Control of Variable Watermilfoil in Bashan Lake, CT with 2,4-D: Monitoring of Lake and Well Water.

Variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.) has recently become a problem in Bashan Lake, East Haddam, CT, USA. By 1998, approximately 4 ha of the 110 ha lake was covered with variable watermilfoil. In 1999, the milfoil was spot treated with Aquacide®, an 18% active ingredient of the sodium salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid], applied at a rate of 114 kg/ha. Aquacide® was used because labeling regarding domestic water intakes and irrigation limitations prevented the use of Navigate® or AquaKleen®, a 19% active ingredient of the butoxyethyl ester of 2,4-D. Variable watermilfoil was partially controlled in shallow protected coves but little control occurred in deeper more exposed locations. 2,4-D levels in the treatment sites were lower than desired and offsite dilution was rapid. In 2000, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued a special local need (SLN) registration to allow the use of Navigate ® or AquaKleen® in lakes with potable and irrigation water intakes. Navigate® was applied at a rate of 227 kg/ha to the same areas as treated in 1999. An additional 2 ha of variable watermilfoil was treated with Navigate® in 2001, and 0.4 ha was treated in mid-September. Dilution of the 2,4-D ester formulation to untreated areas was slower than with the salt formulation. Concentrations of 2,4-D exceeded 1000 μg/ L in several lake water samples in 2000 but not 2001. Nearly all of the treated variable watermilfoil was controlled in both years. The mid-September treatment appeared as effective as the spring and early summer treatments. Testing of homeowner wells in all 3 years found no detectable levels of 2,4-D.(PDF contains 8 pages.)

Evaluación del rendimiento pesquero potencial de la República Argentina: I. Datos 1

A limnological and fish survey program was developed on 110 lakes and reservoirs of Argentina during the summers of 1984 to 1987. Here we exclude lakes without fish. Lakes and reservoirs were visited once each, except for six situated in Chubut Province that were studied seasonally over the course of two years. Here we present raw data used to evaluate the potential fish yield of Argentinian lakes and reservoirs. (Document contains 56 pages.)

Wassergehalte tiefgefrorener Kammmuscheln

Kurzfassung Der Handel mit tiefgefrorenen Kammmuscheln (Pectinidae) hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen und ist von der Jakobsmuschel (Pecten maximus) auf eine Reihe weiterer Spezies erweitert worden. Neben nicht zutreffender Handelsbezeichnung fällt diese Erzeugnisgruppe immer wieder durch einen erhöhten Wasserzusatz negativ auf. Es wurde die Zusammensetzung des Muskelfleisches von Produkten aus dem deutschen Handel bestimmt und das Wasser zu Protein- Verhältnis (W/P) berechnet. Eine erhebliche Zahl von Proben hatte hohe Wassergehalte und ein W/P Verhältnis > 5. Dies betraf insbesondere die Tiefseescallop (Placopecten magellanicus) und die Japanische Kammmuschel (Mizuhopecten yessoensis). In den meisten Fällen wurden Zusatzstoffe nachgewiesen, obwohl die gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Deklaration fehlte. Abstract The market share of quick-frozen scallops (Pectinidae) has increased significantly in recent years and has been extended besides the king scallop (Pecten maximus) to a variety of other species. Apart from an incorrect labeling this product group stands out for often excessively high water addition. The composition of the muscle meat and the water to protein ratio (W/P) was determined in samples from the German retail. The results showed that a considerable number of samples had very high moisture contents and W/P ratios > 5. These facts were mainly true for Placopecten magellanicus and Mizuhopecten yessoensis. There was no conformity with the prescribed declaration of food additives.

Status of the shrimp sector in Bangladesh in the context of HACCP and trade issues: a review

Shrimp culture in Bangladesh has emerged as an important aquaculture industry over the last three decades although its culture in greater parts of the farming area is done in traditional ways. In the meantime, the government of Bangladesh has taken necessary measures along with the private sectors to increase production, upgrade processing industries and to promote export performance. Long supply chain in raw material collection, inadequate infrastructure facilities, poor level of cool chain and lack of adequate HACCP-based training on hygiene and sanitation of different groups of people involved in the field level are the main problems of quality loss of raw materials. Shortage of raw materials results in poor capacity utilization of the processing plants. The growth of bagda (P. monodon) hatchery has expanded rapidly over the last few years, remaining mostly concentrated in Cox's Bazar region is enough to meet the target production. However, there is a shortage of pelleted shrimp feed in Bangladesh. A large number of export processors are now producing increasing amounts of value-added products such as individually quick-frozen, peeled and divined, butterfly cut shrimp, as well as cooked products. The export earnings from value added products is about half of the total export value. About 95% of total fish products are exported to European countries, USA and Japan and the remaining to the Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Most of the EU approved shrimp processing industries have been upgraded with laboratory facilities and provided HACCP training to their workers. As of now, HACCP is applied on the processing plants, but to ensure the quality of raw materials and to reduce risks, shrimp farms are also required to adopt HACCP plan. There is increased pressure time to time from importing countries for fish processors to establish effective quality assurance system in processing plants. Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) of the Department of Fisheries while having moderately equipped laboratories with chemical, bio-chemical and microbiological testing facilities and qualified technical personnel, the creation of facilities for testing of antibiotics is underway. FIQC mainly supervises quality aspects of the processing plants and has little or no control over raw material supply chains from farm to processing plants. Bangladesh export consignments sometimes face rejection due to reported poor quality of the products. Three types of barriers are reported for export of shrimp to EU countries. These are:(1) government participation in trade and restrictive practices (state aid, countervailing duties, state trading enterprises, government monopoly practices), customs and administrative entry procedures (anti-dumping duties, customs valuation, classification, formalities, rules of origin); (2) technical barriers to trade or TBT (technical regulations, standards, testing, certification arrangement); (3) specific limitations (quantitative restrictions, import licensing, embargoes, exchange control, discriminatory sourcing, export restraints, measures to regulate domestic prices, requirements concerning marking, labeling and packaging).

Species identification and authentication of some of the most important seafood products in Iranian markets using biotechnological methods based on DNA

This study describes the molecular identification of sixteen fish species present in processed products imported into Iran for human consumption. DNA barcoding using direct sequencing of about 650 bp of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene revealed incorrect labeling (31.25%). Substitution of fish species constitutes serious economic fraud, and our results increase concern regarding the trading of processed fish products in Iran from both health and conservation points of view.