Some observations on seasonal variations in plankton population Patuxent River, Maryland 1943-1945

In directly, phytoplankton serves as food for all aquatic animals since it is at the base of the food chain in which the phytoplankton-feeding animals are eaten by larger animals and these in turn are consumed by still larger forms. Hence, it becomes evident that the phytoplankton, its presence, and seasonal variations are of great importance. The report at hand is based on a record of the variations in the plankton population of surface waters at a single station, where collections were made biweekly from September 1943 through September 1945. The station chosen was in the channel of the Patuxent River, Maryland, near its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, about midway between the head and the mouth of the Bay. (PDF contains 31 pages)

Proceedings of the Workshop on the Okhotsk Sea and Adjacent Areas [Vladivostok, June 1995]

I REPORT OF THE PICES WORKSHOP ON THE OKHOTSK SEA AND ADJACENT AREAS (pdf, 0.1 Mb) 1. Outline of the workshop 2. Summary reports from sessions 3. Recommendations of the workshop 4. Acknowledgments II SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SUBMITTED FROM SESSIONS 1. Physical Oceanography Sessions (pdf, 4 Mb) A. Circulation and water mass structure of the Okhotsk Sea and Northwestern Pacific Valentina D. Budaeva & Vyacheslav G. Makarov Seasonal variability of the pycnocline in La Perouse Strait and Aniva Gulf Valentina D. Budaeva & Vyacheslav G. Makarov Modeling of the typical water circulations in the La Perouse Strait and Aniva Gulf region Nina A. Dashko, Sergey M. Varlamov, Young-Ho Han & Young-Seup Kim Anticyclogenesis over the Okhotsk Sea and its influence on weather Boris S. Dyakov, Alexander A. Nikitin & Vadim P. Pavlychev Research of water structure and dynamics in the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent Pacific Howard J. Freeland, Alexander S. Bychkov, C.S. Wong, Frank A. Whitney & Gennady I. Yurasov The Ohkotsk Sea component of Pacific Intermediate Water Emil E. Herbeck, Anatoly I. Alexanin, Igor A. Gontcharenko, Igor I. Gorin, Yury V. Naumkin & Yury G. Proshjants Some experience of the satellite environmental support of marine expeditions at the Far East Seas Alexander A. Karnaukhov The tidal influence on the Sakhalin shelf hydrology Yasuhiro Kawasaki On the formation process of the subsurface mixed water around the Central Kuril Islands Lloyd D. Keigwin Northwest Pacific paleohydrography Talgat R. Kilmatov Physical mechanisms for the North Pacific Intermediate Water formation Vladimir A. Luchin Water masses in the Okhotsk Sea Andrey V. Martynov, Elena N. Golubeva & Victor I. Kuzin Numerical experiments with finite element model of the Okhotsk Sea circulation Nikolay A. Maximenko, Anatoly I. Kharlamov & Raissa I. Gouskina Structure of Intermediate Water layer in the Northwest Pacific Nikolay A. Maximenko & Andrey Yu. Shcherbina Fine-structure of the North Pacific Intermediate Water layer Renat D. Medjitov & Boris I. Reznikov An experimental study of water transport through the Straits of Okhotsk Sea by electromagnetic method Valentina V. Moroz Oceanological zoning of the Kuril Islands area in the spring-summer period Yutaka Nagata Note on the salinity balance in the Okhotsk Sea Alexander D. Nelezin Variability of the Kuroshio Front in 1965-1991 Vladimir I. Ponomarev, Evgeny P. Varlaty & Mikhail Yu. Cheranyev An experimental study of currents in the near-Kuril region of the Pacific Ocean and in the Okhotsk Sea Stephen C. Riser, Gennady I. Yurasov & Mark J. Warner Hydrographic and tracer measurements of the water mass structure and transport in the Okhotsk Sea in early spring Konstantin A. Rogachev & Andrey V. Verkhunov Circulation and water mass structure in the southern Okhotsk Sea, as observed in summer, 1994 Lynne D. Talley North Pacific Intermediate Water formation and the role of the Okhotsk Sea Anatoly S. Vasiliev & Fedor F. Khrapchenkov Seasonal variability of integral water circulation in the Okhotsk Sea B. Sea ice and its relation to circulation and climate V.P. Gavrilo, G.A. Lebedev & A.P. Polyakov Acoustic methods in sea ice dynamics studies Nina M. Pestereva & Larisa A. Starodubtseva The role of the Far-East atmospheric circulation in the formation of the ice cover in the Okhotsk Sea Yoshihiko Sekine Anomalous Oyashio intrusion and its teleconnection with Subarctic North Pacific circulation, sea ice of the Okhotsk Sea and air temperature of the northern Asian continent C. Waves and tides Vladimir A. Luchin Characteristics of the tidal motions in the Kuril Straits George V. Shevtchenko On seasonal variability of tidal constants in the northwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea D. Physical oceanography of the Japan Sea/East Sea Mikhail A. Danchenkov, Kuh Kim, Igor A. Goncharenko & Young-Gyu Kim A “chimney” of cold salt waters near Vladivostok Christopher N.K. Mooers & Hee Sook Kang Preliminary results from a numerical circulation model of the Japan Sea Lev P. Yakunin Influence of ice production on the deep water formation in the Japan Sea 2. Fisheries and Biology Sessions (pdf, 2.8 Mb) A. Communities of the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent waters: composition, structure and dynamics Lubov A. Balkonskaya Exogenous succession of the southwestern Sakhalin algal communities Tatyana A. Belan, Yelena V. Oleynik, Alexander V. Tkalin & Tat’yana S. Lishavskaya Characteristics of pelagic and benthic communities on the North Sakhalin Island shelf Lev N. Bocharov & Vladimir K. Ozyorin Fishery and oceanographic database of Okhotsk Sea Victor V. Lapko Interannual dynamics of the epipelagic ichthyocen structure in the Okhotsk Sea Valentina I. Lapshina Quantitative seasonal and year-to-year changes of phytoplankton in the Okhotsk Sea and off Kuril area of the Pacific Lyudmila N. Luchsheva Biological productivity in anomalous mercury conditions (northern part of Okhotsk Sea) Inna A. Nemirovskaya Origin of hydrocarbons in the ecosystems of coastal region of the Okhotsk Sea Tatyana A. Shatilina Elements of the Pacific South Kuril area ecosystem Vyacheslav P. Shuntov & Yelena P. Dulepova Biota of the Okhotsk Sea: Structure of communities, the interannual dynamics and current status B. Abundance, distribution, dynamics of the common fishes of the Okhotsk Sea Yuri P. Diakov Influence of some abiotic factors on spatial population dynamics of the West Kamchatka flounders (Pleuronectidae) Gordon A. McFarlane, Richard J. Beamish & Larisa M. Zverkova An examination of age estimates of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the Sea of Okhotsk using the burnt otolith method and implications for stock assessment and management Larisa P. Nikolenko Migration of Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Okhotsk