Interim report on surface water resources and quality of waters in Lee County, Florida

Report seeks to address following questions: 1. Where within Lee County are surface supplies of water located? 2. What are the variations in this supply? 3. What can be done to provide better answers to questions 1 and 2 than are available at the present time? (PDF contains 76 pages.)

Interim report on surface water resources of Baker County, Florida

The principal sources of surface-water supplies inBaker County are the St. Marys River and its tributaries. However, the flow of many of the small tributaries is intermittent, and without storage they are not dependable sources of supply during sustained periods of deficient rainfall. Of the six stream-gaging stations in Baker County for which complete records are available, one has been in operation for 31 years and provides a long-term record upon which to base correlative estimates for extending the short-term records at the other stations. All available streamflow data to 1957 have been summarized in graphic or tabular form. The hydrologic balance between minimum streamflows and increased evaporation losses afforded by potential shallow reservoirs provides design criteria for determining the maximum surface area of effective reservoir that can be created at a selected site within Baker County. This information has been presented in graphic and tabular form in the report. (PDF has 37 pages.)

Surface water resources of Polk County, Florida

The rapid increase in population in Polk County during the last decade has been accompanied by a several-fold increase in the number and complexity of problems pertaining tothe use andcontrolof the streams andlakes of the county. The increase in problems has increased the need for more information about the occurrence and movement of surface water. The primary purpose of this report is to give that information. Its secondary purpose is to give information that will promote an understanding of the nature and causes of the problems or that will aid in arriving at practical solutions. (PDF contains 133 pages.)

Ground water-surface water interactions sensor technology, Savannah, Georgia, March 7-9, 2005: workshop proceedings

The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) held a Workshop on Sensor Technology for Assessing Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in the Coastal Zone on March 7 to 9,2005 in Savannah, GA. The main goal of the workshop was to summarize the general parameters, which have been found to be useful in assessing groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions in the coastal zone. The workshop participants (Appendix I) were specifically charged with identifying the types of sensor systems, if any, that have been used to obtain time-series data and to make known which parameters may be the most amenable to the development/application of sensor technology. The group consisted of researchers, industry representatives, and environmental managers. Four general recommendations were made: 1. Educate coastal managers and agencies on the importance of GW-SW interactions, keeping in mind that regulatory agencies are driven by a different set of rules than researchers: the focus is on understanding the significance of the problem and providing solutions. ACT could facilitate this process in two ways. First, given that the research literature on this subject is fairly diffuse, ACT could provide links from its web site to fact sheets or other literature. Second, ACT could organize a focused meeting for managers and/or agency groups. Encourage development of primary tools for quantifying flow. The most promising technology in this respect is flow meters designed for flux chambers, mainly because they should be simple to use and can be made relatively inexpensively. However, it should be kept in mind that they provide only point measurements and several would need to be deployed as a network in order to obtain reliable flow estimates. For evaluating system wide GW-SW interactions, tools that integrate the signal over large areas would be required. Suggestions include a user-friendly hydrogeologic models, keeping in mind that freshwater flow is not the entire story, or continuous radon monitors. Though the latter would be slightly more difficult to use in terms of background knowledge, such an instrument would be low power and easy to operate and maintain. ACT could facilitate this recommendation by identifying funding opportunities on its web site and/or performing evaluations of existing technologies that could be summarized on the web site. (pdf contains 18 pages)

Nitrates in surface water, inputs and seasonality

Because of the widespread concern over increasing nitrate concentrations in river water , the Freshwater Biological Association has undertaken a study to investigate seasonality, nitrate concentrations and loads in the River Frome catchment in relation to land use and compare the results for 1984/86 with data obtained in 1970/71. Information on land use changes and fertiliser applications were obtained both from MAFF and individual farmers. The study concludes that input of nitrogen from rainfall to the River Frome catchment had not significantly changed between 1970/71 and 1984/86.

