Survey of El Nino 1957-58 in its relation to tropical pacific meteorology

ENGLISH: The survey aims at demonstrating the close relationship between anomalies of sea temperature observed along the tropical Pacific coast of the Americas and those observed in the oceanwide tropical belt. The survey also covers the variations, from 1952 to the present, of the trade-wind circulations which prove to be responsible for the major part of the anomalies in sea surface temperature. Finally, the thermal feedback effects of the oceanic anomalies upon the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere are treated in a preliminary fashion. SPANISH: El estudio trata de demostrar la estrecha relaci��n que existe entre las anomal��as observadas de la temperatura del mar a lo largo de la costa tropical de las Am��ricas y las observadas en la faja tropical de todo el oc��ano. El estudio incluye tambi��n las variaciones, desde 1952 hasta el presente, de la circulaci��n de los vientos alisios que demuestra ser responsable por la mayor parte de las anomal��as de temperatura de la superficie del mar. Finalmente los efectos termales de las anomal��as oce��nicas sobre la circulaci��n en gran escala de la atm��sfera son tratados en forma preliminar. (PDF contains 62 pages.)

���El Ni��o��� study based on analysis of ocean surface temperatures 1935-57

ENGLISH: The following report describes the findings of an "El Ni��o" project carried out at the Department of Meteorology of the University of California, Los Angeles, at the request of, and with funds provided from, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. The project was, in its early stages, supervised by Professor M. Neiburger, but was in June 1959 transferred to Professor J. Bjerknes, who thereby became the sole author of this final report. Readers who may be interested in the general background of knowledge of the maritime meteorology of the Eastern Pacific are herewith referred to Professor Neiburger's final report of the "Subtropical Pacific Meteorology Project." That report, submitted in September 1958 to the Office of Naval Research, summarizes the results of all the meteorological soundings released at sea since 1949 from California in the north to Peru in the south. The soundings off Ecuador and Peru were all taken by the "Shellback" expedition during July 1952. Important as this first exploration of the atmosphere over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific was, it did not even begin to explore " El Ni��o " itself, which is confined to the southern summer season and, moreover, only reaches catastrophic proportions in a few exceptional years. SPANISH: Este estudio da a conocer los resultados de una investigaci��n que, bajo el nombre de Proyecto "El Ni��o", ha sido efectuada en el Departamento de Meteorolog��a de la Universidad de California, Los Angeles, a solicitud de la Comisi��n Interamericana del At��n Tropical y con fondos provistos por ��sta. En sus primeras etapas, el proyecto fu�� supervisado por el Profesor M. Neiburger, pero en junio de 1959 fu�� transferido al Profesor J. Bjerknes, quien de este modo vino a ser el solo autor de este informe final. A los lectores interesados en los conocimientos de fondo de la meteorolog��a mar��tima del Pac��fico Oriental se les recomienda consultar el informe final del Profesor Neiburger intitulado "Subtropical Pacific Meteorology Project". Este informe, sometido a la "Office of Naval Research" en septiembre de 1958 sumariza los resultados de todos los sondeos meteorol��gicos efectuados en el mar desde 1949 en el ��rea entre California en el norte y Per�� en el sur. Todos los sondeos frente al Ecuador y el Per�� fueron hechos por la Expedici��n "Shellback" durante el mes de julio de 1952. Importante como fu�� esta primera exploraci��n de la atm��sfera sobre el Pac��fico Ecuatorial del Este, ni siquiera comenz�� a explorar "El Ni��o" en s��, que se confina a la estaci��n de verano en el sur y, m��s a��n, s��lo alcanza proporciones catastr��ficas en unos pocos a��os excepcionales.

Estimating abundances of 0-group western Baltic cod by using pound net fisheries

Nearshore 0-group western Baltic cod are frequently caught as bycatch in the commercial pound net fishery. Pound net fishermen from the Danish Isle of Funen and Lolland and the German Isle of Fehmarn have recorded their catches of small cod between September and December 2008. Abundance patterns were analysed, particularly concerning the influence of abiotic factors (hydrography, meteorology) and the differences between sampling sites. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) differed by site and location, whereas CPUE were highest at Lolland. Correlation between catch and wind/currents were generally weak. However, wind directions and current speeds seem to affect the catch rates. Finally an algorithm was developed to calculate a recruitment index for western Baltic cod recruitment success based on previous analyses.

Bibliography of El Nino and associated publications

ENGLISH: Citations from the fields of biological, physical and chemical oceanography, meteorology and marine fisheries are used to compile a new bibliography on El Nino phenomena and associated publications. An alphanumeric coding procedure relating this bibliography to a newly microfilmed version of the contents of this bibliography is described. SPANISH: Se emplean las anotaciones del campo biol��gico, f��sico y qu��mico de la oceanograf��a, la rneteorolog��a y la pesca marina para compilar una nueva bibliograf��a sobre el fen��meno del Ni��o, y publicaciones afines. Se describe el procedimiento de un c��digo alfanum��rico relacionando esta bibliograf��a a una versi��n recientemente microfilmada del contenido de ��sta. (PDF contains 53 pages.)

R��lations hydrom��t��orologiques sur les c��tes du Golfe de Guin��e: influence de l'orientation de la c��te

The Gulf of Guinea is remarkable for its abundant precipitations and negative anomalies of the surface water temperature. This originality comes from the southern monsoon which transfers the cold season to the middle of northern summer up to latitude 10 degrees North. Yearly precipitations, which can vary along the coast, are well in correlation with coast crossing air flow (r=0.71) and with the sea-air temperature difference (r=0.72). Precipitations provide a better correlation with surface temperatures (0.72) than with salinities (-0.63). The wind influence upon negative anomaly of the surface temperature is more clear on N-S coast (r=0.98) than on W-E coast (r=0.73) of the Gulf. Temporal correlations calculated on 16 years of observations in Pointe-Noire are in connection with previous spatial correlations. Coastal hydroclimates are thus likely to be deduced from meteorology.