The search for exudates from Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla

Secondary metabolites are produced by aquatic plants, and in some instances, exudation of these metabolites into the surrounding water has been detected. To determine whether infestations of Eurasian watermilfoil or hydrilla produce such exudates, plant tissues and water samples were collected from laboratory cultures and pond populations and were analyzed using solid phase extraction, HPLC, and various methods of mass spectrometry including electrospray ionization, GC/MS, electron impact and chemical ionization. Previously reported compounds such as tellimagrandin II (from Eurasian watermilfoil) and a caffeic acid ester (from hvdrilla), along with a newly discovered flavonoid, cyanidin 3 dimalonyl glucoside (from hydrilla), were readily detected in plant tissues used in this research but were not detected in any of the water samples. If compounds are being released, as suggested by researchers using axenic cultures, we hypothesize that they may be rapidly degraded by bacteria and therefore undetectable.

Más que siete mares, un océano

Se analiza la necesidad de conservación de los ecosistemas oceánicos mundiales, y la urgencia de crear áreas protegidas en mar abierto. Los siete mares inspiran imágenes de vastedad, de grandiosa expansión, de variedad y tolerancia casi infinitas. Siempre en el marco de la metáfora, este trabajo se aparta de la visión de los siete mares para apoyar a la de 'un solo océano'. En lenguaje más formal, el objetivo es promover el pensamiento ecosistémico integrado, difundir el mensaje de que el océano es uno, agotable, e incapaz de resisitir el abuso ambiental sostenido. El artículo incluye definiciones, información sobre el primer Ärea Marina Protegida (AMP) en Mar abierto en el Atlántico sudoccidental, Naumuncurá, Banco Burdwood y finaliza con otras lecturas sugeridas.

Effects of 2-phenoxy ethanol and MS-222 on milkfish fingerlings (Chanos chanos) as anaesthetic agents

An experiment was undertaken in order to determine an adequate anaesthetic and optimum concentrations for use in the handling of fingerling milkfish (Chanos chanos). The compounds 2-phenoxy ethanol and MS-222 were investigated. Results show the latter to be adequate with optimum concentrations between 100 and 200 ppm.