Stock assessment of the demersal offshore fishery resources off the Karnataka coast

The total biomass of the demersal stocks in the depth range of 30-200m between 12°401 and 15°N latitudes in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone is estimated to be a:round 1,23,000 metric tons (t). There is scope for doubling the present catch of about 40,000 t from demersal resources by extending exploitation to 50-200m depth zone. About 78% of this increase is expected to come from four species, namely, Nemipterus japonicus, Priacanthus macracanthus, Saurida tumbil and Arius spp.

Performance of 25m large mesh demersal trawl off Veraval, north west coast of India

Performance of a 25m large mesh demersal trawl, with 150mm mesh size in the fore parts of the trawl was evaluated in comparison with one boat high opening trawl of the Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP) with 360 meshes of 160mm mesh size and 25.6m head rope length. An 8.2% increase in catch was obtained by 25m large mesh demersal trawl. The gear is comparatively cheaper, lighter in construction and offered better horizontal spread with significantly lower towing resistance. Commercial suitability of the gear for efficient harvesting of demersal fish resources of the region is discussed.

Feeding habits and trophic levels of some demersal fish species in the Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province) using Ecopath model

A trophic study was carried out in February of 2012 to January 2013 on the ecosystem in the Persian Gulf, Bushehr provience. A total of 2,948 samples of stomach contents were analyzed based on the weight and number of food items and were identified about 40 preys. Crustacean and bony fish were as a main prey in most of the stomach contents . The mean average trophic level was estimated at 3.6 by Ecopath software. In this research, the mean level were studied between eight species varied from 3.47 to 4.61, Saurida tumbil occupy the highest and the Argyrops spinifer was the lowest level. The ranges of total mortality varied from 0.7 to 3.05 per years. The food consumption rate was estimated about 69.82 per year. The overlap index showed that the prey items such as fish, crustacean, bivalve and echinoderm were shared about 65, 15, 15 and 6 percent in all stomach of individual in respectively. Mixed trophic analysis indicates that benthos have a positive effect on most of the fish species. Most species have a negative impact on themselves, interpreted here as reflecting increased with in group competition for resources. This preliminary model can be helpful to determine the gaps in the present knowledge about demersal system of the Persian Gulf.

Batho-spatial distribution pattern and biomass estimate of the major demersal fishes in Lake Victoria

A generalized bottom trawl exploratory survey was carried out on Lake Victoria to: (i) define the distributional pattern and magnitude of the lakewide demersal stocks, (ii) determine the commercial potential of Haplochromis spp. and (iii) evaluate trawling as a commercial fishing technique for Lake Victoria fisheries. Preliminary results suggest that: (i) bottom trawl catches are more representative of the stocks, (ii) species diversification and fish density decrease with increasing mean depth and (iii) at least 80%of the catchable demersal ichthyomass is Haplochromis. Though bottom trawling is a much more efficient fishing technique for the Lake Victoria fisheries, bio-socio-economic consideration impose that mechanization of the fishery should better proceed in graded steps. Besides demographic and nutritional considerations indicate the necessity for rational management and increased direct human utilization of the fishery resource.

Determination of biodiversity and spatial and temporal distribution pattern of demersal fishes in the Oman Sea

In this project, have been studied to determine the appropriate model to spatial, temporal and diversity of demersal fishes in the Sea of Oman, including Trichiuridae, Nemipteridae, Haemulidae, Arridae, Synodontidae, Batoidfishes, Carangidae, Scianidae, Carchariniformes and Serranidae. This research became operational from catch data during 2003 to 2013 (in 2007, due to the lack of ship failed). Processing and calculations was evaluated by using the software Excel, SPSS, Arc GIS and table curve 3D highest biomass and abundance was showed in strata A and C and 10-30 m depth layers was showed the best condition biomass. In other words, highest biomass was showed in the eastern region in the Oman Sea than the central and western regions. Batoidfishes and Trichiuridae had the highest biomass .Depth factors was showed a significant correlation with the biomass. Scianidae, Serranidae and Haemulidae were showed a large decline. Synodontidae was showed a very large increase. The largest of Shannon index belong to central and western region of the Oman Sea. The highest Shannon index was showed 10-20 and 50-100 m, respectively. The Distribution maps based on the biomass was analyzed by using Arc GIS software. So that were identified in the first time in a ten-year period and carefully catch stations any economic of aquatic group. In conclusion, the depth can be found in the pattern of distribution, abundance and diversity of fish from away the beach so that follow specific pattern.

