Morphometric studies in Penaeus merguiensis from Ratnagiri waters for selection of the brood stock in genetic improvement programmes

Studies on genetic improvement of penaeid prawns for the character higher tail weight using methods of selective breeding were undertaken. Prior to the actual breeding experiments it was necessary to find out the quantum of available variability in the character tail weight amongst the natural populations of Penaeus merguiensis from the Indian waters. Thirteen morphometric variables were measured and various statistical analyses were carried out. The tail weight showed almost double values of coefficient of variation in the females than the males (C.V. 20.37 and 11.08 respectively). The combination of the characters viz. sixth segment length (SSL), sixth segment depth (SSD) and posterior abdominal circumference (PAC) gave the highest R super(2) values. These variables were easy to measure and gave maximum variation in the character tail weight without sacrificing the breeders in the brood stock. The quantitative character tail weight was influenced by both genetic and environmental factors was statistically ascertained by applying 2-Factor analysis.

Studies on the effect of compounded feeds on the growth of juvenile Banana prawn Penaeus merguiensis

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of compounded feeds on growth of juveniles (3 to 4 cm) of the Banana prawn Penaeus merguiensis. In all, seven diets were prepared with different combinations of locally available ingredients. Diascure, a local tuber was used as source of carbohydrate and vitamin mineral mixture (1%) was used in all the diets. The results indicated that diets with groundnut cake (diet 2, 3, 5 and 7) produced better survival and growth. In diets 4 and 6 growth was good but survival was very poor. Amongst all the diets, diet 7 produced significantly better growth, survival and food conversion ratio.

Population dynamics of penaeid prawn Penaeus merguiensis off Mumbai coast

Stock dynamics of Penaeus merguiensis was studied using length composition data collected separately for males and females during the period 1995-1998, at New Ferry Warf landing, centre in Greater Mumbai. Food and feeding, sex ratio, fecundity and length-weight relationships were worked out on a representative sub-sample. Asymptotic length (Loo) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated to be 220 mm and 1.80 per annum respectively for males. These parameters were respectively 281 mm and 1. 72 per annum in the case of females. The instantaneous rate of total mortality coefficient (Z) was found to be 9.79 and 7.44 per annum for males and females respectively. The annual natural mortality coefficient (M) was estimated to be 2.80 for males and 2.60 for females. As the exploitation ratio exceeded 0.5 in the case of both the males and females, the study suggests the necessity for reduction in fishing pressure in order to achieve Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY).

Comparison the nutritional value of cultured Penaeus vanname with marine shrimps Penaeus merguiensis and Penaeus semisulcatus

The purpose for which this study was intended wasto compare nutritive value among the farmed Vannamei, sea Green Tiger and Banana shrimps native to the PersianGulf. To provide the samples of farmed shrimps at the end of the farming season (Oct. 23rd through Nov. 22nd of 2011), we chosen one farm of the Holleh Shrimp Farming, from which 100 shrimps were randomly selected. From among these 100 shrimps, 3 to 5 ones were taken to conduct an analysis upon. Further, to obtain the Banana and Green Tiger shrimps sampling was done at the fishing season (July 23rd through Aug. 22rd of 2011) at Halileh Fishing Wharf located in Bushehr Fishing Harbor and also Bandar Abbas Wharf. The samples obtained were immediately kept in the ice powder. After some biometric tasks done upon them, they were at the shortest possible time transferred to a laboratory where they went through various experiments to determine their content of raw protein, fat, ash, moisture, various fatty acids and their types, cholesterol, vitamins A and E, and such mineral elements as iron and calcium. All the experimentswere carried out three times to establish confidence in the results to be obtained. Findings of the comparison showed the content of raw protein, fat, moisture, and ash of, respectively, 23.233%, 600%, 73.077% and 2.500% for the Vannamei samples, of 22.717%, 427%, 74.133% and 1.826% for our Banana shrimps and of 17.377%, 430%, 79.866% and 1.313% for the Green Tiger samples. A total of 24 fatty acids for the Vannamei shrimps and 27 for the Banana and Green Tiger were detected. SFA of the Banana shrimps was 368.45 mg/100g (51.76%), while those of the Vannamei and Green Tiger samples were observed, respectively, 363.54 mg/100g (37.26%) and 296.06 mg/100g (49.12%).A similar measurement for MUFA content of the three types of our samples revealed 243.85mg/100g (24.9%) for the Vannamei, 203.177 mg/100g (33.76%) for the Green Tiger and 179.033 mg/100g (25.14%) for the Banana shrimps. The content of PUFA unsaturated fatty acids in the Vannamei, 131 Green Tiger and Banana samples were, respectively, 370.660 mg/100g (37.84%), 101.573 mg/100g (16.9%) and 163.733 mg/100g (23.1%). Further, the comparison found a omega-3-fatty-acids total of 151.747 mg/100g(15.51%) for the Vannamei, 57.123 mg/100g (9.54%) for the Green Tiger and 130.460 mg/100g (18.46%) for the Banana species under study.

