Transgene expressions in seabass (Lates calcarifer) following muscular injection of plasmid DNA: a strategy for vaccine development?

Muscular injection has become one of the direct methods for transferring foreign DNA into organisms. The technique has been recently introduced in the development of vaccines and gene therapy. Vaccine development, in particular, would be desirable in managing viral diseases in farmed fish. In this study, the technique was performed on seabass (Lates calcarifer) and was found that the foreign gene could be transferred successfully through injection into the muscles.

Underwater warp tension meter

A self-contained electronic solid-state instrument capable of measuring the tension between the different parts of a trawl net in operation, has been designed and developed for the measurement in the range 0 to 300 kg with an accuracy of ± 2 kg. The instrument is useful for measuring the resistance to motion of various accessories of a trawl net. It consists of an inductive type underwater tension transducer and an electronic indicating meter kept on board the vessel, both the units being connected by electric cable.