Investigation on reproduction process in two species of crab, Eriphia sebana and Ocypode saratan in the intertidal zone of Chabahar area

The present study with headline investigation on reproduction in two species of crab Eriphia sebana and Ocypode saratan was carried out in the intertidal zone of Chabahar in thirteen month from December 2004 to December 2005. Checked samplings have been taken, 45 number Crab monthly from any four stations by manual or use trap. During this study the following subjects were measured: temperature range and salinity, measurable coast granule, determination of sex ratio, relations carapace width with carapace length, Carapace width with total body weight, Gonad weight, gonadosomatic index, condition factor, gastrosomatic index, investigation content in stomach, LM50, growth parameters, plenty distribution length and width and gonad weight and total body weight. Studied on measurable coast granule were expressed that Ocypode saratan in Desalination station, were nest in soils equable sand and this quantity were confirmed in Pozm station. Sex ratio were assign in desalination area and Pozm M: F 0/44:0/56 and in Tiss and Chabahar M:F 0/45:0/55. Carapace length and carapace width (cm) and body weight (g) Furthest were designated in Ocypode saratan within carapace width sequential: In female: 5/42-6/15-105/13 and in male: 5/53-6/25-108/91 and in Eriphia sebana within Tiss area sequential: in female: 5/12-5/94-110/21 and in male 5/14-60/01-114/37. Have been linear relationship between carapace length and carapace width and equaled CW=aCL+b. Weight growth in two species were be modal and equaled BW=aCLb And increased crab weight by built up carapace width. Maximum gonad weight in Ocypode saratan within Desalination area in female have been outcome 3/39 and in male 0/84g and in Eriphia sebana extreme within Tiss during may in female were be 4/18 and in male 1/1g. Stomach content in Eriphia sebana were involved a black until half-purplish liquid and yellowish in Ocypode saratan. Stomach contents identifiable were being in four groups: Molluscoid, Crustacean, Plankton and Fish. Carapace width during the first year of maturation have been LM50:3/77 in Desalination area and LM50:3/92 in Pozm for Ocypode saratan and LM50:4/26 in Tiss and LM50:4/62 in Chabahar. Ability spawning in Eriphia sebana within Tiss has been CW=4/17cm and in Ocypode saratan within Desalination area CW=4/23cm. Maximun value of Loo for Eriphia sebana was equal 59/67 and growth factor K=0/68 within Tiss and Loo =61/64, K=0/65 for Ocypode saratan within Desalination area. Maximun GSI and GI have been within Desalination area and Tiss and minimum within Pozm and Chabahar. The maturity stages of two species were classifed into six stages. Review on GSI, CF have been showed that relation with temperature and salinity and definer in two species have been spawned in two period that Maximun in spring premier than autumn.

The study of Indian shrimp larvae feeding by enriched rotifer with vitamin C and unsaturated fatty acid (epa, dha) and its effects on growth factors, survival rate and environmental stresses

In this experiment, the feeding of Indian white shrimp larvae by unenriched rotifers (treatment 1) and enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acid (treatment 2) and highly unsaturated fatty acid along with vitamin C (treatment 3) on the growth factors, survival and resistance against salinity and formalin stress tests were studied and their differences with control treatment including newly hatched Artemia nauplii is compared. In this the study four treatments in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates per treatment were used. Farming of shrimp larvae of Zoea II to postlarvae 5 was done in 20 liter plastic bucket. Present results indicated that growth factors and survival rate of stage Zoea II to postlarvae 1 in treatments 1, 2 and 3 improve rather than control in which this case was due to optimal size rotifer rather than Artemia nauplii. Also, treatments 2 and 3 feeding with oil liver cod emulsion enriched rotifer have the highest concentration of DHA (mg/g DW) and the ratio DHA/EPA in which due to have shown the highest growth factors and a significant difference (P<0.05) with treatments 1 and control. The highest survival at stage PL1 were observed in treatment 3 that was enriched with ascorbyl palmitate in which have to the synergistic properties of vitamin C rather than treatments 2, 1 and control and showed a significant difference (P<0.05). But in stage PL5 the highest amount of growth and survival rates were related to control treatment which showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with other treatments that control has higher size rather than treatments 1, 2 and 3. Also, among experiment treatments that the two treatments 2 and 3 due to enrichment had higher growth and survival rates compared with treatment 1 in which their differences have also been significant (P<0.05). In the case of stress tests, results indicated that the highest survival rate has been reported when specimens were offered a diet containing high levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids with vitamin C. So that in stage PL1 in the salinity stress tests 10 and 20 ppt the highest survival rate was observed in treatment 3. As for the second, treatment 2 showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with treatment 3. It is worth mentioning that treatment 3 showed a higher survival rate compared to treatment 2 due to the synergistic properties of vitamin C. The difference between these two treatments with treatment 1 and control was also significant. No significant difference was observed in formalin stress test 100 ppm in this stage between treatments 3 and 2 which shows the highest survival rate. But their difference with treatments 1 and control was significant (P<0.05). Also, in stage PL5 in the salinity stress tests 10 and 20 ppt the highest survival rate was observed in treatment 3 which showed no significant difference (P<0.05) with control treatment. While their difference in the amount of survival rate with treatment 1 and 2 was significant (P<0.05). In this stage, the highest observed survival rate in formalin stress test 100 ppm included treatments control, 3 and 2 among which there were no significant differences (P<0.05). While the difference between these three treatments with treatment 1 was significant.