Sea Galina M. Pushnikova Fisheries impact on the Sakhalin-Hokkaido herring population Vidar G. Wespestad Is pollock overfished? C. Salmon of the Okhotsk Sea: biology, abundance and stock identification Vladimir A. Belyaev, Alexander Yu. Zhigalin Epipelagic Far Eastern sardine of the Okhotsk Sea Yuri E. Bregman, Victor V. Pushnikov, Lyudmila G. Sedova & Vladimir Ph. Ivanov A preliminary report on stock status and productive capacity of horsehair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt) in the South Kuril Strait Natalia T. Dolganova Mezoplankton distribution in the West Japan Sea Vladimir V. Efremov, Richard L. Wilmot, Christine M. Kondzela, Natalia V. Varnavskaya, Sharon L. Hawkins & Maria E. Malinina Application of pink and chum salmon genetic baseline to fishery management Vyacheslav N. Ivankov & Valentina V. Andreyeva Strategy for culture, breeding and numerous dynamics of Sakhalin salmon populations Alla M. Kovalevskaya, Natalia I. Savelyeva & Dmitry M. Polyakov Primary production in Sakhalin shelf waters Tatyana N. Krupnova Some reasons for resource reduction of Laminaria japonica (Primorye region) Lyudmila N. Luchsheva & Anatoliy I. Botsul Mercury in bottom sediments of the northeastern Okhotsk Sea Pavel A. Luk’yanov, Natalia I. Belogortseva, Alexander A. Bulgakov, Alexander A. Kurika & Olga D. Novikova Lectins and glycosidases from marine macro and micro-organisms of Japan and Okhotsk Seas Boris A. Malyarchuk, Olga A. Radchenko, Miroslava V. Derenko, Andrey G. Lapinski & Leonid L. Solovenchuk PCR-fingerprinting of mitochondrial genome of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta Alexander A. Mikheev Chaos and relaxation in dynamics of the pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) returns for two regions Yuri A. Mitrofanov & Larisa N. Lesnikova Fish-culture of Pacific Salmons increases the number of heredity defects Larisa P. Nikolenko Abundance of young halibut along the West Kamchatka shelf in 1982-1992 Sergey A. Nizyaev Living conditions of golden king crab Lithodes aequispina in the Okhotsk Sea and near the Kuril Islands Ludmila A. Pozdnyakova & Alla V. Silina Settlements of Japanese scallop in Reid Pallada Bay (Sea of Japan) Galina M. Pushnikova Features of the Southwest Okhotsk Sea herring Vladimir I. Radchenko & Igor I. Glebov Present state of the Okhotsk herring stock and fisheries outlook Alla V. Silina & Ida I. Ovsyannikova Distribution of the barnacle Balanus rostratus eurostratus near the coasts of Primorye (Sea of Japan) Galina I. Victorovskaya Dependence of urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius reproduction on water temperature Anatoly F. Volkov, Alexander Y. Efimkin & Valery I. Chuchukalo Feeding habits of Pacific salmon in the Sea of Okhotsk and in the Pacific waters of Kuril Islands in summer 1993 Larisa M. Zverkova & Georgy A. Oktyabrsky Okhotsk Sea walleye pollock stock status Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva, Elena V. Sundukova, Natalia M. Shevchenko & Ludmila A. Elyakova Water soluble polysaccharides of some Far-Eastern seaweeds 3. Biodiversity Program (pdf, 0.2 Mb) A. Biodiversity of island ecosystems and seasides of the North Pacific Larissa A. Gayko Productivity of Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (IAY) culture in Posieta Bay (Sea of Japan) III APPENDICES 1. List of acronyms 2. List of participants (Document pdf contains 431 pages)

