A Guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon. Supplement 2

This is the second supplement to "A guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon" by A. S. Mendis and C. H. Fernando, Bull. Fish. Res. Stn., Ceylon, No. 12, 160 pp. (1962). In the present supplement additions and corrections are made in the sections on Protozoa, Annelida and Arthropoda. The sections on Platyhelrainthes and Nematoda have been expanded and the Acanthocephala added. A list of species recorded and the hosts of the parasitic forms are included. In the "Guide", the insects with only larval stages in aquatic habitats were mentioned only briefly and no species lists were included. In this supplement this gap is largely filled by added notes and inclusion of species lists of all these groups except the Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Tabanidae, Syrphidae and Stratiomyidae. The orders Neuroptera and Lepidoptera have relatively few members in freshwater habitats and the families Tabanidae, Syrphidae and Stratiomyidae have forms with larvae in aquatic habitats and also in moist places which are not true freshwater habitats. At this time, it is not possible to separate those forms living in freshwater habitats. Short diagnoses of six additional families are given, namely, the ixidae, Psychodidae, Tabanidae Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae and Sciomyzidae. Keys are provided for the Odonata and Ephermeroptera larvae down to the family level. An attempt has been made to make the references more comprehensive. Works dealing specifically with the Ceylonese fauna are of course included, but in addition those which are of use in diagnosis of local genera and species have been cited.

A Preliminary survey of 21 Ceylon lakes. 3. Parasites and predators, food of fish, and marginal fauna

Three nematodes, two acanthocephalans and three cestodes were collected by dissecting 15 species of fish. Of these parasites only Hedruris sp. a larval nematode is responsible directly for the death of fish, since it is found in predatory species a reduction of these might prove of considerable consequence to fish, production. Bothriocephalus gowleonensis, a cestode probably introduced from China with Chinese carp, was recorded in an indigenous carp Puntius sarana. This parasite causes heavy mortality in grass carp in China and is a potential danger to local species. A single crustacean parasite was recorded. It is likely that they are widespread. No protozoa were recorded but there can be little doubt that they occur in local freshwater species and may be of considerable importance in fisheries. Several predators (insects, fish and other vertebrates) were recorded and are doubtless of considerable importance. However, the role of parasites and of predators (especially fishes) in relation to the productivity of fisheries can hardly be assessed at present and needs further study. A study of the fauna found at the shallow edges of 21 irrigation reservoirs showed an abundance of fauna in the low-country reservoirs whilst the up-country reservoirs had a poor fauna. The fauna showed insects, crustacea and mollusca in this order of abundance. The presence of insect and molluscs feeding fish in our fauna shows that these rich sources of food are being utilised.

A guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon. Supplement 3

This supplement to the “Guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon” by A. S. Mendis and C. H. Fernando. Bull Fish. Res. Stn. Ceylon 12, 160 pp. (1962) includes a number of additional records to the fauna and nomenclatural changes designed to bring the names of the Rotifera, and Hydracarina up to date. This latter involves a complete change in naming of Rotifera to keep in line with modern nomenclature synonymizing species where necessary. A major study on the water mites of India by Cook (1067) has necessitated considerable changes in the naming of Ceylonese species. Besides the Rotifera and Hydracarina the Ilemiptera-Heteroptera have received attention as regards the Corixidae and new generic and specific records from published and unpublished material has been included. A major difficulty in studying freshwater animals (for that matter any animals) is the lack of suitable illustrations of local forms. An attempt has been made to fill this gap for the Rotifera and Turbellaria, It is hoped that in future supplements other groups can be similarly dealt with.

Results of the Austrian-Ceylonese hydrobiological mission 1970 of the 1st Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna (Austria) and the Department of Zoology of the University of Ceylon Vidyalankara Campus, Kelaniya. Pt. 13. Some remarkable ripicol insects of the Ceylonese fauna

New Ceylonese records namely, Euscelimena gavialis (Sauss.), Paranemobius pictus Sauss. and semiaquatic cockroaches of the genus Rhabdoblatta were found in the collection of Saltatorid and Dictyopterid insects.