Genetic variation survey of intra-specific (Sepia pharaonis) in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using PCR-RFLP

This research was conducted to identify Cuttlefish population (Sepia pharaonis) in The Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using PCR-RFLP. Specimens were collected from )0 different stations. Bottom trawling method was used for sampling from different zones of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, and finally specimens from S. Pharaonis were collected at each station . DNA was extracted by phenol—Coloroform method. One pair primer was designed based on 1As rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. The results obtained from 1 As rRNA gene RFLP, which was reproduced by PCR technique, were analyzed and utilized for study of diversity of the Cuttlefish population. PCR product with o pair base in length achieved for all specimens, which was subjected to enzymatic digestion by A restriction action enzymes: Alu I-Taq I-Mnl I-Rsa I-Hind III-Dra I-vu II and Hae II DNA bands patterns in all specimens digested by those enzymen showed similarity with no any polymorphism. From this result, it can be concluded that there is not any possibility to isolate different populations in the studied Cuttlefish species under exploitation of rRNA gene.

Extraction and structure elucidation of natural compounds of some gorgonians of the Persian Gulf and also physiological and pharmacological effects of gorgonian extract on some selected organisms

In the present research, investigations were carried out for structure elucidation of natural compounds and also for studing biological and teratogenical effects of two Genus of soft corals named as " Echinogorgia cf. indica" and "Sinularia erecta" in Persian Gulf. First, 350 gr Echinogorgia was extracted by Acetone, then, the extract was separated by ether from aqueos phase to give 4.5 gr oil. The oil eluted with Petrol - ether Et2 o (9:1) which was recovered Linderazulene and it's derivative as purple Cristals (350 mg/ca 0.1 %). In order to determine molecular structure, the Samples were used for spectroscopic method as: H1- NMR , C13- NMR and 2D NMR. Also, for extraction and structure elucidation of natural compounds, the soft coral " sinularia erecta " were used 1187/37 gr and extracted by Aceton. The extract was concentrated and resulting aqueous suspension and extracted by using ether to give 8.41 gr oil. The oil , was Chromatographed on a column of silica gel and some different fractions were gathered. Initial fraction (1-11) which were nonpolar compounds were seprated by GC/MS. Mass spectrum were prepared and much compounds were recognized.

Distribution and growth biology of rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata in the Oman Sea

