Tuberculosis in seals caused by a novel member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov.

A comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from seals (pinnipeds) in Australia, Argentina, Uruguay, Great Britain and New Zealand was undertaken to determine their relationships to each other and their taxonomic position within the complex. Isolates from 30 cases of tuberculosis in six species of pinniped and seven related isolates were compared to representative and standard strains of the M. tuberculosis complex. The seal isolates could be distinguished from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, including the recently defined ‘Mycobacterium canettii’ and ‘Mycobacterium caprae’, on the basis of host preference and phenotypic and genetic tests. Pinnipeds appear to be the natural host for this ‘seal bacillus’, although the organism is also pathogenic in guinea pigs, rabbits, humans, Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and, possibly, cattle. Infection caused by the seal bacillus is predominantly associated with granulomatous lesions in the peripheral lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, spleen and peritoneum. Cases of disseminated disease have been found. As with other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, aerosols are the most likely route of transmission. The name Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel member of the M. tuberculosis ...

South Lancashire Fisheries Advisory Committee 14th January, 1976.

This is the report from the South Lancashire Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 14th January 1976. The report contains information on land drainage representation on local committees, fisheries activities report, pollution on Colne water and Trawden water, oil pollution of the feeder stream to Scotman’s flash (Wigan), water bank releases at River Hodder, the progress made in implementing the recommendations contained in the 'Taking Stock' publication and a planning study for the post 1981 period. The section on fisheries activities reported by area fisheries officers looks at fish mortalities, feral mink, fish passing through counting stations at River Ribble and Hodder, and fish propagation plans for Langcliffe and Middleton hatcheries. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 19th January, 1976.

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 19th January 1976. The report contains information on land drainage representation on local committees, fisheries activities report, Heysham and Lancaster sewage disposal, planning study for the post 1981 period and progress made in implementing the recommendations contained in the 'Taking Stock' publication. The section on fisheries activities reported by area fisheries officers looks at fish taken for stripping at River Lune Broadraine and Northern area, the presence of feral mink, fish mortalities at Killington Beck and number of fish counted through the fish monitoring stations at River Leven and River Lune. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

South Lancashire Fisheries Advisory Committee 5th April, 1978

This is the report from the South Lancashire Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 5th April, 1978. It covers information on fisheries income and expenditure, net licence duties and the concern over the growning population of the feral mink. It also includes the report by the area fisheries officer on river conditions and fishing, and migratory fish movements at Waddow Weir, Winckley Hall and Locks Weir. Included in this report is an update on Langcliffe hatchery, the stocking of brown trout and rainbow trout by the Water Authority and Angling Associations, and fish mortality and fish disease. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

A comparative note on the modus operandii of reservoir development in Republic of China and India

Principles adopted by China for the development of reservoir fisheries are discussed. Production of some of reservoirs of China with that of India is compared. The reasons for obtaining higher production in China have been recognised as: emphasis on utilization of all resources for food production; direct feeding; use of selected varieties of fast growing carps; keeping 15 pigs per hectare of water area for application of pig void and application of manure; production of fingerlings at the reservoir sites enclaving coves and bays; grading and removing obstructions from bottom; rational harvesting and stocking and improvement of reservoir shore areas as a whole. Some of these measures which could be implemented in Indian conditions are briefly described.

The diversity of amphibians, reptiles and mammals and their importance in the Victoria and Kyoga lake basins

The shore margins of Lakes in the Victoria basin are highly dented and mostly swampy, fringed by Papyrus and other wetland vegetation types important habitats for herpetofauna and wetland adapted mammals. Of recent, the extent of the 'wetland' has been extended in several places by the Water Hyacinth (Eichornia cryaseps). Ecologically, amphibians are important in many ways; they are mostly predators, acting as primary and secondary carnivores. Their prey consists mostly of insects, some of which are pests to crops or disease vectors. They are also inter-inked in food chains, often acting as food for other vertebrates, such as pigs, birds, snakes and sometimes man. Because of their ectothermic physiology, the life history and ecology of amphibians often differ markedly from that of birds or mammals (McCollough el ai, (992).Amphibians are known to be an easily recognisable taxon in given habitats; and populations are sometimes specialised within a narrow habitat. This makes it easy and practical to monitor changes in composition over time, given different onditions (Heyer el al 1994, Phillips 1990). Impacts on their habitat are reflected in changes in numbers and species diversity in a short time. These are some of the factors that have made amphibians to be recognised, nowadays, as good indicators of habitat change