11 resultados para Área costera

em Aquatic Commons


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La situación de las ciencias del mar en la Argentina se puede caracterizar como una de ‘excelencia en aislamiento’. El tema dominante de las discusiones mantenidas por el comité que preparó este informe fue la virtual inexistencia de coordinación entre programas de investigación, equipo para realizar tareas de campo y personal científico y de apoyo en las instituciones. La coordinación que existe ocurre gracias a enormes esfuerzos individuales y a relaciones personales. Si bien en muchos lugares hay investigadores destacados y entusiastas, casi todos sufren de aislamiento físico, mínima financiación y la necesidad de prestar servicios por contrato para llevar adelante su trabajo. Además, como suelen carecer de interacción científica con colegas, les resulta muy difícil diseñar programas con una perspectiva amplia del ecosistema. Muchos laboratorios padecen de problemas estructurales, en especial la carencia de equipamiento moderno y destrezas actualizadas. Muy pocos reúnen una masa crítica de investigadores, y aun aquellos que congregan a muchos científicos no parecen practicar la coordinación entre proyectos ni usan mecanismos que faciliten una interacción constructiva. No se advierten programas que utilicen técnicas moleculares más allá de un nivel superficial. No hay bibliotecas adecuadas, por lo que es poco realista que las autoridades institucionales pretendan que resulten publicaciones de alto vuelo y de circulación internacional. Las mejores instituciones se encuentran diseminadas entre Ushuaia y Buenos Aires, pero hay escasas reuniones nacionales en las que establecer contactos, intercambiar ideas y diseñar colaboraciones. Con una excepción, no hay buques oceanográficos disponibles para investigar y las embarcaciones menores son pocas, lo que impide realizar estudios sobre la plataforma e incluso cercanos a la costa. Algunos de los mejores grupos han concentrado su actividad en el área costera, lo que limita seriamente el alcance de sus investigaciones. El comité formuló algunas recomendaciones, detalladas al final del informe, que permitirían comenzar a atacar estas carencias. Una necesidad fundamental sería un plan oceanográfico nacional que reconozca la magnitud de la plataforma argentina, la importancia de las ciencias del mar y la escala de los problemas que encaran sus disciplinas. Un elemento crítico de tal plan sería la necesidad de apoyar amplios estudios integradores, para comprender cómo peces y mamíferos marinos utilizan la productividad del Mar Argentino, desde la costa hasta más allá del borde de la plataforma. El plan también debería encarar la financiación unificada y el uso compartido de embarcaciones y equipo de alto costo. Por último, debería asegurar recursos para apoyar a estudiantes y, más importante aún, promover la creación de oportunidades laborales para graduados, lo que contribuiría a solucionar el problema de la fuga de cerebros que al presente acosa a estas disciplinas. Las recomendaciones contenidas en este informe acerca de reflexionar y reorganizar la infraestructura científica en el más alto nivel gubernamental no podrán encontrar aplicación sin que haya coordinación y comunicación entre la comunidad de científicos del mar en la Argentina. Las ciencias marinas necesitan unificar su discurso para explicar la importancia del ambiente oceánico y sus recursos para la nación, y para presentar recomendaciones en orden de prioridad para el futuro.

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This paper deals with the Calanoidean Copepod of the Mar del Plata area (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) which were obtained in 71 starions during 5 oceanographic cruises performed on April, August-September and December, 1963 and on March and May, 1964. The area under study ranges from 37°20' to 38°45' L.S. and from 56°30' to 58°10' L.W. The samples were gathered from coastal, surface waters. Quantitative data could not be obtaine, except for and estimation of the time of flow through the plakton net. A total of 13 species of Calanoid Copepods were found. The species found were described, and drawings were made of those structures wich ere considered of taxonomic value. Data were included on the geographic distribution, with emphasis on South Atlantic and areas Antarctic.

