8 resultados para Estimation du débit de filtration glomérulaire

em Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer


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The study of maturation and spawning of the oyster is part of a research program to investigate the summer mortalities of the oysters, Crassostrea gigas in Marennes-Oléron Bay. Four maturity stages were simultaneously obtained by diet and thermal conditioning (immature, low maturation, mature and post-spawning stages). Measurements of clearance, filtration, absorption and respiration rates allowed a calculation of the scope for growth and hence an estimation of the oyster's energetic budget at various maturity stages. Male and female oysters had similar physiological responses. The filtration rate ranged from 2.4 to 2.6 1.h(-1) at the early stages of maturation and decreased to 1.8 1.h.' during the maturity stage. Growth rate resulting from gonad development did not induce filtration rate changes. Mature 2.5 and 1.5-year-old oysters showed a negative energy budget reaching -15 and -90 J.h(-1) respectively. By contrast, non-ripe oysters had scope for growth in the range 110 to 170 J.h(-1). A negative energy budget during the high maturation stage resulted from a reduced absorption efficiency. A new allometric relationship for the respiration model of C. gigas was defined during vitellogenesis with a 0.574 coefficient value. Based on Our results, the oyster's physiological weakness during vitellogenesis should be considered as a part of explanation for spring and summer mortalities of cultured oysters in Marennes-Oléron Bay.

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De janvier 1984 à mai 1986 des observations ont été réalisées au niveau du système de pompage et de filtration du terminal méthanier de Montoir (Loire-Atlantique) afin d'estimer l'impact de ces installations sur les juvéniles et adultes de poissons estuariens transitant dans le circuit. Il apparaît qu'une adaptation du système de nettoyage des tambours filtrants au calendrier des principales espèces concernées est souhaitable et que les larves et alevins de certaines espèces sensiblec (sprat, éperlan) ne résistent pas à ce traitement.

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The aim of this report is to provide biomass estimates (AFDW, g.m-2 ) of the four main components of the benthic food web in the southern part of the Bay of St-Brieuc: suspension-feeders, deposit-feeders, herbivores and carnivores. Patterns in the environmental data (i.e., sedimentary characters) are first analysed, and then related to the spatial distribution of communities ; both approaches use classical ordination techniques (PCA, correspondence analysis). A second typology, based on a review of published litterature concerning coastal macrozoobenthos feeding, ascribes each taxonomic unit to a trophic group. Finally, quantitative results are thus given per biota ; suspension-feeders appear to dominate (in terms of biomass) most of fine-sand habitats of the studied area.

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Le présent rapport est une nouvelle version du rapport intitulé « Estimation de l’exploitation halieutique des navires de pêche français ». Il restitue les résultats des traitements des « données VMS » en offrant une précision spatiale accrue en matière d’occupation de l’espace marin, d’origine géographique des débarquements, et de dépendance des navires à certains secteurs de pêche.

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The coastal zone of the Nord – Pas de Calais / Picardie showed dysfonctioning patterns of the ecosystem considered to be link to human activities along shores. These results in regular massive development of species, such as the phytoplanktonic seaweed, Phaeocystis sp. which life cycle was partly linked to nutrients availability and consequently to anthropogenic inputs. As part of the evaluation of the influence of continental inputs on the marine environment (nitrates, phosphates,…) and on potential eutrophication processes, of the estimation of the efficiency of the sewage treatments plants in the possible elimination of dumpings and in order to establish a long-term survey to follow up the change in coastal waters quality, the regional nutrients monitoring network was implemented by Ifremer in collaboration with the Agence de l'Eau Artois-Picardie in 1992 in order to complete the REPHY (Phytoplankton and Phycotoxins) monitoring programme. This study reports the main results for the year 2015 in terms of temporal change of the main physico-chemical and biological parameters characteristic of water masses sampled along three transects offshore Dunkerque, Boulogne-sur-Mer and the Bay of Somme.

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In this paper are given the first results of a quantitative study of the spawning of Pilchard Sardina pilchardus in the Gulf of Lion~during Winter 1975 and Winter 1976. The mean density of eggs at each station and their average abundance in the spawning area were estimated. The incubation time of eggs depending upon temperature was also calculated. En 1975 et 1976 une étude de la reproduction de la sardine dans le Golfe du Lion a été réalisée. Les premiers résultats de cette étude, qui a pour but d'évaluer quantitativement la ponte de cette espèce, permettent de donner une estimation moyenne de l'abondance des oeufs au cours d'une campagne. La durée de l'incubation en fonction de la tempé­rature a d'autre part été déterminée.

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La dynamique sédimentaire à l’embouchure de l’estuaire de Seine est principalement contrôlée par les forçages hydrométéorologiques (débit, vent, vagues, marée) et les fortes pressions anthropiques (endiguement, dragage, clapage). La compréhension et la quantification de la dynamique des flux sédimentaires en suspension (sable/vase) est un enjeu majeur, autant d’un point vu écologique (ex. turbidité, envasement) que financier (ex. gestion des chenaux de navigation). La mise en place de réseaux de mesure in situ permet une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique sédimentaire de l’estuaire, mais leur caractère local rend difficile toute estimation des flux et bilans sédimentaires. Pour répondre à ces questions, cette étude s’appuie sur la modélisation numérique, validée par de nombreuses séries de mesures in situ, afin de quantifier les flux et bilans sédimentaires à différentes échelles caractéristiques de temps et d'espace. Les concentrations simulées dans la zone d'extension du bouchon vaseux sont du même ordre que les observations et leur dynamique associée aux différentes phases et cycles de la marée, ainsi qu'au cycle hydrologique, est satisfaisante. L’analyse des flux résiduels et bilans sédimentaires aux échelles annuelle et trimestrielle a permis d’identifier un schéma de circulation à l’embouchure de l’estuaire et de quantifier l’importance du forçage hydrologique (crue/étiage) sur les échanges sédimentaires. Enfin, ce travail se poursuivra par l’étude de ces flux et bilans pour différents scénarios hydrométéorologiques contrastés.

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The aim of this thesis is to improve knowledge on mechanisms involved in the response to nitrogen limitation and in lipid accumulation in the microalgae haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea. The wild type strain and a lipid accumulating mutant strain were grown under different nitrogen limitation and starvation and analyzed by functional genomics. Four genes of high-affinity nitrate/nitrite transporter (Nrt2) were identified and characterized to reveal the mechanisms involved in mineral absorption in this species. Transcriptomes of both strains were sequenced and proteins affected by nitrogen starvation and differentially expressed between the two strains were identified. We so identified the functions regulated by nitrogen deficiency and potentially involved in the accumulation of storage lipids. The responses of both strains to thin variations of nitrogen limitation were studied. The results of high-throughput proteomic analyzes suggest that the lipid-accumulation in the mutant strain is the result of carbon metabolism impacted overall, this spurred on signaling mechanisms. Two proteins have been studied since probably involved in carbon and nitrogen remobilization from amino acids catabolism during nitrogen limitation. This work increases knowledge on haptophytes, and brings assumptions on metabolic key involved in nitrogen limitation and carbon allocation in microalgae.