan de gestion de l'anguille. Les travaux ont pour objectif le maintien de la pêche des pectinidés pour d'une part, l'adaptation de l'effort de pêche à l'état de ces ressources et d'autre part en progressant dans les capacités de contrôle de l'abondance et de la qualité de ces ressources. La sole et l'anguille sont en valeur les deux premières espèces exploitées du golfe de Gascogne. Elles ont en commun un état préoccupant justifiant des mesures européennes de gestion de leur pêche. Cette partie vise à mieux connaître la contribution des pertuis charentais à la dynamique de ces deux stocks, l'impact sur ceux-ci des diverses activités humaines régionales et aussi d'apprécier l'impact sur les pêches charentaises des mesures de conservation prises pour ces deux ressources majeures au niveau national mais aussi régional.

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Otoliths are calcified structures located in Osteichthyes’ inner ear that are involved in audition and balance. Their morphology is used as an indicator of various ecological processes or properties. This application requires identifying the endogenous and exogenous factors that act simultaneously as sources of shape variation. This thesis aims at detecting and quantifying the relative contributions of directional asymmetry and diet to otolith shape variation at the intra-population level. Directional asymmetry between left and right otoliths was found in flat-fishes, the blind-side otolith being always longer and larger, whereas it was negligible in round-fishes. However, asymmetry amplitude never exceeded 18 %, which suggests evolutionary canalization of otolith shape symmetry. A correlation between global diet and otolith was detected in 4 species studied in situ. Diet composition contributed more than food amount to morphological variation and affected otolith shape both globally and locally. An experimental study on sea bass (Dicentrarchus larbrax) showed that diet composition in terms of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids at larval stage affects otolith morphogenesis during juvenile stage without impacting on individuals’ somatic growth. This result suggests a direct effect of diet on otolith shape and not an indirect one through the somatic-otolith growth relationship. This effect disappeared at later stages, morphogenetic trajectories converging back to a similar shape, which suggests ontogenetic canalization of otolith shape.