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The individuals studied came from commercial catches on the coastal area off Mar del Plata. The monthly distribution of sizes shows that the juvenile stay in coastal waters, while the adult individuals leave those waters during winter season to return there in the spring during the season of sexual maturation and spawning, when the water reaches temperature of 10-11°C. The jack mackerel is a relatively small fish, compared with other species of its genus, and has a total length of scarcely 25 cm. The comparison of indexes and mesurements does not reveal any marked difference between sexes, except for the total length, which is greater in the females. Sexually nature individuals at a lenth of 13 cm have been found. Spawning takes place in coastal waters. A great part of the population spawns from December to January. There are oscillations ranging from November to March. On this latter month mature individuals of smaller size have veen found. The jack mackerel feeds usually on copepods and other planktonic organims, but it can feed also on juveniles of other fishes. This fish is caught throghout the whole year. The catches show their greater peak during winter; one other non-constant peak occurs during the spring (October-November) and declines shoraply during the summer months. It follows from this that the time of greates catch does not coincide with spawning season, or with the appearence of the greatest mean sizes. This happens because the interests of the fishermen are attracted during those months by others species of greater commercial value.

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Under the name of Campañas Oceanográficas Mar del Plata I-V, five oceanographic surveys were done together with the Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, in the area between Faro Querandí and Mar del Sur. (Argentina, Province of Buenos Aires). A total of 82 oceanographic stations were covered and physical-chemical (temperature, oxygen, salinity determinations), sedimental and biological samplings (plankton and bottom organisms) were obtained. Bottom organisms collections were made with a conventional type of dredge 1 meter wide and 46 cm high grame with a net of thin mesh 2,60 m. Macrofauna components were only considered. This data allowed us to attempt a bionomic and litological chart of the studied area.As the sediments seem to have great heterogeneity over the hole studied area, in many cases the bottom fauna collections belonged to defferent associations which made difficult the limitations of areas covered by each one. Anyway we can draw that we are very near the minimun limits.

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This article relates about the identification of a potential area for deep-sea fishing of mackerel, carried out during a more general survey conducted by the Soviet trawler Sebastopolsky Rybak.

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A cruise aboard the vessel Cassiopeia was held from 14 to 22 November 2000. The objective to map the fishing areas, to study the variation of the catch, income, specific composition and length on wishbone Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus (cachucho) in relation to fishing areas, depth and immersion time of the fish pots. The total capture registered was 4.350,00 Kg for 1600 fish pots and 32 effectuated throws. The highest capture per throw was registered in the interval of depth between the 140 to 180 meters. Regarding the time of immersion, the better captures were obtained in the interval between 25 and 30 hours. The profits during this cross were for fish-trap (2, 71 kg), per throw 135,00 Kg and for immersion hour 6,07 kg. P. coeruleopunctatus (cachucho) was more abundant in number in Quissico, while in Zavora it was abundant in number and also in weight. Likewise, the cachucho was more abundant in number and weight in the captures of the fish pots submerged less than 24 hours, 100-140 meters depth. Cachucho catch under 100 meters depth was quite reduced (less than 1 %). The middle length of the cachucho captured during the cross was 275,7 mm. There were significant differences in the lengths of the cachucho accordingly to depth or fishing area. The smallest individual (fish) was captured by fish pots that were submerged more than 24 hours. The principal recommendations of the study refer to maintenance of the current fishing effort with regard to the number of fish pots, and explore the fishing areas on a rotating basis, to avoid the local effort, currently high.

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Se aborda el estudio de la pesca costera en la Argentina (océano Atlántico sudoccidental) teniendo en cuenta los factores económicos, sociales y políticos que promovieron su retraso o desarrollo. Para comprenderlo se analizan las diversas etapas históricas desde la época de la conquista (1580) hasta nuestros días. Se detalla sobre la actualidad de las artes de pesca en pequeña escala, las características de los pescadores, el manejo de las pesquerías costeras y el conflicto por los recursos y perspectivas.