Falling through the cracks: are European directives and international conventions the panacea for freshwater nature conservation?

There are many ways of practising freshwater nature conservation: from strict legislative protection of individual species considered rare or threatened to protecting whole lakes or long stretches of rivers; from practical conservation management at a local scale to integrated catchment management at the river basin scale; and from the encouragement of better habitat management through codes of good practice to statutory control of pollution or abstraction. Whatever the mechanism, an essential pre-requisite is a way of choosing where to put the effort, especially when resources for nature conservation are severely limited. The aim of this article is to review the contribution from four specific international measures to the task of assigning priorities for conservation. The 1990s saw the introduction of two European directives (the Habitats Directive (HD) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD)) and one international convention (the Biodiversity Convention (CBD)) each with the potential for influencing, to a greater or lesser extent, the conservation of freshwater habitats and species. This article also discusses a much older convention – the Ramsar Convention – adopted in 1971 specifically to help tackle the conservation and management of wetlands and aquatic ecosystems. Although the authors have focused mainly on the UK, the subject is relevant to other parts of Europe and beyond. The article explores the degree to which these measures help in identifying the most important fresh waters for conservation, and asks whether or not they present the right conservation message to a wide audience.

Strengthening effectiveness of policy directives of the LVFO Council of Ministers on Lake Victoria, Uganda

Research was done to assess the dissemination and implementation by the Fisheries Department, Local Govemments and beach management units and the awareness, acceptance and compliance among fishers to the CoM Directives on management of Lake Victoria fisheries. Conducted by the National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), the research focused on the implementation and effectiveness of measures following the LYFO Council of Ministers (CoM) Directives for improved management of the fisheries of Lake Victoria, with particular reference to the 2009 CoM Directives as a case study, it was established that many of the Directives have not been implemented. In cases where the directives were implemented, their effectiveness remains questionable. While steps were taken to disseminate and implement the Directives, there were some challenges, including the unclear legal status of the directives, limited dissemination materials and poor methods of dissemination, language barriers and inadequate resources for enforcement.

Kurzinformation zum EU - Projekt: "Mechanisms influencing long term trends in reproductive success and recruitment of Baltic cod : implications for fisheries management"

In July 1994 an internationally coordinated and EU financed multidisciplinary research project about Baltic cod recruitment was started. The primary goals are to identify and describe dominant biotic and abiotic processes affecting the developmental success of early stages and the maturation of cod in the Central Baltic, to incorporate these processes into recruitment models in order to enhance prediction of future stock fluctuations due to environmental pertubations, species interactions and fisheries management directives as a prerequisite for an integrated fish stock assessment in the Central Baltic and to evaluate the feasibility and possible effects of stock enhancement programs on stock and recruitment and providing the biological basis for assessing their economic value.

The EC Water Framework Directive and its implications for the Environment Agency

The bulk of the European Community's water policy legislation was developed between the mid 1970s and the early 1990s. These directives addressed specific substances, sources, uses or processes but caused problems with differing methods definitions and aims. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to resolve the piecemeal approach. The Environemnt Agency (EA) welcomes and supported the overall objective of establishing a coherent legislative framework. The EA has been discussing the implications of the WFD with European partners and has developed a timetable for the implementation and a special team will commission necessary research.

Luis Manuel López

A mes y medio de mi jubilación presento este artículo que para mí era una de las tantas deudas pendientes, pero ésta en particular acentuaba mi sentido de pertenencia. Se trata de un artísta prácticamente desconocido nacido en Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires el 16 de julio de 1921 y fallecido en la misma ciudad el 26 de julio de 1995. Por cuestiones de vida, que no viene al caso mencionar, dejó de lado su verdadera vocación como principal labor y casi sin preparación previa la llevó a cabo como hobby sólo en su tiempo libre. Me pregunto cómo hubiera sido su producción artística o hasta dónde habría llegado si hubiera estudiado en alguna escuela de arte o practicado en algún reconocido atelier. No es de mi conocimiento que haya expuesto y estoy segura que de haberlo hecho, público y jurados se habrían enamorado como yo de sus pinturas y dibujos. Demuestra su habilidad y capacidad innatas, dones reservados para unos pocos, y su voluntad de plasmar lo que evidentemente le emanaba desde sus entrañas. Aquí se presentan parte de, a mi criterio, sus excelentes obras, complementadas con imágenes de él y de su contexto afectivo. No se dispone del nombre, año de realización y/o técnica utilizada de algunas de ellas, y muchas otras lamentablemente se perdieron o fueron donadas sin ser fotografiadas. Debo aclarar que Hugo López no me permitía editarlo porque consideraba que no correspondía por tratarse de su padre. Ante mi insistencia, recién ahora asintió, pidiéndome que yo fuera la única responsable. Pronta acepté antes de que se arrepienta y por ello, aparezco como única compiladora. Es mi esperanza que se conozca en el mayor grado posible el enorme artista contenido en este hombre que en soledad pintaba o dibujaba principalmente para él mismo, y luego, para su entorno, sin poder concretar mayores aspiraciones. Si es cierto que, como algunos dicen, cuando alguien ya no está nos observa desde alguna parte del universo, estoy segurísima que se sentirá un poco recompensado y esbozará una sonrisa de satisfacción.