Distribution and growth biology of rock oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) in the northern shores of Oman sea have been struied. During this one-year study, samples have been taken monthly from ten different stations. quantity of vertical distribution of this species was obseredl in the mid - intertidal zone. After determining the spread pattern, the following subjects were studied: - Growth parameters - Distionction of the "cohorts" - Determination of "spawning Season" - Condition of the "Gonado Somatic Index" - Sex ratio - Length of the species during the first year of maturation. - Identification and determination of percentage of "Biofouler Organisms." Results obtained from the above - mentioned studies show that considering a growth factor (k) of 0.52, the value of "Loo " for this species is equal to 114 (mm).Five to six different age groups were observed among the samples taken. In the areas where this study was conducted, this species grows 24 to 30 (mm) in the first year of its life this growth rate is lower in the higher - aged grpups relative to the lewer - aged groups, so that the longest size classes grow between 4 to 6 (mm) per year. • The maxinum Value of the "Condition Index" is in the pozm area and the minimum value of it belongs to Darak and Tang areas. Along with the increase in the growth of gonads the above mentioned condition index increases gradually simultaneous with the onset of spawning. Also, study of the influence of environmental factors on the maturation process suggests that the most important factors affecting maturation and spawing are temperature and salinity. The study of GSI shows that this species has a coordinated bimodal spawing trend, with its spring peak in june and its autumn peak, being still higher than the spring peak, in september. The recruitment curve confirms the above spawning peaks with its peaks occuring after a delay of one month or maximum two months in comparison to the spawning peaks. The results of calcuation of "Sex Ratio" of this species in each area show that sex ratio is 1:1. Among the first size classes that reach maturity, nearly 67% of the samples are male and the remaining 33% are female. with the increase in the shell size, the percentage of males decreases and the percentage of females increases. , The above facts prove the protandrous nature of this species the diagram showing the sizes of the first samples which reach maturity suggests that more than 50% of the samples mature after their length exceeds 36 (mm). The shortest mature sample was found to have a length of 22(mm). After studying "Biofouler Organism" nine different invertebrate groups were indentified. Barnacles and Tunicates have the highest and lowest percentages respectively. According to zonal observations, Barnacles and polychacta do the greatest damage to this species.

The residue measurment of pesticide in water and biota of the Sorkhrood River in the south of the Caspian Sea

Pesticide residue is considered as a crucial factor in the fresh water ecosystem pollution of north Iran (Esp. Gillan and Mazandaran provinces). It is also regarded dangerous to the health of human being and animals. In this research , pesticide residue in 3 species of fish was gauged in stations of the Haraz river , the Sorkhrood river , and the Caspian sea. The sampeles were taken during 27 mounths (started in April 97 and ended to June 99). The maximum level of pesticide in water was found in July 98 for lindine at 12.4 ppb. The level of chlorinated pesticide residue recorded at 63 ppb in April 98. The level of. organophosphorus pesticides residue in water was at 1.75 ppb in Aug 97. The toxicity of the mentioned pesticide and bioaccomulation were taken into account in conducting this researched.

Biodiversity and production of bioactive material from cyanobacteria in Persian Gulf

In this project sampling was done from 9 stations in 3 depths during 5 seasons to separate, identify and examine the biodiversity of cyanobacteria. Another sampling also has been done to analyse all physical and physicochemical parameters, primary production and polluting agents such as heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons in water and sediments. Along with optimization of Oscillatoria to study the ability of producing natural substances, these cyanobacteria were analysed from the point of antimicrobial and mutagenic effects. To examine the relationships among analysed parameters, the regression test, analysis of varian and Post Hoc were used. As the result of this study 48 genus of cyanobacteria were pecognised among which 35.5% were croco ccales and 64.4% were Hermogonals. Oscillatoria was one of the Filamentous cyanobacteria which had antibacterial and mutagenic effects. The results of multicommunity consistency varians test, post Hoc and homogenous subsets show significant difference between biodiversity of cyanotbacteria in coral ecosystem, Mangrove and transite. The linear correlation coefficient between biodiversity of cyanobacteria and bioenvironmental agents were examined, but there was no continuous relation between these factors and biological biodiversity. In Surface layer there was a significant correlation coefficent at 0.048 and probability at 95% confidence interval. Also, the biodiversity is depended on oil pollution and heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr).

Population dynamics and management of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) of the Oman Sea

The Yellowfin tuna was caught more than all other species in the southern waters of Iran (24000 tons in 1998). In order to come up with the responsible fishing pattern, there was a need to identify some of the biological characteristics and population dynamic parameters. This thesis was the first which covered the whole Yellowfin tuna distribution in the Oman Sea, included the fishing grounds of Berris, Ramin, Chabahar, Pozm and Jask. The data during 1998-99 from different fishing grounds were polled. Based on the exponential relationship between length and weight in the size range 38-173 Cm, the relationship (W=aL^ b) was calculated as W=0.000012L ^ 3.0831). The mean fork length,head length,girth and weight were calculated respectively 84.15 Cm, 23 Cm, 53 Cm, and 11828 g. Length infinity was estimated 189 Cm with growth parameters of 0.42 per year. Growth performance index was 4.18 which was in agreement with the findngs of the other studies in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The mortality parameters and exploitation rate were estimated as below: Z = 1.75-1.85 M=0.6 F=1.25 E=0.68 Occurence of empty stomach was high (60%) in the speciemens obtained from the Oman Sea. Purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) was the most dominant prey species observed in the study (57% in females and 60% in males), occurrence of teleost fishes were found to be the second (38% in males and 42% in females). Crabs also were identified in the specimens(1-2%). The study on sex ratio indicated that males were predominant at all sizes above 120 Cm fork length. 50.82% of specimens were males and 49.18% females. The monthly gonadosomatic index was deriven higher values during January to June which could be indicated as spawning period.

