Use of homeo drug for curing ulcerative syndrome in fishes

Fungal infection was observed in Catla catla and Labeo rohita cultured in two private fish farms. The later stage of the infection resulted in ulcerations followed by haemorrhage on the dorsal surface of the body. Initially, usual treatments of copper sulphate, potassium permanganate and common salt solution were tried, but no improvement was observed. Then repeated intramuscular injections of homeopathic drug Heaper Sulpher and Arnica spray were given with encouraging results. Infection reported in another farm was also successfully controlled using a similar treatment.

Effects of exogenous hormone injections on milt consistency in newly caught, wild milkfish

A study was conducted to determine the effects of single injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and Durandron Forte 250 on sperm motility, vitality and density and also on the consistency of milt in newly caught, wild, mature milkfish (Chanos chanos). In contrast to HCG, single injections of Durandron Forte 250 were effective not only in inducing spermiation but also in maintaining newly caught mature males in good running condition for a maximum of 7 days, despite daily handling and collection of approximately 3ml milt.

Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila artificially infected to Indian major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala Ham.)

Abrasion, feeding, injection and immersion methods were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of five different strains of Aeromonas hydrophila viz. RG (rui gill), ML (mrigal lesion), SG (sharpunti gill), F1K (mrigal kidney), GFL (gold fish lesion) and Ah-19 (Aeromonas hydrophila-19, Ref. Strain) against C. mrigala H. Bacterial suspension containing viable cells of 7.5x 10⁵ per ml was found to be very effective in intramuscular injection and feeding resulting 100% mortality after 96hr of inoculation. The strain RG, ML and F1K produced scale loss with erosion of the skin surface with/without hemorrhagic lesion after 48hr of inoculation following abrasion method. The strains SG and Ah-19 resulting scale loss with erosion of the skin surface with/without hemorrhagic lesion after 72hr of inoculation following abrasion and injection methods. SG and F1K caused reddening in mouth region after 72hr of feeding inoculation, whereas RG resulted frank ulcers from eroded dermal layer exposing underlying musculature which was hemorrhagic after 96hr of inoculation by abrasion method.

Effects of physiological doses of vitamin D sub(3) (Cholecalciferol) on induced molting and growth in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Effects of three different doses of vitamin D sub(3) on molting, growth, and calcium and phosphate composition of tissue and molt during the grow-out of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (average weight 10.56 ± 0.20 g), obtained from a grow-out pond, were studied. Intramuscular doses of vitamin D sub(3) (100, 500 and 2000 IU/kg body weight) were given on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days. All the experimental animals were fed with a basal diet containing fish meal, shrimp meal, wheat flour, groundnut de-oiled cake, soybean meal and wheat bran at 3% of the body weight. The numbers of molts were recorded as 20±0.50, 29±1.16, 51±1.87, and 30±1.60 in control, 100, 500 and 2000 IU/kg body weight physiological doses, respectively. Maximum growth was recorded in prawns given 500 IU/ kg dose. Survival was between 58.33 ± 9.13 and 77.77 ± 8.61%. The ash content and calcium level increased significantly (p<0.05) and recorded the highest values in 500 IU/kg physiological dose. However, the inorganic phosphate (P sub(i)) content recorded the highest values in tissue in 2000 IU/kg dose (p<0.05, F = 50.60613). There is no significant difference in calcium contents (p>0.05) in both tissue and molt at 500 and 2000 IU/kg doses. It was found that a higher physiological dose (2000 IU/kg) of vitamin D sub(3) increased the rate of mortality. Results have shown that vitamin D sub(3) has a positive impact on the growth and survival of M. rosenbergii and it interferes with the metabolism of Ca and P sub(i), in tissue, and alters molting frequency. Results on physiological dose suggest an alternative and effective dietary supplementation method of vitamin D sub(3) in the grow-out phase of M. rosenbergii.

Experimental pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in shing Heteropneustes fossilis(Bloch)

Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria was tested on the stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Before artificial infection the morphological, biochemical and physiological characters of Aeromonas hydrophila were studied. The infections were done by two different methods, viz., intramuscular (IM) and intraperitoneal (IP) injection. In infection experiment, each group of 10 fish were injected either intramuscularly or intra peritoneally with one dose higher than the LD50 dose (9.6 x 107 CFU/fish). All the fish tested died within 1 to 9 days. Both in cases of intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection, external pathology were found. Haemorrhagic lesions were evident at the site of injection. The posterior end of the body surface was found to develop greyish-white lesion that was extended up to caudal fin. Hyperemic anal region and the fin bases were also observed. Total bacterial loads in liver, kidney and intestine were determined. Aeromonas hydrophila could be isolated from liver, kidney and intestine of the experimentally infected fish. In case of intramuscular injection the highest and the lowest bacterial load was found to be 2.4 x 107 CFU/g of liver and 2.1 x 102 CFU/g of kidney and in case of intraperitoneal injection they were found to be 3.6 x 106 CFU/g of kidney and 1.2 x 104 CFU/g of kidney respectively. It was concluded that A. hydrophila could cause serious disease condition to Heteropneustes fossilis and its pathogenesis in the fish was also very efficient.

Experiments on the induced breeding of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in 1978

Results indicated that a female having eggs with an average diameter of < 0.7 mm did not respond well to the hormone injections.

Bighead carp - its maturation and ovulation

The paper investigates the effects of intraperitoneal injections of LHRH-a and domperidone (DOM), given singly or in combination at two injections, on oocyte maturation and spawning in bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis.

Chronotropic and inotropic effects of adenosine and AMP on the isolated systemic heart of Octopus vulgaris

The effect of adenosine on the function of the heart in Octopus vulgaris was studied using an isolated heart preparation. Bolus injections of adenosine or AMP (adenosine precursor) induced both positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. The maximum inotropic effect preceded the maximum chronotropic effect. The impermeable adenosine analogue 2-chloroadenosine elicited a similar effect, while the adenosine uptake blocker dipyridamole did not affect the adenosine response. These results suggest that adenosine acted extracellularly. The concentration-response curves of adenosine and AMP were also determined, by evaluating the effects on ventricular and coronary function. Under these conditions, the potent chronotropic effect elicited by both substances apparently masked or compensated for the inotropic effect, owing to the negative force-frequency relationship known to occur in the octopus heart. The AMP displayed a lower threshold than adenosine, suggesting an higher affinity for the purinergic receptors involved or a strict association between 5'-nucleotidase and the adenosine receptor on the plasma membrane.