Sobre el ecosistema de las aguas litorales de Mar del Plata. Niveles tróficos y cadenas alimentarias pelágicos demersales y bentónicos-demersales

The present paper deals with the trophic relationships of the communities of the coastal fishing area of Mar del Plata (Argentine). Different trophic levels of two main food chains (pelagic-demersal and benthic-demersal)were established. There are connections between both chains through certain species of invertebrates and fishes. This first try to establish the trophic relationships of our most important littoral communities, aims to set the preliminary bases for future energetic flow studies through the trophic web that gives a real economic importance to this productive area. (Document contains 45 pages)

Food habits as an ecological partitioning mechanism in the nearshore rockfishes (Sebastes) of Carmel Bay, California

In the kelp forests of Carmel Bay there are six common rockfishes (Sebastes). Three are pelagic (S. serranoides, S. mystinus, and S. melanops) and two are demersal (S. chrysomelas and S. carnatus). The sixth (S. atrovirens) is generally found a few meters above the sea floor. The pelagic rockfishes which are spatially overlapping have different feeding habits. All rockfishes except S. mystinus utilize juvenile rockfishes as their primary food source during the upwelling season. Throughout the non-upwelling season, most species consume invertebrate prey. The pelagic rockfishes have shorter maxillary bones and longer gill rakers than their demersal congeners, both specializations for taking smaller prey. They also have longer intestines, enabling them to utilize less digestable foods. S. mystinus, which has the longest intestine, may be able to use algae as a food source. Fat reserves are accumulated from July through October, when prey is most abundant. Fat is depleted throughout the rest of the year as food becomes scarce and development of sexual organs takes place. Gonad development occurs from November through February for all species except S. atrovirens.

La merluza del Mar Argentino (Biología y Taxonomía).

la Sección Ictiología del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" de Buenos Aires, comenzó desde principios del año 1952 el estudio de la merluza del sector bonaerense. Las investigaciones se limitaron a la obtención de datos biológicos de pequeñas muestras, seleccionadas de los lances de los buques pesqueros de altura, que actuaban en las áreas de pesca ubicadas hacia el sur de la latitud de Mar del Plata. Para llegar a un estudio completo biológico-pesquero de esta especie, se hizo imperiosa la necesidad de realizar investigaciones tanto sobre las particularidades merísticas y estadísticas de las poblaciones, como también de las condiciones hidrológicas del ambiente en el cual viven, abarcando áreas más extensas y manteniendo una continuidad en el tiempo. Pero, todo ello estaba supeditado a la existencia y utilización de un buque oceanográfico y de pesca experimental, como es de práctica en los países del litoral marítimo del hemisferio norte, en los cuales las investigaciones pesqueras se hallan grandemente desarrolladas. Entretanto el Servicio de Hidrografía Naval de la Secretaría de Marina, por intermedio del Departamento de Oceanografía, planeó el estudio oceanográfico sistemático del Mar Epicontinental Argentino según distintas regiones geográficas, con el fin de lograr un conocimiento más completo de la dinámica de sus aguas. Como el mundo biológico está íntimamente relacionado con la dinámica de las masas de agua, para complementar los datos hidrográficos con algunos biológicos que podrían ser de utilidad para la pesca marítima del país, se incluyó en el mencionado plan el estudio de la merluza. A tal ppropósito en las campañas efectuadas bajo la denominación de "Operación Merluza", durante el período de mayo de 1954 a febrero de 1956. ha participado en lo que a trabajos de biología pesquera se refiere, personal de la Sección Ictiología del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "B. Rivadavia" y del Departamento de Investigaciones Pesqueras del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Nación. A los efectos de la correlación de las observaciones biológicas con las fisicoquímicas del ambiente, se procuró realizar salidas coordinadas a bordo de algunos barcos pesqueros que actuaban en la misma región de los cruceros oceanográficos, buscando la posibilidad de coincidencia en tiempo y espacio. Conforme a este planteamiento se efectuaron varias salidas a las áreas de pesca de altura del sector bonaerense, principalmente a bordo del barco pesquero "Presidente Mitre" de la compañía "Pesquería Argentina de los Mares del Sud" de Buenos Aires. De acuerdo con el plan general de las campañas oceanográficas de la "Operación Merluza" (ver Capurro, 1955), los estudios de biología pesquera tuvieron los siguientes objetivos: 1o) Conocer la composición faunística, por distintos grupos de organismos, de los lances efectuados en la zona de pesca de altura del sector bonaerense y el grado de abundancia aparente de las especies de peces de importancia comercial; 2o) Determinar desde el punto de vista taxonómico las especies de peces extraídas, en particular las de la familia Merlucciidae, tratando de dilucidar si la merluza del Mar Argentino pertenece o no a una sola especie y si dentro de la misma existen entidades menores; 3o) Estudiar la estadística biológica de la población de merluza, según la distribución de las frecuencias por clases de largo total, y al mismo tiempo establecer el porcentaje de las clases comerciales y el estado del efectivo de la población;4o) Determinar las clases de edad, el ritmo de crecimiento y las relaciones entre la longitud y el peso total del cuerpo; 5o) Obtener un conocimiento más exacto acerca de la proporción de los sexos y el estado fisiológico de las gonadas a través del ciclo sexual; 6o) Determinar los componentes faunísticos que constituyen el alimento principal de la merluza, la cadena alimentaria, las variaciones individuales, estacionales y regionales del régimen nutritivo; 7o) Establecer las relaciones entre la dinámica de la población de merluza y las condiciones hidrológicas del ambiente; y 8o) Calcular el rendimiento de captura por unidad de esfuerzo en la zona de pesca de altura y relacionar los valores promedios con el fin de lograr alguna información acerca de los desplazamientos estacionales de la merluza. El presente trabajo se refiere a los tóptópicos mencionados y contiene los resultados obtenidos durante un período de 22 meses, es decir desde mayo de 1954 a febrero de 1956. Las conclusiones a las cuales se arribó tienen validez para la zona de pesca de altura del sector bonaerense y en especial para las condiciones de captura del buque "Presidente Mitre" en lo que a la estadística biológica se refiere. Además, uno de los fines de aplicación práctica de este trabajo fué el de verificar en qué medida las muestras biológicas obtenidas de los lances de la pesca comercial de altura, pueden servir de base para el estudio estadístico de la población de una determinada especie que se captura en gran cantidad. También merece destacarse que el presente trabajo constituye el punto de partida para el estudio biológico estadístico de la población de merluza en su dinámica a través del factor tiempo para un período mayor que debe sobrepasar el lapso normal del ciclo vital de esta especie. La finalidad de todo esto es la de obtener una base de comparación científica y estadística para un futuro control racional de la pesca de merluza en el Mar Argentino. Por último, los resultados del estudio de la merluza — en conexión con los de las campañas oceanográficas efectuadas en el sector bonaerense — podrían constituir los fundamentos iniciales para la confección de la carta pesquera del Mar Argentino. (PDF tiene 223 paginas.)