Effects of toxins induced by phytoplankton bloom on physiological function of indicator animals in Anzali Lagoon

The present overview summarizes data from one year's study during the period of 1379 to 1380 in the regions by "Anzali" lagoon called "Abkenar" and "Hendkhale". Specimens from this lagoon obtained weekly during mordad and shahrivar mounths (July 21 to september 21). The study included 67 types of 5 phytoplanktonal phylum. In "Abkenar" region Cyanobacters with maximum of 97% and minimum of 64.5% of total combination of phytoplanktones made the dominating combination during the period of study , while in "hendkhale" chyrsophyta with maximum of 89% and minimum of 38.7% of total phytoplanktonal was the dominating figure at the same period of time. Researches on ecological parameteres showed that the avarage dissolved oxygen in -Abkenar" and "hendlchale" regions was 10.7 and 8.0 mg/lit respectivly, also total rate of Phosphat in these regions was 0.085 and 0.15 mg/lit respectivly. This study showed that the rates of Nitrat and Amonium in "Abkenar" region was 0.043 and 0.79 mg / lit while for the same substances in "Ilendkhale" measured 0.08 and 0.7 mg I lit respective. Also the avarage rate of chlorophyll a in these two areas measured 58,38 and 40.45 j.un /ht respectivly. Depending on results of correlation cofficient in "Abkenar" region we had Cyanobacters , water and air temperature , Chlorophyll a and total amount of Phosphat as a poitive correlation with transparency while Amonium and Nitrat showed , a negative correlation , EC and finally dissolved oxygen showed a very low rate of correlation coffiocient. To perform this research 5 genus of Cyanobacteres horn "Anzali" lagoon have been isolated and cultured in a laboratorial conditions Later by using Mouse Bioassay method one of these genus identified as a toxic algae. Levels of LD50 with intra peritoneal injection of toxin on mouse in 24 hours was 660 mg/kg and Levels of LC50 by using Bioassay method on Artemia and Daphnia has been shown 618 and 1000 mg kg respectively. Also the physiological effects of were investigated. algae on two types of Cypronides family called Cyprinus carpi° and Hypophrthabnichthys Resultes of blood analyses of Cypronides who were feeded by toxic algae showed a significant decline (P < 0.05) in white and red blood cells and their hematocrites. Levels of LDH , SGOT and SGPT in their blood serum had a significant increase in porportion to control group (P < 0.05) but there was no evidance a differences in Total Protein levels. Pathological studies show damage and destruction of hepato pancreas and kidney of these fishes. Signs and symptoms of intoxication caused by Cyanobacter called Planktohrix agardlltii in mouse and fish show heptotoxic character. This toxin belongs to cyclicpeptides of microcystines group.

Genetic diversity of Saccostrea cucullata population in the northern coast in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Genetic diversity of Saccostrea cucullata in the northern coast lines of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman were determined using DNA extraction and RAPD - PCR. A total of 300 samples were collected from 6 station along the coastline. Two out of six primers showed positive results namely GCG - ATC - CCC - A (Primer 1) and GTC - CAC - ACG - C (Primer 5) which were in accordance with morphometric analysis. The number of bands in the two above - mentioned primers in Khor - Tang and Chabahar station (Province of Sistan and Balouchestan) was significantly different from the number of produced bands in Dayer and Bushehr station (Province of Bushehr) as well as Gheshm and Bandar - Lengeh station (Province of Hormozgan). The cluster analisys was used to confirm the above variations. The results showed that the oyster population can be divided into two separate clusters. The first cluster included Bushehr Dayer Gheshm and Bandar - Lengeh species. The second cluster included Khor - Tang and Chabahar species. The analysis also showed that the first cluster can be divided into two Sub — cluster. Bushehr and Dayer belong to one Sub - cluster whereas Gheshm and Bandar - Lengeh form the other Sub — cluster. The formation of different vluster can be related to Physico - Chemical properties of water and climatic variations in different habitats along the Persion Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Key words: Molecular genetics, Population, RAND, PCR' Saccostrea cucullata

Evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide and levaemisole hydrochloride in the treatment of Persian sturgeon, Chinese carp eggs and juveniles

During a two years research hydrogen peroxide efficacy evaluated for Persian sturgeon, Chinese carps and common carp eggs. These series of the experiments conducted in various conditions different concentration of hydrogen peroxide include 250, 500, 750, 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 and 9,000 PPM used as ten and fifteen minutes baths, compared with Malachite green and natural control . In the next phase effect of Levaemisole hydrochloride as an immunostimulator which applied as 5 mg/I in twenty minutes baths from day sixth after hatch evaluated by daily mortality rate and leukocytes counts. The results shown that according fertilization percent and temperature condition hydrogen peroxide at 1,000 and 1,500 PPM concentrations is a effective antifungal agent during incubation periods of Persian sturgeon and even sometimes increasing hatching rates significantly comparing with natural controls and Malachite green. In Chinese carps although hydrogen peroxide controls water molds but it is not recommended in high temperatures because it make shortened incubation time and mold infections will decrease. Also the results shown 750 PPM concentration of hydrogen peroxide in common carp eggs controls water moulds infections and increase hatching rate significantly comparing with Malachite green and natural control. Daily mortality rates accessing of Persian sturgeon fries show that 20 minutes baths of 5mg/1 levamisole hydrochloride decreases daily mortality rate during yolk sac absorption. Nitrogenous compounds: nitrate and ammonium differ significantly between treated tanks with control. Blood leucocytes concentrations as an immune index was different significantly in treated fishes by levamisole hydrochloride comparing with controls. In Chinese carps because yolks sac absorption time is short there is not necessary to use the levamisole hydrochloride. Although treated larvae were more active than controls. As a result our suggestions is to use hydrogen peroxide in Persian sturgeon and common carp artificial propagation and also suggest the use levamisole hydrochloride for Persian sturgeon beside management method in stress and pollution condition

Investigation on the species diversity of Pleuronectiformes order in the Iranian coastline water of Persian Gulf

In Iranian Coastline water of Persian Gulf we researched about flat fishes and revision their Scientitic names, Investigated diversity species (Pleuronectiformes) around three provinces such as khouzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgen. The aim focuse on introducting major family and Species Identification for this Purpose 1311 Specimens collected. Then 36 investigation Parameters includes 18 Morphometric, 11 meristic, 7 distribution has been measured in Excel. The descriptive statistic in spss software would be able us to graph dendrograms by Clustering methods, then Design a standerd table and comparised all the datas with it six major family has been found in Iranian Coasline which named: Soleidae, Bothidae Paralichtidae, Cynoglossidae, Psettodidae, Citharidae. Some of the scientific species names such as Pseudorombus arsius, P. annulatus, P. elevatus, P.malayanus, P. triocellatus from Bothidae family Join it to Paralichtidae family and Eurylossa orientalis change It's name from Soleidae family to Brachirus onentalis. Cynoglossus, bilineatus, C.Puncticepts, C.durbaensis, Clachneri, one of the most Important Point that viewed in our samples, founding a new species (C.Sp) Which we couldn't identify it with all the known keys, then sent it to international Scientific references for this porpose. (Family Cynoglossidae); Pseudorombus annulatus, P. elevatus P.arsius, P.malayanus, paralichtodes algoensis, Poecilopstei Javanicus (Family paralichthidae) Arnoglossus aspilos,A.arabicits, Engyprosopon grandisquama, L.pectoralis, Pseudorombus navalensis, Psettina brevirictis (family Bothidae); Psettodes erumei (Family Psettodidae); Citharoides macrolepis (Family Citharidae) in khouzestan Brachirus orientalis, Parachirus marmoratus, solea elongata, Zebrias synapturides (Family Soleidae) Cynoglossus bilineatus, C.puncticeps, C.arel, C.kopsii, C. Capenis (Family cynoglossida); Pseudorombus arsius, P. elevatus, P. malayanus, Poecilopstei javanicus (Family Paralichthidae); Laeops guentheri, Arnoglossus aspilos, Engyprosopon grandisquama (Family Bothidae); Psettodes erumei (Family psettodidae) in Bushehr. Brachirus orientalis, Parachirus marmoratus (Family Soleidae); Cynoglossus arel, C.bilineatus, C.Puncticeps, C. lachheri (Family cynoglossidae); Pseudorombus arisus, P. elevatus, P. malayanus, Poecilopestie j avanicus (Family parlichthidae); Arnoylossus aspilos, A. arabicus, Laeopes guentheri (Family Bothidae); Psettodes erumei (Family Psettodidae); Citharoides macrolepis (Family Citharidae) In Hormozgan. Khozestan has the maximus diversity speices (26 species) and the minimum is Hormozgan (15 Speices). 13 species of five family has never reported inpersian Gulf but we identify them in our studies for the first time. We abserved 29 Species of six family in our studies, comparision between are resualts with other researches shows that this use is the most compelet study in Iranian coastline water of Persian Gulf.

