7 resultados para Insuffisance rénale au stade prédialyse
em Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer
Resumo:
The study of maturation and spawning of the oyster is part of a research program to investigate the summer mortalities of the oysters, Crassostrea gigas in Marennes-Oléron Bay. Four maturity stages were simultaneously obtained by diet and thermal conditioning (immature, low maturation, mature and post-spawning stages). Measurements of clearance, filtration, absorption and respiration rates allowed a calculation of the scope for growth and hence an estimation of the oyster's energetic budget at various maturity stages. Male and female oysters had similar physiological responses. The filtration rate ranged from 2.4 to 2.6 1.h(-1) at the early stages of maturation and decreased to 1.8 1.h.' during the maturity stage. Growth rate resulting from gonad development did not induce filtration rate changes. Mature 2.5 and 1.5-year-old oysters showed a negative energy budget reaching -15 and -90 J.h(-1) respectively. By contrast, non-ripe oysters had scope for growth in the range 110 to 170 J.h(-1). A negative energy budget during the high maturation stage resulted from a reduced absorption efficiency. A new allometric relationship for the respiration model of C. gigas was defined during vitellogenesis with a 0.574 coefficient value. Based on Our results, the oyster's physiological weakness during vitellogenesis should be considered as a part of explanation for spring and summer mortalities of cultured oysters in Marennes-Oléron Bay.
Resumo:
The study of sexual maturation and spawning in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is part of a vast research programme that endeavours to understand the causes of mortality that occur sporadically during the spring and summer seasons in the Marennes-Oléron Bay. Thermal and diet conditioning were used to obtain oysters at each stage of maturity simultaneously. Using the measured rates of clearance, consumption, absorption and respiration provided estimates of growth potential and gave the energetic budget of oysters at different stages of sexual maturity. Physiological responses were similar for males and females. Filtration decreased from 2.4 to 2.6 l.h (-1) to 1.8 l.h (-1) with increasing maturity. Weight gain was associated with gonad development and did not appear to have an effect on the clearance rate. Oysters 2.5 years old showed a negative energy budget (-15 J h (-1)) at later maturity stages. This deficit was confirmed (90 J.h (-1)) in oysters 1.5 years old at the same stage of maturity. On the contrary, immature oysters, in the early stages of maturity or post-spawning, had a growth potential of 110 to 170 J.h (-1). The energy deficit observed at later stages of maturity was primarily due to absorption, which decreased sharply during peak gametogenesis. Using measured respiration rates, an allometric relationship specific to gonad growth was determined with a coefficient of 0.574. Low physiological performance of oysters, observed at later stages of sexual maturity, must be taken into account in research on the factors responsible for spring and summer mortalities affecting oyster farms in Marennes-Oléron.
Resumo:
Two oyster species are currently present along the French coasts : the indigenous European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), that has been introduced from Japan since the beginning of the 70ies. The flat oyster successively suffered from two protozoan diseases during the 60ies and its production decreased from 20 000 tons/year by that time to 1 500 tons/year nowadays. Consequently, the oyster production is principally (99%) based upon the Pacific oyster species with approximately 150 000 tons/year among which 90% are grown from the natural spat. However, the hatchery production of this species is developing and was estimated to 400 to 800 millions spat in 2002. Moreover, strengthened relationships between IFREMER and the 5 commercial hatcheries, that all joined the SYSAAF (Union of the French poultry, shellfish and fish farming selectors), allow to plan for new genetic breeding programs. At the end of the 80ies, IFREMER initiated a genetic breeding program for the resistance of the European flat oyster to the bonamiosis, and obtained strains more tolerant to this disease. After two generations of massal selection, molecular markers had identified a reduced genetic basis in this program. It was then reoriented to an intra-familial selection. However, we were confronted to a zootechnic problem to manage such a scheme and we compromised by an intra-cohorts of families selection scheme managed using molecular markers. The program has now reached the transfer level with experimentation at a professional scale. Concerning the Pacific cupped oyster, and in parallel with the obtaining and the study of polyploids, performance of different Asian cupped oyster strains were compared to the one introduced in France thirty years ago and currently suffering from summer mortalities. The local strain exhibited better performance, certainly based upon a good local adaptation. In other respects, although early growth is a relevant criteria for selection for growth to commercial stage, it is not to be privileged in the context of an oyster producing region with a limited food availability. Contrary, the spat summer mortality became a priority for numerous teams (genetic, physiology, pathology, ecology,...) joined in the MOREST program. The first results showed important survival differences between fullsib and halsib families. They indicate a genetic determinism to this character "survival" and promote for its selection.
