Impact evaluation of community-based coastal resource management projects in the Philippines

The benefits of decentralizing the management of coastal resources to local governments and resource users have long been recognized, but the best systems for coastal resources management depend on many factors. A number of community-based management and co-management projects were started in the Philippines in the early 1980s. This report describes a comparative assessment of these projects to determine where improvements can be made in the design of future community-based coastal resource management projects. Early and continuing involvement by project beneficiaries is one of the factors that contributes to the success of the project development, implementation, and evaluation.

The Samar Sea, Philippines: a decade of devastation

Some of the major problems observed after 10 years that lead to resource degradation in Samar Sea are enumerated and discussed.

The cost of action: CRM investment in the Philippines

Knowing the cost of investment in coastal resources management (CRM) is important especially in understanding the cost of undertaking one and ascertaining whether the outcomes are worth the money spent. In the Philippines, various CRM projects have already been initiated and no studies have tried to account for the total level of investment. This paper provides an estimate of money spent or invested on CRM in the Philippines and examines the investment per km2 of coral reefs.

Tilapia broodstock development for saline waters in the Philippines

Four Oreochromis species were used in the study. Progenies from the 27 cross combinations (5 pure breds and 22 crossbreds) were evaluated in 10 environments with different salinity levels and agro-climatic conditions using communal rearing concept. Among the different cross combinations reared across environments, O. aureus x O. spilurus gave the highest body weight and O. mossambicus x O. spilurus, the highest survival rate. Positive percent mean heterosis were observed in the crosses between O. mossambicus x O. niloticus, FAC selected line and O. aureus x O. spilurus.

Community-based coastal resource management in Orion (Bataan, Philippines) : building community property rights in a fishing community

The Community-based Coastal Resource Management Project in Orion, Bataan, Philippines was started in 1991. The village level fishers organizations have formed a municipal-wide association called the Samahan at Ugnayan ng Pangisdaan sa Orion (SUGPO). It represents 70% of the small-scale fishers in Orion and has taken on the task of rehabilitating the degraded fishing grounds. The experience in Orion indicates that coastal resource management can be successful if the fishers have ownership of the program and the costs and benefits of the program are distributed equally in a manner acceptable to them.

Economic analysis of climate change adaptation strategies in selected coastal areas in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam

This report is an account of a cross-country study that covered Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. Covering four sites (one each in Indonesia and Vietnam) and two sites in the Philippines, the study documented the impacts of three climate hazards affecting coastal communities, namely typhoon/flooding, coastal erosion and saltwater intrusion. It also analyzed planned adaptation options, which communities and local governments can implement, as well as autonomous responses of households to protect and insure themselves from these hazards. It employed a variety of techniques, ranging from participatory based approaches such as community hazard mapping and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to regression techniques, to analyze the impact of climate change and the behavior of affected communities and households.

Economic analysis of climate change adaptation strategies in selected coastal areas in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam

Climate change with its attendant geophysical hazards is well studied. A great deal of attention has gone into analyzing climate change impacts as well as searching out possible mitigating adaptive strategies. These matters are very real concerns, especially for coastal communities. Such communities are often the most vulnerable to climate change, since their citizens frequently live in abject poverty and have limited capacity to adapt to geophysical hazards. Their situation is further complicated by the prospect of dealing with a confluence of hazards in comparison with those in other ecosystems. Against this backdrop Worldfish and the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) collaborated to implement the cross-country study “Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability Assessments, Economic and Policy Analysis of Adaptation Strategies in Selected Coastal Areas in Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam”. As its title suggests the study covered selected sites in Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. Employing a gamut of interdisciplinary methodologies -- ranging from community-based approaches such as community hazard mapping and focus group discussions (FGDs) to regression techniques -- the study documented the impacts from three climate hazards affecting coastal communities. These were typhoon/flooding, coastal erosion, and saltwater intrusion. The team also analyzed planned adaptation options suited to implementation by communities and local governments, augmenting autonomous responses of households to protect and insure themselves from these hazards.