Notas sobre la industria de la pesca en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Excursión de setiembre a octubre de 1895).

Notas sobre las condiciones de la pesca, economía pesquera y comentarios adiciones durante la excursión realizada por Lahille durante setiembre a octubre de 1895, a localidades marítimas y cuerpos de agua dulce de la provincia de Buenos Aires.

El pejerrey de la laguna del Monte (Guaminí) en 1927-1928.

Entre las lagunas bonaerenses con pesca abundante del pejerrey, la de del Monte, en Guaminí, logró fama por su rendimiento extraordinario en determinados años, para luego decaer casi desapareciendo como fuente pesquera. En 1927 el gobierno provincial denunció el hecho de que "el pejerrey casi no crecía". Por esta causa, en ese año realicé estudios con tendencia a un planeamiento ecológico del problema pesquero y que repetí en 1928 cuando, según los pescadores, las condiciones de pesca eran más favorables. El hecho principal resultante es que, si bien el pejerrey de esa laguna no crecía más de 23 o 24 cm de longitud total, sus escamas exhibían 3 y 4 anillos, lo que indica otros tantos años de edad. Para esa edad, en otras lagunas el pejerrey es mucho más grande.

Size composition of catches of Yellowfin tuna in the Japanese long-line fishery in the eastern tropical Pacific east of 130°W

