3 resultados para Rétention au programme

em Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer


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Au cours de la période considérée, il a été effectué 4 cycles d'élevage larvaire complets et 5 cycles d'élevage post-larvaire matérialisant une importante évolution quantitative par rapport aux deux années antérieures du programme. Le protocole, décrit dans le rapport d'avancement des travaux 1988, n'a pas subi d'aménagements majeurs saufen matière de conditionnement des géniteurs. Malgré les progrès réalisés dans la production de larves "D" et en survie larvaire, il n'a pas été possible d'obtenir un nombre de post-larves significatif de Pecten jacobaeus pour cause de mortalité à la fixation. En revanche, un essai mené en parallèle à partir de pédivéligères de Pecten maximus, originaires d'Argenton, s'est soldé par l'obtention de près de 30.000 naissains dans des conditions de rendement satisfaisants. Enfin, le suivi mensuel de l'indice gonadique de la population naturelle de Pecten jacobaeus, associé à un examen histologique des gonades pendant une année, a permis de préciser pour la première fois en Méditerranée française le cycle de reproduction, ainsi que la période optimale de réponse à un stimuli de déclenchement de ponte.

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Two oyster species are currently present along the French coasts : the indigenous European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), that has been introduced from Japan since the beginning of the 70ies. The flat oyster successively suffered from two protozoan diseases during the 60ies and its production decreased from 20 000 tons/year by that time to 1 500 tons/year nowadays. Consequently, the oyster production is principally (99%) based upon the Pacific oyster species with approximately 150 000 tons/year among which 90% are grown from the natural spat. However, the hatchery production of this species is developing and was estimated to 400 to 800 millions spat in 2002. Moreover, strengthened relationships between IFREMER and the 5 commercial hatcheries, that all joined the SYSAAF (Union of the French poultry, shellfish and fish farming selectors), allow to plan for new genetic breeding programs. At the end of the 80ies, IFREMER initiated a genetic breeding program for the resistance of the European flat oyster to the bonamiosis, and obtained strains more tolerant to this disease. After two generations of massal selection, molecular markers had identified a reduced genetic basis in this program. It was then reoriented to an intra-familial selection. However, we were confronted to a zootechnic problem to manage such a scheme and we compromised by an intra-cohorts of families selection scheme managed using molecular markers. The program has now reached the transfer level with experimentation at a professional scale. Concerning the Pacific cupped oyster, and in parallel with the obtaining and the study of polyploids, performance of different Asian cupped oyster strains were compared to the one introduced in France thirty years ago and currently suffering from summer mortalities. The local strain exhibited better performance, certainly based upon a good local adaptation. In other respects, although early growth is a relevant criteria for selection for growth to commercial stage, it is not to be privileged in the context of an oyster producing region with a limited food availability. Contrary, the spat summer mortality became a priority for numerous teams (genetic, physiology, pathology, ecology,...) joined in the MOREST program. The first results showed important survival differences between fullsib and halsib families. They indicate a genetic determinism to this character "survival" and promote for its selection.

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En 1978, lors d'une mission de prospection, un chercheur de l'Institut scientifique et technique des Pêches maritimes (I.S.T.P.M.) a localisé un petit peuplement d'Eucheuma spinosum aux Antilles, à l'est de l'île Saint-Martin. On sait que cette algue rouge contient un colloide (iota carraghenane) de haute qualité. Elle pourrait faire l'objet d'une culture rentable si sa productivité s'avérait suffisante. Le but principal du programme qui a été entrepris consiste à définir cette productivité et à rechercher les lieux ainsi que les conditions pour qu'elle soit maximale.