A fauna acompanhante de camarāo no Banco de Sofala: análise preliminar

An estimation of the total industrial catch of the shallow water shrimp by-catch for the period 1986-1990 is presented. By-catch species compositions based on landings and onboard samples at ex-Emopesca/Beira (Marbeira) and Pescamar are also presented. The by-catch is essentially composed by 2nd and 3rd commercial fish categories, other crustaceans and cephalopods appearing in varying proportions in the catch. The total catch of shrimp by-catch estimated for the period is approximately 17 to 25 thousand tons per year.

Relatório do cruzeiro realizado no Banco de Sofala pelo navio "Pantikapey" de 7-23/Junho/1981: peixes demersais e fauna acompanhante de camarāo

Catch composition and bathymetric distribution of demersal fish caught along the coast of Mozambique between parallels 16 degree 20' and 19 degree 30' S at depths of 11 to 180 metres are given. The shrimp by-catch was also studied.

Relatório do cruzeiro realizado no Banco de Sofala pelo navio "Pantikapey" de 7-23/Junho/1981: peixes pelágicos e fauna acompanhante de Carapau e Cavala

This report of the research cruise (7 to 23 June 1981) surveying pelagic marine resources of the Sofala Bank (Mozambique) describes the size composition, distribution, length-weight relationships and sex-ratio of the fish captured. Decapterus russellii, D. macrosoma, Selar crumenophthalmus and Rastrelliger kanagurta represented 21.7% of the total catch. The by-catch was also studied.

Relatório do cruzeiro realizado no Banco de Sofala pelo navio "Pantikapey" de 21 de Julho a 7 de Agosto de 1981: peixes pelágicos e fauna acompanhante de Carapau e Cavala

This report of the research cruise (21 July to 7 August, 1981) surveying pelagic marine resources of the Sofala Bank (Mozambique) describes size composition distribution, length-weight relationships and sex-ratio of the fish captured. Decapterus russellii, D. macrosoma, Selar crumenophthalmus and Rastrelliger kanagurta represented 21.7% of the total catch. The by-catch was also studied.

Relatório do cruzeiro realizado no Banco de Sofala no barco "Meleia" em Agosto de 1981: fauna acompanhante de camarāo

This cruise report describes the Sofala Bank (Mozambique) crustacean stocks and the fish by-catch. A survey was made of the stock assessment of demersal fish with commercial interest, fishing grounds, biology and distribution of the most abundant demersal fishes and the specific composition of trawl catch areas.

Guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Supplement 4

In the present supplement, where records in the past have been few in a group, new records are given of localities both as regards species previously recorded from Sri Lanka and especially for new records. This gives the new records more standing and may enable others to collect these species. Over 50 species are recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka. A general survey of the freshwater fauna is attempted. This is intended to give an indication of the groups as regards their numerical status in species and the extent to which different groups have been investigated. Using this data on the invertebrate fauna, the prospects for introduction of invertebrates is discussed.

Fish fauna of a coastal lagoon in Sri Lanka: distribution and seasonal variation

In this paper results of investigations carried out over the period of September 1977 to August 1978 are presented. These data were collected in the course of a detailed investigation into the biology and the eco-physiology of the young grey mullet and the grey mullet fishery of the Negombo Lagoon. In this paper the distribution and seasonal variation of fin fish species within the Negombo Lagoon are presented.

Post impoundment changes in the fish fauna of Kaptai reservoir, Bangladesh

Based on the present investigation and reviewing the published and unpublished documents critically, this communication considers the post impoundment changes in the fish fauna of Kaptai reservoir. Investigation reveals that a total of 73 species of fish belongs to 47 genera, 25 families and 2 species of prawn are present in the reservoir. Of them, 31 are commercially important, 6 and 9 species are newly identified.