A northern Indian Ocean record of a bopyrid, Parapenaeon japonica (Thielemann, 1910) parasitic on species of penaeid prawns (Penaeus)

A female of Penaeus merguiensis de Man collected from Karachi fish harbour (8 May, 1993) was with a large specimen of bopyrid in its right gill chamber. Since this was the second record (see Tirmizi and Bashir, 1973) of a bopyrid from a species other than Parapenauopsis stylifera H. Milne-Edwards the specimen was examined out of curiosity.

Seasonal variability in penaeid prawn larval abundance in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Goa

Seasonal variations in the occurrence and abundance of penaeid prawn larvae in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries of Goa were studied. Larvae and post-larvae of commercially important species viz. Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers), M.affinis (H. Milne Edwards). M. Monoceros (Fabricius), Penaeus merguiensis de Man and Parapenaeopsis stylifera (H. Milne Edwards) were recorded in that order of abundance. Protozoea and mysis stages were dominant in surface zooplankton collections while the post-larvae were more in the bottom samples. Based on larval density, M. dobsoni appeared to be a continuous breeder. The active spawning periods in other species were during the late post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons varying with the species. Peak recruitment of post-larvae in the estuaries was observed mostly during southwest monsoon months (June to September). Penaeid prawn larval ingression was more in the Zuari estuary compared to the Mandovi estuary. Their numerical abundance gradually decreased towards the upstream areas. The feasibility of large scale collection of penaeid prawn larvae for aquaculture is indicated.

Natural diet of penaeid prawns in the coastal waters of Mumbai

Foregut contents of eight commercially important species of penaied prawns namely Penaeus merguiensis, Metapenaeus affinis, M. monoceros, M. brevicornis, Parapenaeopsis stylifera, P. hardwickii, P. sculptilis and Solenocera crassicornis were investigated from inshore, nearshore and offshore fishing grounds of Mumbai. Feeding intensity and index of preponderance (IP) of the dietary items were compared statistically for the species, sexes, fishing areas and maturity condition of females. All the species except M. monoceros and P. sculptilis showed that females were better fed than males. The feeding intensity in the three depth-zones was different for M. affinis, M. brevicornis, M. monoceros, P. hardwickii and S. crassicornis, and uniform for P. merguiensis, P. stylifera and P. sculptilis. Acetes spp., prawn remains, polychaetes, benthic crustaceans, foraminifers and fish remains were the important food items of the prawns. Dietary comparison between the two sexes of the species did not show any difference, but mature females of M. monoceros and P. sculptilis had different diets. Comparison of food items for all the species together showed significant difference between the three areas. Crustacean diet was the favorite in the inshore and nearshore, and polychaetes in the offshore waters. All the species except P. hardwickii showed difference in their dietary composition in the three depth-zones. It is concluded that these coexisting species are primarily carnivorous and exhibit diverse food preferences in different depth-zones by browsing on interstitial organisms, chasing epipelagic prey, raptorial predation, scavenging on dead organisms or adopting different temporal abundance to avoid inter-specific competition for food.

Courtship and mating behavior in Penaeus monodon Fabricius

An illustrated description is given of the courtship and mating behaviour of P. monodon . Courtship and mating follow three distinct phases: (1) parallel swimming of male and female from the bottom to a height of 20-40 cm over distances of 50 to 80 cm; (2) male turns ventral side up to female; and (3) male turns perpendicular to female, arches body around the female and lifts head and tail. Mating is believed to take place generally at night, following moulting of the female. On the basis of thelycum structure and mating pattern, Penaeus may be divided into two groups: (1) those with a close thelycum in which mating follows moulting, such as P. merguiensis and P. monodon ; and (2) those with open thelycum where mating takes place immediately preceding spawning, as in P. stylirostris and P. vannamei .

Identification of the postlarval Penaeus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) appearing along shore waters

Diagnostic characters for the identification of postlarval Penaeus appearing along the coastal waters of the Philippines are reviewed and categorized, based on materials from the wild and laboratory. Presently there are 7 adult known species belonging to the genus Penaeus around Panay Island and its adjacent waters, namely: P. monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. merguiensis, P. indicus, P. japonicus , P. canaliculatus, and P. latisulcatus.