Evaluation and comparison of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and physical treatment on fungal infection prevention and hatching rate of Iranian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)

Ozone due to having low half-life and devoid of environmental harmful effects is recognized as one of the most effective disinfectant and fungicide in aquaculture. The objective of this study is to consider the effects of periodicay ozonation, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and physical treatment capability in hatching rate enhancement. Three concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 ppm ozone (10 min) and peroxide hydrogen with dose of 500 and 1000 ppm in two procedures accompanied with physical treatment and without physical treatment were examined on hatching rate. In the first year, Egg ozonation (0.1 ppm) with physical treatment have been resulted the greatest hatching rate (81.4%). In the second year, egg treatment with 1000 ppm hydrogen peroxide with physical treatment have been showed the greatest hatching rate (78%). Average hatching rate for the blank control treatment (without disinfectin and physical treatment) was 32.7%. From the economic viewpoint, 0.05 ppm ozone with physical treatment, due to considerable minimizing at consumption energy and ozonation system retention costs, indicated as the best treatment than other ozone treatments for fungal control. Very low correlation (r=-0.14) have been observed between hatchery water temperature and fungal infection percentage in control treatment.

Examining the possibilty of multiplication and breeding of (Schizothorav [sic] zarudnyi) in order to restoration of regional aquatics reservations of Hamoon Lake and taking its advantag [sic] for aquaculture

Schizothorax zarudnvi, is an endemic fish of east country waters. (Triple lagoons of Hamoon and relevant water resources) that in the world it is reported in this resource specially. This fish named Hamoon mahi is one of the most economically valuable species in this region. Because of the recent years droughts, Hamoon logoon has been drive since 2000. Also, semi-wells (a semi natural resource) were affected drastically by recent drought years and their volume reduced to nearly one third of their real volume and resulted in changing at growth and reproduction physiology process in Schizothorax zanidnyi, brood stocks. Beginning of this project was done from October 2003. It's field studies begun (brood catching) since November 2001 by two methods including entangling gairs and at semi wells of Sistan that (Beach seine) had maximum rate of preparing qualified brood stocks. Broods transferred to Cyprinidea reproduction work shop of Zahak and after taking primary measures they stored in to the edaphic pools. Increasing the success safety factor (coefficient) for artificial reproduction of Sthizothorax zarudnyi , identifying the appropriate tune for Hormonal acceptance (physiological preparation of broods) is needed , so this important work was done regularly by histological studies and GSI measurements since November. Highest GSI rates of females (%80.51) and highest IV stage abundance of sexual maturity (%l 00) were observed an march. On the base of this date, Hormone therapy was done on broods on march. The used hormones are as follows Hypophysis. extraction, GnRHa and Anti Dopamin at the dozes of 3-6 ml, 20-30kg and 10-15 ml per kg body weight respectively and 2-3 times from 11-12-80 they were injected. Injected broods kept in to two circumstances, flow-through (rounded pool) and stagnant systems. In stagnant system 14 and 19 individuals of female and male (Schizothorax zauiulnri) broods, respectively injected in 11th, 15111, 19th, and 24th of march 1380. Non of the injected broods in 11 and 15 and 19th march (in stagnant Condition) answered to Hormone therapy. After final injection broods had general less activity and a few of them died. Mean temperature of brood pond waters (daily) which were injected. Fluctuated between 10-25-13. 63°c but injected broods on 24th march had different characteristics. They had pale color and had few fecundity. In this stage of injection they hadn't any successful vulation. After injection, Mean daily water temperature was 15, 88-17, 54°c. In Flowing system, 13-16 individual of males and females respectively were injected on 15th, 19th, 22th and 23th march. None of injected producers on 15th and 19th march with mean daily water temperature of 10, 25-12°c were prepared for spawning but injected producers on 22nd an 23th march with mean daily water temperature of 13.5-1 rc responded about 75-100 percent. (Schizothorax zarudnyi) brood stocks were prepared for spawning after 353-428 hours/day from final injection. Diameter of obtained eggs (before fertilization) was between 1.9-2.3 min and of fertilized eggs was 3.8mm. Fertilized eggs of (Schizothorax zarudnyi) were hatched after 6-7 days with mean water temperature of 17.08°c. Mean length of on one day larvae was 9.47 mm. Larvae was 9.47 mm. Larvae adsorbed the whole yolk sac after , 5-6 days at 17- 1°c and were prepared for releasing in to edaphic pools. Because of the lack of necessary and complementary facilities in the region , they had to release them in to veniros and growing them for 8 days. At the end of 18th day , 35000 larvae (at first) released into an edaphic pond with a volume of 150m2. After growing them for one moth , mean length and weight of new hatched larvae was 29.41 mm and 1.12►r , respectively. With respect to results of this investigation , artificial reproduction of (Schizothorax zarudnyi) Can be possible at 14-17°C and flowing water with Hormonal treatment. It -s breeding has increased development than other cultural specious in the region. Due to high economical value of this specious in Sistan and ti-s specialization east waters of Iran and having high resistance and proper growth There is a need of it's development and reproduction and culture in fish culture fanns (edaphic ponds• two-purpose pools) at the region and country.