Temas de Ciencias Naturales.

El 29 de abril del año próximo pasado se cumplieron veinte años del fallecimiento de Raúl Adolfo Ringuelet, quién fuera uno de los científicos más destacados que han dado las ciencias naturales de la Argentina. Salvo contadas excepciones, no hubo recordatorios sobre este acontecimiento, pero el Dr. Ringuelet es uno de los casos que no necesita de la magnanimidad y el tiempo de los mortales para tenerlo presente, ya que la vigencia y el peso de su obra, hacen cumplir con aquello de que “mientras el recuerdo permanece, la muerte no existe”. El Programa para el Estudio y Uso Sustentable de la Biota Austral (ProBiota) quiere recordarlo reproduciendo la publicación de una serie de conferencias dictadas en su juventud, durante 1943 y 1944, en LS 11 Radio Provincia de Buenos Aires y que fueron publicadas en 1946 bajo el título de “Temas de Ciencias Naturales”. En ese año, Raúl A. Ringuelet contaba con treinta dos años y el mundo se encontraba en su mayor parte lacerado y bajo ruinas por la conducta recurrente de la “especie hipócrita” que, en nombre de las ideologías y la paz universal, había concretado la matanza de varios millones de personas. En nuestro país se asistía al nacimiento de un nuevo movimiento histórico y el comienzo de profundos desencuentros en nuestra sociedad, los cuales, lamentablemente, aún no han terminado. En esta década la ciencia argentina sería destacada con el Premio Nóbel a través del Dr. Bernardo Houssay y en las ciencias naturales se habían publicado, entre otras obras, los rasgos principales de la Fitogeografía argentina de J. Frenguelli, la Zoogeografía de Cabrera y Yepes, la última entrega del catalógo sistemático de las aves de Argentina de Steullet y Deautier, y el estudio de la Selva Marginal de Punta Lara de A. L. Cabrera (hijo) y G. Dawson. La lectura de estas conferencias, un total de diez, nos muestra, ya entonces, el espíritu rico, inquieto y polifacético de Raúl A. Ringuelet, el cuál lo distinguiría pocos años después. En algunas de ellas realiza la reseña de la vida y obra de diferentes científicos y naturalistas de nuestro país; en las restantes, expresa ingeniosamente conceptos precursores sobre biodiversidad, conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales y su transferencia a los diferentes niveles de la sociedad. Finalmente, desde ProBiota consideramos que la trascripción de este tipo de documentos constituye un aporte para aquellos interesados en la historia de las ciencias naturales y, asimismo, una contribución para que nuestras jóvenes generaciones de biólogos y naturalistas posean una noción más clara de quienes marcaron rumbos e hicieron escuela en nuestra disciplina con un genuino sentido nacional.

Sobre el “pez trompeta” (Notopogon shoteli).

En las colecciones del Museo de La Plata existía desde 1918 un ejemplar adulto del curioso "pez trompeta". Al encargarme de la renovación de dichas colecciones el año pasado conseguí un regular número de nuevos ejemplares, todos obtenidos frente a las costas bonaerenses por los barcos que pescan en relativa profundidad. Se trata de Notopogon shoteli.

Contributions to the biology of the engraulid Anchoa naso (Gilbert and Pierson, 1898) from Ecuadorian waters

ENGLISH: One phase of the duties of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission is the gathering and interpretation of data concerning the life history of the commercially important bait species throughout the Eastern Pacific Ocean. During 1958 the Commission established a laboratory in Manta, Ecuador to study tuna. It was subsequently found that this fishery was dependent upon one species of anchovy, Anchoa naso, which was locally referred to as "colorado." During the calendar year 1959 approximately 380,000 scoops of bait were taken by the Manta tuna fleet (Schaefer, 1960), which at that time numbered about 23 vessels. Since then the fleet has increased by about 25 per cent and it is probable that the bait catch has increased also. Virtually nothing has been reported concerning the life history of this species. Hildebrand (1943) reviewed its taxonomy and reported standard lengths ranging from 32 to 135 mm. Peterson (1956) examined specimens from Central America and found them to range from 27 to 66 mm. He also indicated that the species spawned over a long period of time. The present report describes some aspects of the life history of Anchoa naso in Ecuadorian waters. The findings are based on 121 collections taken during the period March 1959 through June 1961. SPANISH: Una fase de las obligaciones de La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical es la obtensión e interpretación de los datos concernientes a la historia natural de las especies de carnada comercialmente importantes en todo el Océano Pacifico Oriental. En el año de 1958 la Comisión estableció un laboratorio en Manta, Ecuador, para estudiar el atún. Se encontró subsecuentemente que esta pesquería dependía de una especie de anchoa, Anchoa naso, conocida localmente con el nombre de colorado. Durante el año calendario de 1959, la flota atunera de Manta, que en ese tiempo alcanzaba a unos 23 barcos, obtuvo aproximadamente 380,000 copas (scoops) de carnada (Schaefer, 1960). Desde entonces la flota ha aumentado en un 25 por ciento, y es probable que la captura de peces-cebo haya aumentado también. Nada se ha informado virtualmente sobre la historia natural de esta especie. Hildebrand (1943) revisó su taxonomia e informó sobre su longitud estándar, que varia entre los 32 y 135 mm. Peterson (1956) examinó especímenes de la América Central, y encontró que variaban entre los 27 y 66 mm. También indicó que la especie desova durante un largo periodo de tiempo. El presente informe describe algunos aspectos de la historia natural de la Anchoa naso en aguas ecuatorianas. Los hallazgos están basados en 121 recolecciones hechas durante el periodo de marzo de 1959 a junio de 1961. (PDF contains 30 pages.)