Impact of the commercial fishery on the population of bait shrimp (Penaeus spp.) in Biscayne Bay, 1986

Monthly population size of bait shrimp in the Bay was estimated from December 1984 to July 1985. Growth rates for male and female P. duorarum showed that pink shrimp exhibit a mean residence time in the nursery area (Biscayne Bay) of approximately 21 weeks. Monthly mortality rates were determined for each sex of pink shrimp. It was estimated that 23% and 26% of the male and female monthly population size, respectively, was absorbed by both the fishery and ecosystem monthly. Monthly proportion of the standing stock expected to die exclusively through fishing was 6.5% and 6.0% for males and females respectively. Estimates of emigration rates showed that approximately 4.0% of the population was lost from the Bay system each month. This surplus production was about 50% of the average monthly catch by the fleet. Fishing mortality represents only 8 - 9% of the losses to the shrimp population. The biggest source of loss is emigration, suggesting that most shrimp beyond the size at recruitment (to the fishery) are not utilized for food while in the Bay. Thus, it appears that the direct impact of the fishery on the bait shrimp population is relatively small. (PDF contains 46 pages)

Design, operation and economics of a small-scale hatchery for the larval rearing of sugpo, Penaeus monodon Fab.

One of the major problems in the mass production of sugpo is how to obtain a constant supply of fry. Since ultimately it is the private sector which should produce the sugpo fry to fill the needs of the industry, the Barangay Hatchery Project under the Prawn Program of the Aquaculture Department of SEAFDEC has scaled down the hatchery technology from large tanks to a level which can be adopted by the private sector, especially in the villages, with a minimum of financial and technical inputs. This guide to small-scale hatchery operations is expected to generate more enthusiasm among fish farmers interested in venturing into sugpo culture.

Size composition of the catches of the pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum notialis in the shrimp fishery of Sierra Leone

Measurements were taken of size distribution of P. d. notialis collected off Sierra Leone over a period of six months from October 1977 to March 1978. From the frequency distribution curves it is observed that the curves for male shrimps show only one or two major modes, which show prominence between 12.5 and 14.1 cm of total length. Females mostly exhibited size groups with three or four different length ranges and occasional occurrence of 1 to 5 modes. These size groups were observed to show continuous changes. No one group could be said to be permanent. The point of entry into the fishery of male shrimps was found to be at an average total length of 10.5 cm, while females did so at 11 cm. Sex ratios in the different samples were usually 1:1 but in one case the males were more numerous by 2:1 and in four other samples females were significantly preponderent. These departures from the 1:1 ratio may have been artificially created by sorting of the catches on board the ships.

Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1837: resumo das conclusões dos cruzeiros de pesca exploratória entre 1979 e 1983 no banco de Sofala em Moçambique

From 1979 to 1983, several surveys were carried out with research and fishing vessels at Sofala Bank in Mozambique. Their main objective was the assessment of shallow water prawn stocks, as this resource is of great economic importance for the country. A summary of the conclusions of these surveys regarding the species Penaeus indicus is presented. During the rainy season the species occurs closer to the shore than during the dry season. Estimates of biomass are very variable. The spawning peak seems to occur at the beginning of the rainy season (September-October). The spawning areas are located very close to the shore in the northern part of Sofala Bank and South of 17 degree 10'S in the 15-25 m depth interval.

Bilan des recherches sur la crevette rose Penaeus duorarum notialis de Côte d'Ivoire et conséquences en matière d'aménagement

A summary of results obtained from 1969 to 1977 is given. It concerns the biology of the species (ecology and distribution of the adults, behaviour and diel variation of catch rates, reproduction and larval migration, juveniles migration and recruitment at sea, sexual maturity, growth and mortality by marking experiments) and the history of the fishery (catches, efforts, seasonal variations of catch rates). The combined use of a dynamic pool model of Ricker and a production model of Fox leads to the evaluation of the potential of the stock. The simulation of different and combined fishery strategies on adults at sea and juveniles in lagoons, allows the evaluation of the consequences (in yield, value, biomass and potential fecundity) of the different proposed management procedures (reductions in fishing effort, closed seasons on both fisheries).

Biologie de Penaeus duorarum (Burkenroad) en Côte d'Ivoire: croissance

The Petersen method was used to make growth assessments from experimental data collected during 1966-67 and 1969-70. The parameters K and L ∞ were calculated from the Von Bertalanffy growth curve. There was very little difference between the two years although growth in 1969 appeared slightly greater. A comparison of our results in Côte d'Ivoire with those from Senegal and Gulf of Mexico showed that the greatest growth occured on the west African coast and especially off the Côte d'Ivoire.