The survey of sexual maturity in Mugil cephalus so measuring sex hormones and histologic studies

In this study the process of female gray mullet brooders was carried out by using histological study and masurment of sex steroids. Results of histological studies showed that oocyte of gray mullet brooders in Gomishan Rearing Center conditions of develop to the end of yolk globule stage. The results were observed with oocyte in chromatin nucleolar stage (first stage) with means of diameter of 20 p m, in August, perinucleolar stage (second stage) in September with mean diameter of 87 p m, yolk vesicle stage (third stage) in October with mean diameter 200 p m and yolk granules stage (forth stage) from October to November with average diameter of 180 — 650 p m. For the reason of stopping oocyte develop at the end of fourth stage, hormonal induction to final oocyte maturation and ovulation was used. For this purpose, carp pituitary , HCG and LRH-A2 with different combinations were used in two stages, second injection was used 24 hours after first injection. 15 females brooders were divided in 5 groups, different hormonal combinations were injected to four groups and to fifth group as control, only saline, was injected. The process of female brooder rippening in hormonal induction was studied via masurment of sex steroids including 17 a - hydroxy progestrone, estradio1-17)6 and testosterone. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein during first injection, 24, 30 and 48 hours after the first injection. At the same time, for distinguishing histological changes the sample has been attained from the gonads Sex stroid fluctuation patterns in different brooder groups that injected hormon were similar, however hormonal composition had similar effects. All brooder that their oocyte in the beginning of hormonal injection were At the end of fourth stage with oocyte diameter average of 600 p m received to final maturation and ovulation. The brooder that its oocytes were At the begining or mid-fourth stage did not show ovulation but hormonal induction caused oocyte develop at the beginning of fifth stage. Study of 17-hydroxy progestrone fluctuation showed that the maximum level of this steroid (0.347 ng/ml) measured 30 hours after the first injection and was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than those of control group. So, 17-hydroxy progestrone is probably precursor of maturation inducing steroid (MIS). However the maximum level of that observed was coincident with germinal vesicle breakdown, oil droplets coalescence and dissolution of yolk granuls The maximum levels of esteradiol— 17/0 and testosterone (3.778 and 16.801ng/ml,respectively) in spawned brooders,were observed 24 hours after the first injection. levels of those steroids were significantly higher (p<0.05) than control group. Maximum level of sex steroids in the brooders that did not spawn to the end of treatment was observed with more delay than those in spawned brooders. Therefor maximum level of 17a-hydroxy progestrone (0.264 ng/ml) in those brooders observed in fourth sampling time and the maximum levels of estradio1-17a and testosterone (2.944 and 18.993 ng/ml, respectivly)observed in third sampling time that was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of control group. For the study of stress effect on brooders during the hormonal induction, level of cortisol was measured in every sampling time. level of cortisol had high fluctuation that showed handling level and stress effect on brooders. However maximum level of cortisol in majority of brooders was dominant in third sampling time that was coincident with final maturation.