Historia de la piscicultura del pejerrey en Chascomús

El pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis es uno de los peces de aguas continentales más emblemáticos de la Argentina y una de las especies más estudiada desde diferentes aspectos: ecológico, sistemático, morfológico, fisiológico, genético, etc. (López et al. 1991). Durante los años 1891 y 1892 se realizaron las primeras experiencias de piscicultura,lográndose por primera vez la reproducción artificial en 1904. Su amplia distribución actual es consecuencia de las siembras que se realizaron desde el antiguo Vivero de Piscicultura del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Nación y de la Estación Hidrobiológica del Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios de la provincia de Buenos Aires, ambos establecimientos ubicados en la ciudad de Chascomús. En el presente trabajo se realiza una aproximación a la historia de la piscicultura del pejerrey en Chascomús, la que se divide en tres períodos: 1) Antecedentes de piscicultura, importancia de la pesca comercial en el sistema de lagunas Encadenadas de Chascomús y primeras medidas tomadas para conservar la explotación de las lagunas hacia fines del siglo XIX. 2) Etapa del antiguo Vivero (Ministerio de Agricultura de la Nación), desde 1904 hasta 1939. 3) Etapa de la Estación Hidrobiológica (Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios, provincia de Buenos Aires), desde 1943 hasta el presente.

Fungal and protozoan parasites and their importance in the ecology of the phytoplankton

The presence of fungi on the phytoplankton of Lake Windermere was first noted by the author in 1943. Surveys into the fungal and protozoan parasites of the planktonic algae of the English Lake District and elsewhere were carried out. This article discusses the descriptive studies, epidemics and culture work, which was carried out in connection with these studies.

Indications of compensatory growth in the striped bass, Roccus saxatilis Walbaum, as revealed by a study of the scales.

Analysis of scale samples from 87 striped bass from the 1940 year class of the Chesapeake Bay, and 39 samples from the 1938 year class of the Hudson River, indicated that the smaller yearling individuals made a more rapid growth in their second year than the larger ones. Compensation was not complete, since the growth advantage of the larger individuals is maintained to a considerable degree.

The larval stages of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora hirundoides (Nordquist)

Most Copepoda pass through, first, a series of nauplius stages, and then through a series of copepodid stages (or cyclops stages), in which the general form of the adult is assumed. ... In the first place, the differentiation between the larvae of the various copepod species to be found in the plankton, both marine and fresh water, greatly augments the value and accuracy of quantitative and qualitative plankton analyses, because many species spend a large portion of their life span in an immature condition. In the second place, the taxonomy of the Copepoda is admittedly not completely satisfactory ...

Maryland commercial fisheries statistics, 1944-1945

This report presents a statistical analyses of the "fin" fisheries, as distinguished from the crab and oyster fisheries of Maryland, for 1944 and 1945. Comparative data on the catch by species, by area, and by gear, based principally on daily reports from the fishermen, are available for the first time as a result of a comprehensive statistical survey made by the Department of Research and Eduction to determine the results of the new management plan for the fisheries, referred to as the Maryland Management Plan. With the initiation in 1941 of a new system of fishery management in the State, a conservation plan based on the principle of stabilized fishing effort, it became obvious that a more accurate catch record system was needed for the proper administration of the program. The Management Plan stabilized the number of licensed fishermen at the 1939-1940 level, and provided for controlled expansion of the fishery to take place only when and where the industry warranted it as a result of increased fish populations. The text of the Plan may be found in Article 39, Section 60, Annotated Code of Maryland, 1943 Supplement. Publications 1, 2, 5, and 6 of the Educational Series of the Department of Research and Education explain the operating principles and the application of same to two important Maryland species, the shad and the rock or striped bass. Ocean fishery records only cover monthly gross landings.