Surface water temperature of Windermere. Monthly and yearly totals of degree-days centigrade and monthly mean temperatures, 1933 to 1975

The surface temperature of Windermere has been recorded by the staff of the Freshwater Biological Association on every weekday (with a few minor exceptions) since 11 January 1933. This publication presents this information in a form which can easily be used by individual research workers. There are 43 tables (1 for each year, 1933-1975) which give the data, expressed as degree-days centigrade. The tables show for each month the number of degree-days above each temperature from 0 degree C to the highest recorded, at 1 degree C intervals. Mean temperatures are obtained by dividing the number of degree-days over 0 degree C by the relevant number of days. The advantage of degree-days rather than mean temperatures is that degree-days are additive so data for any desired periods may be combined quickly and simply. Seasonal results for spring, summer, autumn and winter are presented in tabular form, as are selected totals for comparisons between years. Further tables give the mean temperature in each month of the year, and the frequency distributions of monthly mean temperatures.

A Comparison of the bacterial flora of surface and sub-surface water of the sea off Ceylon

Under stable conditions of stratification of the sea, evidence of generic differences of the associated bacterial flora of the water masses has been obtained, between surface and sub-surface water. Gram negative rods, especially pseudomonads and achromobacters were more frequent at the surface. The fermentative and oxidase negative flora was more frequent in sub-surface water. The surface water in general had a greater variety of bacterial types while the sub-surface water had a flora with a greater range of biochemical activity. These results are discussed in relation to the hydrological condition of the water masses and the bacterial flora of freshly caught fish.

Preparation of environmental monitoring plan pattern for surface water quality in Iran (Case study: Gharehsou River)

Using water quality management programs is a necessary and inevitable way for preservation and sustainable use of water resources. One of the important issues in determining the quality of water in rivers is designing effective quality control networks, so that the measured quality variables in these stations are, as far as possible, indicative of overall changes in water quality. One of the methods to achieve this goal is increasing the number of quality monitoring stations and sampling instances. Since this will dramatically increase the annual cost of monitoring, deciding on which stations and parameters are the most important ones, along with increasing the instances of sampling, in a way that shows maximum change in the system under study can affect the future decision-making processes for optimizing the efficacy of extant monitoring network, removing or adding new stations or parameters and decreasing or increasing sampling instances. This end, the efficiency of multivariate statistical procedures was studied in this thesis. Multivariate statistical procedure, with regard to its features, can be used as a practical and useful method in recognizing and analyzing rivers’ pollution and consequently in understanding, reasoning, controlling, and correct decision-making in water quality management. This research was carried out using multivariate statistical techniques for analyzing the quality of water and monitoring the variables affecting its quality in Gharasou river, in Ardabil province in northwest of Iran. During a year, 28 physical and chemical parameters were sampled in 11 stations. The results of these measurements were analyzed by multivariate procedures such as: Cluster Analysis (CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA), and Discriminant Analysis (DA). Based on the findings from cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and factor analysis the stations were divided into three groups of highly polluted (HP), moderately polluted (MP), and less polluted (LP) stations Thus, this study illustrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of complex data sets, and in water quality assessment, identification of pollution sources/factors and understanding spatial variations in water quality for effective river water quality management. This study also shows the effectiveness of these techniques for getting better information about the water quality and design of monitoring network for effective management of water resources. Therefore, based on the results, Gharasou river water quality monitoring program was developed and presented.

Ground water in the Hallandale area, Florida

The water problems confronting Hallandale are similar to those of other coastal cities of southeastern Florida which are undergoing rapid growth with tremendous increase in water demand. The highly permeable Biscayne aquifer underlying the Hallandale area is an excellent source of water; however, the permeable nature of the Biscayne aquifer would permit the intrusion of sea water, if fresh water levels were lowered excessively, as well as the infiltration of urban or industrial contaminants, from land surfaces and surface water bodies. This study is to provide the hydrologic data necessary for proper water resource development and planning in the Hallandale area. (40 page document)

Water resource records of the Econfina Creek Basin area, Florida

The Econfina Creek basin area in northwestern Florida, which includes Bay County, southeastern Washiigton County, and parts of Calhoun, Gulf, and Jackson counties is shown in figure 1. The basin has an abundant supply of ground water and surface water of good quality. This determination is based on a three-year investigation of the water resources of the basin by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Geology, Florida Board of Conservation, during the period from October 1961 through June 1964. The purpose of this report is to assemble the basic data collected during this investigation for those persons interested in water development or management in this basin. (Document has 131 pages.)