Etats Généraux de la Mer en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Auditorium de la Province Sud 5 et 6 juillet 2016. Déroulé, Participation, Enseignements

Ce texte de 76 pages, dont annexes, est le compte rendu du déroulé et des enseignements tirés des premiers Etats Généraux de la Mer qui se sont tenus les 5 et 6 juillet 2016 en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Auditorium de la Province Sud à Nouméa). Après un Préambule ce compte rendu explicite le déroulé, la participation, le cas des 6 tables rondes et de leur restitution, les discussions et enseignements. Ce texte fait également un point sur les éléments à améliorer et adresse des remerciements. 5 annexes complètent ce compte rendu. - Annexe 1 : Déroulé des Etats Généraux de la Mer - Annexe 2 : Diaporama de présentation du rapport de synthèse sur les enjeux maritimes de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. - Annexe 3 : Diaporama de présentation des activités et questions posées en Polynésie française - Annexe 4 : Diaporama de présentation des activités et questions posées au niveau national - Annexe 5 : Diaporamas de restitution des tables rondes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 et 6

Un drone marin écoresponsable vogue en Nouvelle-Calédonie

This text presents and explicits the story of a marine drone: the Wave Glider, designed and developed by Liquid Robotics, an American company of the Silicon Valley. The text specifies its functioning, directly dependent on energies that are the swell and the sun and its technical characteristics authorizing a set of measures of in situ parameters (sea temperature, salinity, currents, marine acoustics, video but also meteorological data acquisitions). A set of scientific or operational applications is also introduced. A detail is supplied on the first experience led in New Caledonia: inaugural mission of the drone Wave Glider, property of the Company Assystem, for a route between Nouméa and Lifou and return. Several perspectives of use of such a tool in New Caledonia and in the Pacific are proposed.

Apport d'un programme de génétique à une filière de production aquacole : l'exemple de l'ostréiculture

Two oyster species are currently present along the French coasts : the indigenous European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), that has been introduced from Japan since the beginning of the 70ies. The flat oyster successively suffered from two protozoan diseases during the 60ies and its production decreased from 20 000 tons/year by that time to 1 500 tons/year nowadays. Consequently, the oyster production is principally (99%) based upon the Pacific oyster species with approximately 150 000 tons/year among which 90% are grown from the natural spat. However, the hatchery production of this species is developing and was estimated to 400 to 800 millions spat in 2002. Moreover, strengthened relationships between IFREMER and the 5 commercial hatcheries, that all joined the SYSAAF (Union of the French poultry, shellfish and fish farming selectors), allow to plan for new genetic breeding programs. At the end of the 80ies, IFREMER initiated a genetic breeding program for the resistance of the European flat oyster to the bonamiosis, and obtained strains more tolerant to this disease. After two generations of massal selection, molecular markers had identified a reduced genetic basis in this program. It was then reoriented to an intra-familial selection. However, we were confronted to a zootechnic problem to manage such a scheme and we compromised by an intra-cohorts of families selection scheme managed using molecular markers. The program has now reached the transfer level with experimentation at a professional scale. Concerning the Pacific cupped oyster, and in parallel with the obtaining and the study of polyploids, performance of different Asian cupped oyster strains were compared to the one introduced in France thirty years ago and currently suffering from summer mortalities. The local strain exhibited better performance, certainly based upon a good local adaptation. In other respects, although early growth is a relevant criteria for selection for growth to commercial stage, it is not to be privileged in the context of an oyster producing region with a limited food availability. Contrary, the spat summer mortality became a priority for numerous teams (genetic, physiology, pathology, ecology,...) joined in the MOREST program. The first results showed important survival differences between fullsib and halsib families. They indicate a genetic determinism to this character "survival" and promote for its selection.