High productivity and upwelling in the California Current during Oxygen-Isotope Stage 3: diatom evidence

Evidence for vigorous coastal upwelling and enhanced diatom productivity during the latter part of Oxygen-Isotope Stage 3 (OIS-3) is suggested by changes in diatom assemblages in laminated sediment from the northern California margin and in bioturbated and laminated sediment from Santa Barbara Basin. These conditions require strong along-shore or off-shore wind stress off California preceding the onset of global glacial conditions.

Biology and morphometry study of Drepane punctata (Cuv and Val) at juvenile stage of Bombay coast

The metric and meristic characters of Drepane punctata from Versova Fish Landing Centre of Bombay have been studied. The meristic characters showed considerable variations. The number of dorsal fin rays were relatively stable characters. Statistical interpretation of metric data indicated that there is a direct relationship between the preanal, predorsal in relation to total length and eye-diameter in relation to head length.

Length-weight relationship of Drepane punctata (Cuv. & Val.) at juvenile stage off Bombay coast

The study of the length weight relationship is highly useful to the fishery biologists in the study of population dynamics of fish and for determining the pattern of growth of stock. The parabolic equation for the length-weight relationship of Drepane punctata juveniles off the Bombay coast, expresses the value of "n" 2.83, indicating that the growth rate is less than the cube length.

Field application of anabolic steroids in carp seed production. Pt. 1. Rearing of fry to fingerling stage

Ethylestrenol (17β Hydroxy-17alpha-ethyl-estr-4-en-3-one) and Stanozolal (17β-Hydroxy-17alpha-methyl 1-5 alpha-androstano-(3,2-C)-pyrazole), both synthetic androgenic steroids, were fed via diet at 3ppm to the fry of catla, rohu and silver carp which were reared up to fingerling stage over a period of 167-172 days in earthen ponds. Ethylestrenol enhanced growth in silver carp and rohu but retarded growth in catla. Stanozolal depressed growth in all the 3 species. Length-weight relationship for these fry had been worked out and the relative condition factor in all the cases was very close to or slightly above 1.0.

Field application of anabolic steroids in carp seed production. II. Rearing of spawn to fry stage.

Two synthetic androgenic steroids, Ethylestrenol (17 β - Hydroxy - 17 α ethyl - estr - 4 - en - 3 - one) and Stanozolal (17 β - Hydroxy- 17 α - methyl - 5 a - androstano - 3, 2 - C - pyrazole) were fed via diet at 3 ppm to the spawn of Rohu and Mrigal which were reared up to fry stage over a period of 15 days in earthen carp nurseries. Both hormones enhanced growth of spawn. A maximum of 25.78% increase in length and 25.69% increase in weight as compared to the controls has been recorded. Growth rate was recorded to be 0.8 mm & 2.48 mg/day (control), and 1.13 mm & 2.67 mg/day (Stanozolol treated) in case of Mrigal spawn; and 0.91 mm & 2.39 mg/day (control), 1.12 mm & 2.90 mg/day (Ethylestrenol treated), and 1.10 mm & 2.57 mg/day (Stanozolol treated) in case of Rohu spawn. A decrease in the values of Relative Condition Factor upon hormone administration was also noticed.

The study of the ergosan and vibromax effects on growth performances, survival rate and increase of the resistance to some of the environmental stresses in post larvae stage of the Indian white shrimp

In this study, which has been done in Hormoz larve Hatchery at Kohestak in Minab at 1385, the efficiency of Ergosen and Vibromax vaccine and the effect of them on growth factors such as total length, Carapase, dry weight and the number of upper mordents of rostrum and survival of the stages of larvae and post larvae of Indian white shrimp was studied. Thus in order to comparison the effects of Vibromax and Ergosen, each of them separately, in one treatment, and in another simultaneously with one control treatment was used. Vaccination against larvae shrimps was done through Artemia. This study used four treatments with three replicates in a completely randomized design and comparison of means was done through Duncan test. Breeding larvae and post larvae of Indian white shrimp from zoa I stage to PL 15 was done in 20 litter plastic buckets. Present results indicated that the highest amount of growth and survival factors in larvae stage (from zoa to PL1), and also in stages of PL5 and PL15, in the treatment of Ergoson effect + vaccine and it was with a little difference from that treatment of Ergoson effect which was in high significance difference in regard to control treatment at α<0.01 level and treatment of vaccine effect and control treatment at α<0.01 level often have no significant difference. This research used environmental stress tests to study the quality of post larvae under experiment. Studying in this field showed that feeding vaccine to larvae of Indian shrimps which was done through Artemia nauplii enrichment ,and ergosen , in treatment of ergosen vaccine lead to more resistance of post larvaes against salinity stress tests and formalin .This case was observed in every three stages ,so that in stress formalin test 100 parts per million and also 10 and 20 salinity parts in thousands the most survival was observed in treatment of Ergosan effect+vaccine and after that in treatment of Ergoson effect and with a little difference in treatment of vaccine effect. Of course this case, in treatment of Ergoson effect + vaccine due to the synergistic properties vaccine with Ergoson was more than to other treatments, while every three treatments, in most stages had significant difference toward control treatment at α<0.01 level and the control treatment because of not having Ergoson and nauplii artemia with vaccine, having the least survival rate in this stages.