3 resultados para Citoyenneté européenne

em Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer


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The implementation of the WFD in the French overseas takes into account local, morphological, climatic and socioeconomic peculiarities, as well as specificities of their ecosystems. This document provide an up-to-date assessment of the state of characteristics of the coastal water bodies, of development of indicators and of WFD monitoring programs in each of the French overseas departments: Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guyana, Reunion Island and Mayotte.

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Two oyster species are currently present along the French coasts : the indigenous European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), that has been introduced from Japan since the beginning of the 70ies. The flat oyster successively suffered from two protozoan diseases during the 60ies and its production decreased from 20 000 tons/year by that time to 1 500 tons/year nowadays. Consequently, the oyster production is principally (99%) based upon the Pacific oyster species with approximately 150 000 tons/year among which 90% are grown from the natural spat. However, the hatchery production of this species is developing and was estimated to 400 to 800 millions spat in 2002. Moreover, strengthened relationships between IFREMER and the 5 commercial hatcheries, that all joined the SYSAAF (Union of the French poultry, shellfish and fish farming selectors), allow to plan for new genetic breeding programs. At the end of the 80ies, IFREMER initiated a genetic breeding program for the resistance of the European flat oyster to the bonamiosis, and obtained strains more tolerant to this disease. After two generations of massal selection, molecular markers had identified a reduced genetic basis in this program. It was then reoriented to an intra-familial selection. However, we were confronted to a zootechnic problem to manage such a scheme and we compromised by an intra-cohorts of families selection scheme managed using molecular markers. The program has now reached the transfer level with experimentation at a professional scale. Concerning the Pacific cupped oyster, and in parallel with the obtaining and the study of polyploids, performance of different Asian cupped oyster strains were compared to the one introduced in France thirty years ago and currently suffering from summer mortalities. The local strain exhibited better performance, certainly based upon a good local adaptation. In other respects, although early growth is a relevant criteria for selection for growth to commercial stage, it is not to be privileged in the context of an oyster producing region with a limited food availability. Contrary, the spat summer mortality became a priority for numerous teams (genetic, physiology, pathology, ecology,...) joined in the MOREST program. The first results showed important survival differences between fullsib and halsib families. They indicate a genetic determinism to this character "survival" and promote for its selection.

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Ce recueil présente les résumés des campagnes océanographiques civiles qui se sont déroulées en 2003 sur les navires français ou en coopération sur d’autres navires. Les navires océanographiques français civils sont gérés par les organismes suivants : * CNRS/INSU (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers) * IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer) * IPEV (Institut Polaire Français – Paul Emile Victor) * IRD (Institut de Recherche et Développement, anciennement ORSTOM) Un navire de pêche de la société ‘Pleine Mer de la Houle’ a également participé à la collecte de données océanographiques. Les résumés de campagnes sont publiés annuellement dans ce recueil depuis l’année 1977, et archivés dans la base SISMER « Campagnes Océanographiques Françaises ». L’inventaire complet des campagnes océanographiques de la base française contient des informations de presque un siècle de mesures en mer et est accessible sur Internet à l’adresse suivante : www.ifremer.fr/sismer/catal/campagne/campagne.htm Sur le Serveur SISMER, d’autres informations sont également disponibles. Dans le cadre du programme « International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange » (IODE) de l’UNESCO/COI, ces résumés sont transmis au CIEM (Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer) pour alimenter l’inventaire mondial CSR (Cruise Summary Report, anciennement ROSCOP) des travaux océanographiques. Ces résumés sont également transmis aux centres mondiaux de données, respectivement à Washington, Obninsk et Pékin. Les informations campagnes sur le Pacifique Ouest sont aussi transmises au JODC (Japan Oceanographic Data Centre), centre responsable régional. La base internationale mondiale des résumés de campagnes est consultable sur le serveur du CIEM : www.ices.dk/ocean/roscop Les campagnes de l’Union Européenne sont consultables à partir du serveur SEA-SEARCH : www.sea-search.net