Some freshwater ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from South Wales

As background to a study of the application of astracods in environmental archaeology, a number of sites in South Wales were visited and sampled. Sites included seven broad environmental categories consisting of lakes, permanent ponds, non-permanent ponds, semi-static canals and reens (drainage ditches), non-permanent small lotic water-bodies, permanent fast-flowing waters and wells. In all, twenty-three species were recorded, and with one exception all belonged to the predominately freshwater Cypridoidea. Overall the most commonly encountered species in South Wales was Cypria ophthalmica. Comparing finds with earlier records, it would appear that Ilyocypris bradyi, Candona pratensis, Eucypris lilljeborgi, Herpetocypris chevreuxi, Potamocypris variegata, P. similis and P. pallida are new additions to the Welsh fauna.

The Freshwater Biological Association at Wray Castle: Recollections of its first director

In 1937 the Development Commission provided an annual grant to the Freshwater Biological Association to pay for a director and secretary. The author moved to the Lake District in the same year, and at that time T.T. Macan was working on invertebrates; K.R. Allen on fish; C.H. Mortimer on chemistry and physics of the aquatic environment, and Marie Rosenberg on phytoplankton. They were backed by George Thompson as laboratory assistant and Rosa Bullen as secretary. The work of the Association continued and expanded throughout the Second World War with some far-reached discoveries made. For example, the recovery of lake sediment cores and the examination of diatom remains, so starting the discipline of archaeo-limnology. Also, a hydrological survey of the Windermere catchment area found significant traces of sulphuric acid in rain gauges. This was more than 30 years before "acid rain" became fashionable.

Symposium on Llangrose Lake: the ecology and conservation of a large nutrient-rich lake in South Wales

This paper summarises a meeting which discussed the ecology and conservation of Llangorse Lake in South Wales. The meeting was organised by the British Ecological Society (Aquatic Ecology Group), in association with the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW), Brecon Beacon National Park Authority (BBNPA) and Environment Agency Wales. It took place on 22 October 1998.

A decade of monitoring and management of freshwater algae, in particular Cyanobacteria, in England and Wales

Although the toxicity of cyanobacteria has been known for many years, cyanobacteria-related problems in the UK were generally limited in frequency. However, this all changed and became of national concern following the exceptional environmental conditions in the autumn of 1989, when widespread cyanobacterial blooms and scums developed in fresh waters. This paper summarises the Environment Agency's monitoring programme for freshwater algae since 1991 and describes the actions the Environment Agency has taken as a result of the monitoring data.

Fish communities and fisheries in Wales's National Nature Reserves: a review

Wales is important for fish conservation in Britain. In much of Wales, atchments are small (median catchment size = 121 km2 ) and frequently eparated by areas of upland (> 600 m altitude), creating a highly agmented habitat for freshwater fish. Consequently, fish communities onsist mainly of diadromous species such as trout, eel and sticklebacks hat were able to recolonise freshwaters via the sea following the retreat of he ice sheets ca. 10 000 years BP. This review aims to (i) update the former work of Lyle and Maitland, taking into account new National Nature Reserves (NNRs)and additional data collected since 1991; (ii) assess the different fish communities represented on Welsh NNRs with respect to their naturalness; (iii) examine the use of NNRs for angling; (iv) evaluate opportunities for expanding the NNR series to conserve fish populations of conservation importance. The paper provides a table of freshwater fish occurrence by water body in Wales.

An analysis of salmon rod catch data from castle fisheries, River Derwent, 1923-1989.

The aim of this study was to investigate the historical catch record from the Castle Fishery on the River Derwent over the period 1923 - 1989, to determine if changes had taken place in the composition of the catch and to examine the influence of flow on the performance of the fishery. The River Derwent is situated in West Cumbria, North West England. It flows from its source on Scafell Pike (NGR NY 229 089) westwards discharging into the Irish sea at Workington, a distance of 52 km. Over its length it receives water from an additional 214 km of stream, 5 large lakes and approximately 30 small tarns. The catchment drains a total area of 663 km2. The study concludes that through the time period there was considerable variation in catch between years. The trend was for the catch to increase steadily over the period 1923 - 1958, declining rapidly in 1959, after which catches increased steadily reaching a peak in the mid-sixties, before declining towards the end of the decade. During the seventies and eighties catches remained relatively stable at between 300 - 600 salmon per year until 1988 when over 2000 salmon were reported caught, the greatest number in any year over the study period.

Use of telemetric tracking to examine environmental influences on catch/effort indices. A case study of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)in the R. Tywi, S. Wales

A case study of Atlantic Salmon runs into the R. Tyvi (S. Wales) is presented. Radio tracking of over 200 salmon in 1988 and 1989 has demonstrated that flow is an important factor in modifying both run timing and migratory success. Entry of salmon into the river is typically in response to flow events, and periods of low falling flows delay entry and may directly result in reduced runs into the river. Delayed entry may also increase the proportion of the run migrating after the end of both rod and net fishing seasons. The implications of these results for net and rod catch and catch/effort data are discussed, using both statutory reported catch data and data from specific catch/effort studies. Flow is demonstrated to be a dominant factor in determining the within-season distribution of rod catch and catch/effort during low-flow years. Estuarial seine net catch and catch/effort tend to be controlled more by time of return than by flow although low flows may delay runs. Annual reported rod catch is correlated with flow, which controls in season availability, catchability and consequently the amount of fishing effort. Use of catch or catch/effort data should take account of inter-year variations in flow and other environmental factors. Although catch and catch/effort are valuable indicators of fishery performance, they are inadequate to represent changing stock levels.

Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, Removing By-catch from Prawn-trawl Codends During Fishing in New South Wales, Australia

During a fishing trip to record video footage of fish escaping from a by-catch reducing device located in a commercial prawn trawl, two bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, were observed to actively manipulate the codend at the seabed, removing and consuming components of catch (mostly juvenile whiting, Sillago spp.). The observed feeding pattern suggests a well established behavioral response to trawling activities and is discussed with respect to (1) the potential nutritional benefit that dolphins may derive from such activities and (2) the effects that scavenging may have on selectivity of the gear.

Salmonid & freshwater Fisheries statistics England & Wales 1989

This is the Salmonid & Freshwater Fisheries Statistics for England & Wales 1989 produced by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) in 1989. This report is focused on the maintenance, improvement and development of fisheries of England and Wales. This report is the first on salmon and migratory trout catch statistics for England and Wales published by the National Rivers Authority (NRA). From 1989 onwards, these statistics will appear each year as NRA fisheries statistics reports replacing the Data Report Series which was published by the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAFF) Directorate of Fisheries Research. This report makes a general review of different catches: Northumbria, Yorkshire, Anglian, Thames, Southern, Wessex, South West, Severn-Trent, Welsh and North West.

Salmonid & freshwater Fisheries statistics England & Wales 1990

This is the Salmonid & Freshwater Fisheries Statistics for England & Wales 1990 produced by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) in 1992. This report is focused on the maintenance, improvement and development of fisheries of England and Wales. This report is the second compilation of salmon and migratory trout catch statistics for England and Wales published by the National Rivers Authority (NRA). Before 1989, these statistics were published by the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAFF) Directorate of Fisheries Research in their Data Report Series. The 1990 data have been presented in a broadly similar format to those of 1989. However, two further NRA regions, four in all, provided effort data for rod fisheries in 1990. This report makes a general review of different catches: Northumbria, Yorkshire, Anglian, Thames, Southern, Wessex, South West, Severn-Trent, Welsh and North West.

Salmonid & freshwater Fisheries statistics England & Wales 1992

This is the Salmonid & Freshwater Fisheries Statistics for England & Wales 1992 produced by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) in 1994. This report is focused on the maintenance, improvement and development of fisheries of England and Wales. This report is the fourth compilation of salmon and migratory trout catch statistics for England and Wales published by the National Rivers Authority. For the years 1983-88, these statistics were published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Directorate of Fisheries Research in their Data Report Series. Other than for rod catches, the 1992 data have been presented in a broadly similar format to those of 1991, Presentation of the rod data however has changed considerably due to the introduction in January 1992 of the first National Rod Fishing Licence. This report makes a general review of different catches: Northumbria, Yorkshire, Anglian, Thames, Southern, Wessex, South West, Severn-Trent, Welsh and North West.

Salmonid & freshwater Fisheries statistics England & Wales 1994

This is the Salmonid & Freshwater Fisheries Statistics for England & Wales 1994 produced by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) in 1995. This report is focused on the maintenance, improvement and development of fisheries of England and Wales. This report is the sixth compilation of salmon and migratory trout catch statistics for England and Wales produced by the National Rivers Authority. For the years 1983-88, these statistics were published by the Ministry o f Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Directorate of Fisheries Research in their Data Report Series. The 1994 data have been presented in a broadly similar format to those of 1993.This report makes a general review of different catches: Northumbria, Yorkshire, Anglian, Thames, Southern, Wessex, South West, Severn-Trent, Welsh and North West.

Salmonid & freshwater Fisheries statistics England & Wales 1996

This is the Salmonid & Freshwater Fisheries Statistics for England & Wales 1996 produced by the Environment Agency in 1997. The principal aim of the Environment Agency in respect of fisheries is to maintain improve and develop fish stocks, the basic fisheries resource, in order to optimise the social and economic benefits from their sustainable exploitation. This report is the second collation of salmon and migratory trout catch statistics for England and Wales produced by the Environment Agency. For the years 1989-94, these statistics were published by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and the years 1983-88 by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Directorate of Fisheries Research in its Data Report series. The 1996 data, have been presented in a broadly similar format to those of 1995. This report makes a general review of different catches: Northumbria, Yorkshire, Anglian, Thames, Southern, Wessex, South West, Severn-Trent, Welsh and North West.

Salmonid and freshwater fisheries statistics for England and Wales,1997

This report is the third collation of salmon and migratory trout catch statistics for England and Wales produced by the Environment Agency. For the years 1989-94, these statistics were published by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and the years 1983-88 by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Directorate of Fisheries Research in its Data Report series. This report is designed to be a reference document of declared salmonid catches in England and Wales and is produced in the autumn following the season. Salmon stock assessment data including provisional catches, counter run estimates and some juvenile data are now published in an annual assessment for the International Council for the Exploitation of the Seas (ICES). The first report in this series was published jointly by the Environment Agency and the Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquatic Science (CEFAS) in April 1997 (Anon 1998).

Salmonid and freshwater fisheries statistics for England and Wales,1998

This report is the fourth collation of salmon and migratory trout catch statistics for England and Wales produced by the Environment Agency. For the years 1989-94 these statistics were published by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and for the years 1983-88 by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Directorate of Fisheries Research, in its Data Report series. This report is designed to be a reference document of declared salmonid catches in England and Wales. Salmon stock assessment data including provisional catches, counter run estimates and some juvenile data are now published in an annual assessment for the International Council for the Exploitation of the Seas (ICES). The second report in this series was published jointly by the Environment Agency and the Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquatic Science (CEFAS) in April 1998 (Anon 1999).