Resumo:
La station de mesure Molit entre dans la gamme de produits MAREL. Cette gamme est constituée d’outils développés pour l’observation en continu de paramètres hydrologiques. La bouée Molit a été déployée en baie de Vilaine du 2 mars 2011 au 22 septembre 2011. Cette station est équipée : - d’une sonde multipramètre MP6 qui mesure les paramètres : température, salinité, oxygène dissous, turbidité et fluorescence. Les mesures sont réalisées à 2 niveaux (surface et fond) avec une fréquence de une mesure horaire. - de deux analyseurs de nutriments (Chemini) mesurant les concentrations en nitrate et silicate avec une fréquence de une mesure toutes les 12 heures. Les données acquises par la bouée MOLIT sont transmises par liaison GSM numérique à la station de gestion Marel vilaine où elles sont validées. Un outil de contrôle qualité (OCQ) a été développé pour valider les données : elles peuvent être qualifiées selon 3 états : bon, douteux ou faux. Ils existent différents stades de validation : - stade T0.5 : pré-qualification automatique sur la base de seuils fixés avec 3 états : bon, douteux et faux. - Stade T1 : contrôle visuel et modification manuelle de l’état de qualité - Stade T2 : données corrigées (après étalonnage). Ce document synthétise les informations permettant de qualifier les données au stade T1 : - contrôles in-situ de la sonde multiparamètre réalisés par le laboratoire LER/MPL - historique des opérations de maintenance pendant la période de déploiement.
Resumo:
Un outil de contrôle qualité (OCQ) a été développé pour valider les données : elles peuvent être qualifiées selon 3 états : bon, douteux ou faux. Ils existent différents stades de validation : - stade T0.5 : pré-qualification automatique sur la base de seuils fixés avec 3 états : bon, douteux et faux. - Stade T1 : contrôle visuel et modification manuelle de l’état de qualité - Stade T2 : données corrigées (après étalonnage). Ce document synthétise les informations permettant de qualifier les données au stade T1 et T2 : - contrôles in-situ de la sonde multiparamètre réalisés par le laboratoire LER/MPL, - historique des opérations de maintenance pendant la période de déploiement, - constat de vérification des sondes multiparamètres après campagne.té et la fluorescence, en surface et fond)..
Resumo:
La station de mesure Molit entre dans la gamme des produits MAREL. Cette gamme est constituée d’outils développés pour l’observation en continu de paramètres hydrologiques. La bouée Molit a été déployée en baie de Vilaine du 22 février 2013 au 25 octobre 2013. Cette station est équipée d’une sonde multiparamètre MP6 qui mesure les paramètres : température, salinité, oxygène dissous, turbidité et fluorescence. Les mesures sont réalisées à 2 niveaux (surface et fond) avec une fréquence d’une mesure horaire. Les données acquises par la bouée MOLIT sont transmises par liaison GSM numérique à la station de gestion Marel Vilaine où elles sont validées. Les données peuvent être consultées sur le site web : http://www.ifremer.fr/co-en/. Un outil de contrôle qualité (OCQ) a été développé pour valider les données. Elles peuvent être qualifiées selon 3 états : bon, douteux ou faux. Ils existent différents stades de validation : - stade T0.5 : pré-qualification automatique sur la base de seuils fixés avec 3 états : bon, douteux et faux. - Stade T1 : contrôle visuel et modification manuelle de l’état de qualité - Stade T2 : données corrigées (après étalonnage). Ce document synthétise les informations permettant de qualifier les données au stade T1 et T2 : - contrôles in-situ de la sonde multiparamètre réalisés par le laboratoire LER/MPL, - historique des opérations de maintenance pendant la période de déploiement, - constat de vérification des sondes multiparamètres après campagne. En 2013, nous avons récupéré un seul constat de vérification après campagne (celui concernant la période du 3 juin au 8 août).
Resumo:
Otoliths are calcified structures located in Osteichthyes’ inner ear that are involved in audition and balance. Their morphology is used as an indicator of various ecological processes or properties. This application requires identifying the endogenous and exogenous factors that act simultaneously as sources of shape variation. This thesis aims at detecting and quantifying the relative contributions of directional asymmetry and diet to otolith shape variation at the intra-population level. Directional asymmetry between left and right otoliths was found in flat-fishes, the blind-side otolith being always longer and larger, whereas it was negligible in round-fishes. However, asymmetry amplitude never exceeded 18 %, which suggests evolutionary canalization of otolith shape symmetry. A correlation between global diet and otolith was detected in 4 species studied in situ. Diet composition contributed more than food amount to morphological variation and affected otolith shape both globally and locally. An experimental study on sea bass (Dicentrarchus larbrax) showed that diet composition in terms of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids at larval stage affects otolith morphogenesis during juvenile stage without impacting on individuals’ somatic growth. This result suggests a direct effect of diet on otolith shape and not an indirect one through the somatic-otolith growth relationship. This effect disappeared at later stages, morphogenetic trajectories converging back to a similar shape, which suggests ontogenetic canalization of otolith shape.