Comparison of benthic fauna of two beels under different management system

A comparative study of benthic fauna between Rajdhala beel and Padmai beel of Netrakona District under different management system was carried out from July 1999 to January 20OO. An average number of 1113 and 1175 organisms/m2 were obtained from Rajdhala heel and Padmai beel respectively. A total of 22 taxa belonging to 8 diverse groups, Oligochaetes, Chironomids, Molluscs, Ceratopogonids, Diptera (other than Chironomids and Ceratopogonids), Ephemeroptera, Leeches and Crustaceans were recorded. Oligochaetes were dominated and constituted 46% and 49% ofthe total benthic population in Rajdhala heel and Padmai beel respectively. The next dominant group was the Chironomids, which constituted 31% and 30% of the total benthic population in Rajdhala beel and Padmai beel respectively. The highest number 1279 and 1437 individuals/m2 of benthic fauna was recorded in December from Rajdhla beel and Padmai bee! in respectively. The lowest number of benthic fauna 869 and 914 individuals/m2 were found during September and July from Rajdhala beel and Padmai beel respectively. Monthly variation of benthic fauna among two beels were found statistically significant (p<0.05). The numerical distributions of benthic fauna was found to be varied with depth ranges. However, the depth wise variation of total benthic fauna between two heels was not found statistically significant. Fish yield of Rajdhala beel (488 kg/ha/yr) was appreciably higher than the Padmai beel (250 kg/ha/yr).

Ecological risk assessment of pollution in sediment on benthic fauna in coast of Bandar Abbas

Ecological risk assessment is determination of the probability of an adverse effect occurring to an ecological system. This investigation was carried out to assess the ecological risk of sediment in coast of Bandar Abbass in 9 stations including Shilat Jetty, Hotel Amin, Poshte-Shahr, Souro, Bahonar Jetty, Powerhouse, Refinery and Rajaee Jetty from autumn 2013 to summer 2014. Results showed that Polychaete with 1177 , 1109 , 414 , 573 , ind.m2 in autumn 91 , winter 91 , spring 92 and summer 92 were the most abundant in frequency respectively. Among ecological indices, the Margalof that ranged from 4 to 7 was in a good situation while Shanoon and Berger – Parker with 1.2 (at most) and 0.32 (at least) respectively indicated an environment with probable stress. Heavy metal distribution obtained as Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn in sediment. In tissue, the distribution of heavy metals were as Crab>polychaete>Bivalve>gastropod for Pb, Gastropod>Bivalve>Polychaete>Crab for Cd, Gastropod>Crab>Polychaete>Bivalve for Cu and Gastropod>Bivalve>Crab>Polychaete for Zn. Maximum and Minimum of TOM obtained 10.16 and 1.96 percent in Posht-e-Shahr and shilat Jetty respectively and clay was the dominant grain in most area. Bioaccumulation coefficient of Zn and Cu was high in all stations. Igeo as a single index was high for Cd indicating a high risk in all stations. Potential Ecological Risk was high for Cu and Zn and goes increasingly from shilat Jetty to Rajee Jetty but goes down for Pb. Pollution index for Cu and Pb was nearly the same as Potential Ecological Risk but for Zn goes constantly. Among PAH, 5-ring and 6-ring PAhs were more concentrate comparison to other compounds in sediment. 2-ring and 3-ring, 3-ring, 4-ring and 5-ring and 5-ring PAHs were more concentrate in Gastropod, Bivalve, Crab and Polychaete respectively. HI as an index of PAH obtained 1. Ecological Risk Indices showed that the heavy metals are a serious risk for invertebrate in sediment but PAHs are not a risk for benthic community.

Abundance and composition of benthic fauna in Penaeus monodon Fabricius culture pond on the west coast of Malaysia peninsular

This paper reports a study on the benthic faunal abundance and diversity of tiger shrimp P. monodon culture ponds in Perak, west coast of Malaysia Peninsular. Sampling was carried out at three weeks interval throughout the 116 days culture period. In addition, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, transparency, pH and organic matter of soil were also measured. Results showed that the major groups of macro-benthos comprised of gastropod, foraminifera, polychaetes, bivalve and insects; whereas the meio-benthos comprised of harpacticoid copepods, ostracods, nematodes, gastropods, foraminifera, bivalve, insects, crustacean nauplii and polychaetes. In macro-benthos, the abundance of different sizes of Gastropods increased throughout the culture duration. This consisted of 37-98.20% for <1cm length, 1.80-61.50% for 1-2cm length and 1.18—1.30% for >2cm length. Other macro and meio-benthic organisms decreased linearly with the culture period. The depletion symptom indicates that the culture species may have intensively preyed upon the consumable (<0.5cm in size) benthic fauna together with detritus and artificial diet; or could have been caused by pond bottom deterioration via uneaten feed, faces and toxic gases.