ENGLISH (pgs. 267-283): In the spring of 1963, the senior author, who is a member of the staff of the Nankai Regional Fisheries Research. Laboratory, Fisheries Agency, Japanese Government, came to the Institute of Marine Resources of the University of California as a visiting investigator, bringing with him catch statistical data from the fishery in the eastern Pacific, which had been collected at the Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory (NRFRL) through September 1962, in order to conduct studies of these data in collaboration with the junior author, and with investigators of the InterAmerican Tropical Tuna Commission. A general review of the long-line fishery, based on the catch statistics of the commercial fishing fleet has been published by Suda and Schaefer (1965). In this paper we present an analysis of data respecting the size-composition of yellowfin tuna taken on long-line gear throughout the eastern Pacific between 1958 and 1962, and make some comparisons with data on size-composition of yellowfin tuna taken in the near-surface fishery, by bait boats and purse-seiners, in waters adjacent to the American coast. As has been shown by Suda and Schaefer (1965), the long-line fishery in the eastern Pacific is primarily directed toward the capture of bigeye tuna. However, considerable quantities of yellowfin tuna are also taken on this gear, and, in addition, there are substantial catches of albacore and of several species of spearfishes in some parts of the range of this fishery. Information respecting the catch rates of yellowfin tuna, and information respecting the size-composition of the stock of yellowfin tuna being exploited by the long-line fishery, is of particular interes~" because the yellowfin tuna population of the eastern Pacific is also subject to an intensive fishery by baitboats and purse-seiners which capture this species, together with skipjack, near the surface along the coast of the Americas, and around the outlying islands, in the region of California to northern Chile. SPANISH (pgs. 311-329): En la primavera de 1963, el autor principal, quien es miembro del personal del Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Fisheries Agency del gobierno japonés, vino al Institute of Marine Resources de la Universidad de California en calidad de investigador visitante y trajo consigo datos estadísticos de las capturas de la pesquería en el Pacífico oriental, que habían sido recolectados en el Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory (NRFRL) hasta septiembre de 1962, con el fin de hacer estudios de esos datos en colaboración con el coautor y con investigadores de la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical. Una revisión general de la pesquería con palangre, basada sobre las estadísticas de captura de la flota pesquera comercial, ha sido publicada por Suda y Schaefer (1965). En este trabajo presentamos un análisis de los datos correspondientes a la composición de tamaños del atún aleta amarilla capturado con equipo palangrero en todo el Pacífico oriental, entre 1958 y 1962, y hacemos algunas comparaciones con los datos sobre la composición de tamaños del atún aleta amarilla cogido en la pesquería superficial cercana, por barcos de carnada y rederos en aguas adyacentes a la costa americana. Como ha sido demostrado por Suda y Schaefer (1965) la pesquería con palangre en el Pacífico oriental tiene como principal objeto la captura del atún ojo grande. Sin embargo, considerables cantidades de atún aleta amarilla son capturadas también por este equipo y, además, hay también considerables capturas de albacora y de diversas especies de peces-espada en algunas partes de la región que abarca esta pesquería. La información respecto a las tasas de captura del atún aleta amarilla, y la relativa a la composición de tamaños del stock de esta especie que explota la pesquería con palangre, es de particular interés, a causa de que la población de atún aleta amarilla del Pacífico oriental es también objeto de una pesca intensiva por barcos de carnada y rederos que capturan esta especie, junto con el barrilete, cerca de la superficie a 10 largo de la costa de las Américas y alrededor de las islas mar afuera, en la región desde California hasta el norte de Chile.

Interactions between adult migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and their prey during winter off the Virginia and North Carolina Atlantic coast from 1994 through 2007

The migratory population of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (>400 mm total length[TL]) spends winter in the Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia and North Carolina coasts of the United States. Information on trophic dynamics for these large adults during winter is limited. Feeding habits and prey were described from stomach contents of 1154 striped bass ranging from 373 to 1250 mm TL, collected from trawls during winters of 1994-96, 2000, and 2002-03, and from the recreational fishery during 2005-07. Nineteen prey species were present in the diet. Overall, Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) dominated the diet by boimass (67.9%) and numerically (68.6%). The percent biomass of Atlantic menhaden during 1994-2003 to 87.0% during 2005-07. Demersal fish species such as Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) represented <15% of the diet biomass, whereas alosines (Alosa spp.) were rarely observed. Invertebrates were least important, contributing <1.0% by biomass and numerically. Striped bass are capable of feeding on a wide range of prey sizes (2% to 43% of their total length). This study outlines the importance of clupeoid fishes to striped bass winter production and also shows that predation may be exerting pressure on one of their dominant prey, the Atlantic menhaden.