Effects of pot fishing on the physical condition of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)

The effects of commercial fishing with crab pots on the physical condition of the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and southern Tanner crab (C. bairdi) were investigated in the Bering Sea and in Russian waters of the Sea of Okhotsk. In crabs that were subjected to pot hauling, the presence of gas embolism and the deformation of gill lamellae were found in histopathological investigations. Crab vitality, which was characterized subjectively through observation of behavioral responses, depended on not only the number of pot hauls but also the time between hauls. Immediately after repeated pot hauls at short time intervals (≤3 days), we observed a rapid decline in vitality of crabs. When hauling intervals were increased to >3 days, the condition of crabs did not significantly change. After repeated pot hauls, concentration of the respiratory pigment hemocyanin ([Hc]) was often lower in the hemolymph of crabs than in the hemolymph of freshly caught animals. Our research indicated that changes in [Hc] in crabs after repeated pot hauls were caused by the effects of decompression and not by starvation of crabs in pots or exposure of crabs to air. We suggest that the decrease in [Hc] in hemolymph of snow and southern Tanner crabs was a response to the adverse effects of decompression and air-bubble disease. The decrease in [Hc] in affected crabs may be a result of mechanisms that regulate internal pressure in damaged gills to optimize respiratory circulation.

Diel vertical migration of the bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus), a species possessing orbital retia mirabilia

The bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus, Lowe 1841) is one of three sharks in the family Alopiidae, which occupy pelagic, neritic, and shallow coastal waters throughout the altropics and subtropics (Gruber and Compagno, 1981; Castro, 1983). All thresher sharks possess an elongated upper caudal lobe, and the bigeye thresher shark is distinguished from the other alopiid sharks by its large upward-looking eyes and grooves on the top of the head (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948). Our present understanding of the bigeye thresher shark is primarily based upon data derived from specimens captured in fisheries, including knowledge of its morphological features (Fitch and Craig, 1964; Stillwell and Casey, 1976; Thorpe, 1997), geographic range as far as it overlaps with fisheries (Springer, 1943; Fitch and Craig, 1964; Stillwell and Casey, 1976; Gruber and Compagno, 1981; Thorpe, 1997), age, growth and maturity (Chen et al., 1997; Liu et al., 1998), and aspects of its reproductive biology (Gilmore, 1983; Moreno and Moron, 1992; Chen et al., 1997).

Dibujantes: Claudina Abella.

En este número de la Serie Documentos presentamos a la Profesora Nacional de Dibujo Claudina Abella de López. El 23 de diciembre de 1943 se casó con Rogelio B. López y fue su dibujante en la Sección Ictiología del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, . Realizó numerosas ilustraciones de vertebrados, entre ellas, las hermosas láminas color editadas en 1949 en Aves de Nahuel Huapi de José Santos Gollan; las dos láminas de peces en el capítulo II de la obra Suma de Geografía; la bella iconografía de Los Recursos Acuáticos Vivos, Volumen I, del Consejo Federal de Inversiones; y los peces ilustrados en la revista Camping, estos últimos cedidos gentilmente por José Athor. Recolectamos la mayor información posible, la que incluimos en el presente documento, intentando reflejar una parte de la trayectoria de la artista. Claudina era profesora de Bellas Artes y, además, una bella persona, muy culta, prolija y precisa en sus diseños y pinturas. Claudina era la dibujante de todo el Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (MACN) y varias de sus acuarelas originales se guardan en la colección de la División Ictiología, en cuya parte media estaba situado su gabinete. Ella captaba inmediatamente las notas y detalles de color de los peces y de las aves, aunque también llego a pintar algas marinas y otros organismos a pedido de los investigadores del Museo. No gustaba de realizar dibujos técnicos en tinta china, siempre preferia el ejemplar fresco como modelo y la acuarela para captar los colores y detalles. En pocos trazos reproducía el contorno de los peces, esbozando los radios de las aletas y las escamas y, en algunos casos, los delineaba con sumo detalle. Fue una eximia pintora. Jamás fue reemplazada