Asserting rights, defining responsibilities: perspectives from small-scale fishing communities on coastal and fisheries management in the Philippines

In preparation for the Workshop and Symposium on “Asserting Rights, Defining Responsibilities: Perspectives from Small-scale Fishing Communities on Coastal and Fisheries Management in Asia”, held in Siem Reap Cambodia, from 3 to 8 May 2007, case studies were undertaken in six countries in Asia—Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand. Among other things, the studies aimed to document and explore the understanding that fishing communities have about their rights to fisheries and coastal resources, as well as the obligations and responsibilities associated with these rights, and to document and discuss their initiatives to assert these rights and fulfill their responsibilities. The studies formed the basis for discussions at the Workshop and Symposium. This case study from the Philippines will be found useful by NGOs, regional and national organizations of artisanal fishworkers, and anyone interested in fisheries and fishing communities in the Philippines.

Reports of the ICSF seminar / workshop on the conditions of fishworkers on distant water vessels, Manila, Philippines, 1-3 February 1991

This ICSF Exchange Programme held in Manila is an offshoot of the Bangkok Conference on “Global Fisheries Trends and Future of Fishworkers” held on January 22–27, 1990. One of the issues raised in that conference was about the operation of Taiwanese fishing vessels outside its territorial waters and the impact of such operations on small fishermen from the countries concerned. The presence of a Taiwanese fishworker as well as an NGO supporter contributed to an enlightening discussion as the former shed light on the sad plight of Taiwanese fishworkers who are the victims of such structural problems. This meaningful exchange between groups of fishermen, particularly Taiwanese and Filipinos, resulted in the plan of the Taiwanese delegation to have some Taiwanese fishermen visit the Philippines and immerse in fishing communities.

The food and feeding habit of Penaeus monodon Fabricius collected from Makato River, Aklan, Philippines

The food of Penaeus monodon collected from Makato R., from Sept 1977 to Jan 1978 is described with preliminary observations on its feeding habit and rate of foregut clearance. Feeding behaviour appears to be associated with the tidal phase. Foregut clearance rate is rapid, with 95% of food transported from the foregut 4 h after feeding. Frequency of occurrence and proportion of total food of various foregut contents are shown, as are dry weight, percentage mineral, organic and crude protein nitrogen from individual and pooled samples of gut contents, and foregut index in P. monodon collected during different phases of one tidal cycle.

Successful inoculation of Artemia and production of cysts in man-made salterns in the Philippines

The authors report on inoculation experiments of Artemia nauplii and young adults of the San Francisco Bay strains in earthen fish ponds. The test inoculated proved successful where water salinity ranges from 20 to 32 o/oo during the start of the rainy season in the Philippines.

Fundamental study on the behavior of milkfish fry for the evaluation of the efficiency of traditional fry collecting gears in the Philippines

The response of Chanos chanos fry to moving and stationary nets of different mesh size and colour, underwater visibility of the nets and water filtration were studied. Results indicate that milkfish fry may be driven by nets of mesh size larger than that presently used; larger mesh size decreases the net resistance in the water so that collectors may move the equipment easily. The large mesh nets should be of a dark colour, preferably black for effective driving; bowever white mosquito net is best for the core end, since the fry are more easily visible on a white background.

Occurrence of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) eggs around Panay Island, Philippines

The study documents the occurrence of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) eggs around Panay Island, Philippines: in Cuyo East Pass, Panay Gulf, Visayan Sea, Sibuyan Sea and Cagayan Islands. Most of the eggs, 545 out of 551, were obtained from Cuyo East Pass compared to Cagayan Islands and Sibuyan Sea while no milkfish egg was recovered from either Panay Gulf or Visayan Sea.

Catch composition of penaeid prawns caught with fish corrals at Batan Bay, Philippines

The study was undertaken to ascertain the commercially important species of penaeid prawns caught in Batan Bay, Philippines and their abundance in fish corrals. A total of 12 species were commercially caught: Penaeus monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. merguiensis, P. indicus, P. latisulcatus, P. japonicus, P. canaliculatus, Metapenaeus ensis, M. endeavouri, M. dalli, M. elegans, and Trachypenaeus fulvus.