Cruise Report: Summer 2008 Ecological Assessment of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary NOAA Ship NANCY FOSTER NF-08-09-CCEHBR (June 14-June 21, 2008)

Summary: This cruise report is a summary of a field survey conducted within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS), located between Cape Cod and Cape Ann at the mouth of Massachusetts Bay. The survey was conducted June 14 – June 21, 2008 on NOAA Ship NANCY FOSTER Cruise NF-08-09-CCEHBR. Multiple indicators of ecological condition and human dimensions were sampled synoptically at each of 30 stations throughout SBNMS using a random probabilistic sampling design. Samples were collected for the analysis of benthic community structure and composition; concentrations of chemical contaminants (metals, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs) in sediments and target demersal biota; nutrient and chlorophyll levels in the water column; and other basic habitat characteristics such as depth, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, sediment grain size, and organic carbon content. In addition to the fish samples that were collected for analysis of chemical contaminants relative to human-health consumption limits, other human-dimension indicators were sampled as well including presence or absence of fishing gear, vessels, surface trash, marine mammals, and noxious sediment odors. The overall purpose of the survey was to collect data to assess the status of ecosystem condition and potential stressor impacts throughout SBNMS, based on these various indicators and corresponding management thresholds, and to provide this information as a baseline for determining how such conditions may be changing with time. While sample analysis is still ongoing a few preliminary results and observations are reported here. A final report will be completed once all data have been processed. The results are anticipated to be of value in supporting goals of the SBNMS and National Marine Sanctuary Program aimed at the characterization, protection, and management of sanctuary resources (pursuant to the National Marine Sanctuary Reauthorization Act) as well as a new priority of NCCOS and NOAA to apply Ecosystem Based approaches to the Management of coastal resources (EBM) through Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) conducted in various coastal regions of the U.S. including the Northeast Atlantic continental shelf. This was a multi-disciplinary partnership effort made possible by scientists from the following organizations:  NOAA, National Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR), Charleston, SC.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Atlantic Ecology Division (GED), Narragansett, RI.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Gulf Ecology Division (GED), Gulf Breeze, FL.  U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Wetlands Research Center, Gulf Breeze Project Office, Gulf Breeze, FL.  NOAA, Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO), NOAA ship Nancy Foster. (31pp) (PDF contains 58 pages)

Cruise Report: Spring 2007 Survey of ecological conditions along the continental shelf off Florida from Anclote Key to West Palm Beach NOAA Ship NANCY FOSTER NF-07-08-NCCOS (May 15 - May 28, 2007)

This cruise report is a summary of a field survey conducted in coastal-ocean waters off Florida from Anclote Key to West Palm Beach and from approximately 1 nautical mile (nm) offshore seaward to the shelf break (100 m). The survey was conducted May 15 - May 28, 2007 on NOAA Ship NANCY FOSTER Cruise NF-07-08-NCCOS. Multiple indicators of ecological condition were sampled synoptically at each of 50 stations throughout the region including 10 stations within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) using a random probabilistic sampling design. Samples were collected for the analysis of benthic community structure and composition; concentrations of chemical contaminants (metals, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs) in sediments and target demersal biota; nutrient and chlorophyll levels in the water column; and other basic habitat characteristics such as depth, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, sediment grain size, and organic carbon content. The overall purpose of the survey was to collect data to assess the status of ecological condition in coastal-ocean waters of the region, based on these various indicators, and to provide this information as a baseline for determining how environmental conditions may be changing with time. The results will be of value in helping to broaden our understanding of the status of ecological resources and their controlling factors, including impacts of potential ecosystem stressors, in such strategic coastal areas. (PDF contains 34 pages

Cruise Report: Spring 2006 Survey of ecological conditions of the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight NOAA Ship Nancy Foster NF-06-06-NCCOS (May 12 - May 21, 2006)

This cruise report is a summary of a field survey conducted in coastal-ocean waters of the Mid-Atlantic Bight from Nags Head, North Carolina to Cape Cod, Massachusetts and from approximately 1 nautical mile (nm) of shore seaward to the shelf break (100 m). The survey was conducted May 12 - May 21, 2006 on NOAA Ship NANCY FOSTER Cruise NF-06-06-NCCOS. Multiple indicators of ecological condition were sampled synoptically at each of 49 stations throughout the region using a random probabilistic sampling design. Samples were collected for the analysis of benthic community structure and composition; concentrations of chemical contaminants (metals, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs) in sediments and target demersal biota; nutrient and chlorophyll levels in the water column; and other basic habitat characteristics such as depth, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, sediment grain size, and organic carbon content. The overall purpose of the survey was to collect data to assess the status of ecological condition in coastal-ocean waters of the region, based on these various indicators, and to provide this information as a baseline for determining how environmental conditions may be changing with time. The results will be of value in helping to broaden our understanding of the status of ecological resources and their controlling factors, including impacts of potential ecosystem stressors, in such strategic coastal areas. (18pp.) (PDF contains 24 pages)