Station hydrologique cotière d'Abidjan de 1966 à 1980

In this document the monthly T-S diagrams and the regression lines of the temperature and salinity two weeks mean values have been drawn for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 meters of depth. The annual variations of the dynamic height anomaly are represented for every coastal station from 1966 to 1980.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) transmission risk through infected cooked shrimp products assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bio-inoculation studies

The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimps (Penaeus monodon) to the process of cooking. The cooking was carried out at 1000C six different durations 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min. The presence of WSSV was tested by single step and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the single step PCR, the primers 1s5 & 1a16 and IK1 & IK2 were used. While in the nested PCR, primers IK1 &IK2 – IK3 & IK4 were used for the detection of WSSV. WSSV was detected in the single step PCR with the primers 1s5 and 1a16 and the nested PCR with the primers IK1 and IK2 – IK3 & IK4 from the cooked shrimp samples. The cooked shrimps, which gave positive results for WSSV by PCR, were further confirmed for the viability of WSSV by conducting the bio-inoculation studies. Mortality (100%) was observed within 123 h of intra-muscular post injection (P.I) into the live healthy WSSV-free shrimps (P. monodon). These results show that the WSSV survive the cooking process and even infected cooked shrimp products may pose a transmission risk for WSSV to the native shrimp farming systems.

The U.S. Gulf of Mexico Party Boat Industry: Activity Centers, Species Targeted, and Fisheries Management Opinions

In addition to providing an overview of the party boat fishery in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, a management-oriented methodology is presented that can be used elsewhere to assess regulatory impacts. Party boat operators were interviewed to determine species targeted, percent time committed to targeting each species, and opinions on current catch restrictions. Over two-thirds of the fieet was located on the west coast of Florida. Overall, most boats targeted <5 species. Four species accounted for 90 percent of the estimated effort by party boats in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Snapper; Lutjanus sp.; grouper, Epinephelus sp. and Mycteroperca sp.; amberjack, Seriola dumerili; and king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla. Party boat effort in Texas was devoted primarily to snapper, whereas in Florida most effort was devoted to snapper and grouper collectively. Party boat operators were diverse in their opinions of management regulations in force when interviewed. Results revealed why major opposition would he expected from Texas party boat operators for red snapper bag limits and other restrictions proposed by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council.

Life history and production of Capitella capitata (Polychaeta: Capitellidae) in Río de la Plata Estuary (Argentina)

A benthic survey was carried out from November 1998 to December 1999 in the tidal flats of Bahía Samborombón (Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina), in order to study the population structure, reproductive aspects, growth and secondary production of Capitella capitata (Fabricius, 1780). Growth was analyzed using ELEFAN routine, and the secondary production was estimated by Hynes and Coleman's method (1968). C. capitata did not present periods of very important recruitments throughout the year; however, the abundance of smallest size classes was higher during summer and autumn. The summer cohort showed a growth rate (K) of 2.05 and a seasonal growth oscillation (C) of 0.6, pointing out that worms grew very slowly during winter months. The life span of this cohort was 13 months. The autumn cohort showed a lower growth rate (K= 1.5) and its growth was lowest during winter. The life span was 15 months for this cohort. C. capitata in Punta Rasa presented an extended reproductive period, with absence of activity during winter months. The type of eggs and larvae suggest that C. capitata has benthic larval development in the study area, destining its reproductive effort to the production of a low number of eggs, and assuring larvae survival through incubation in brooding tubes. The annual mean biomass in Punta Rasa was 0.117 g m-2 (AFDW), with a mean secondary production of 0.23 g m-2 y-1 and a P/B ratio of 1.96 y-1. The relatively low density, biomass production and P/B ratio of C. capitata in Punta Rasa can be considered as reference values for this species inhabiting undisturbed or moderately disturbed areas.

Climatological data in Mexico [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): This is a previous presentation of what has been observed in points spread in Mexico. The existing data amount is large enough that an atlas was given out in 1977. This atlas has information which goes back to the beginning of the country. The original data sets from which this atlas was issued exist in a variety of storage forms ranging from simple paper blocks up to books and magnetic tapes.

Abundance of cetaceans in the oceanic northern Gulf of Mexico from 2003 and 2004 ship surveys

The Gulf of Mexico (GMx) is a subtropical marginal sea of the western North Atlantic Ocean with a diverse cetacean community. Ship-based, line-transect abundance surveys were conducted in oceanic waters (>200 m deep) of the northern GMx within U.S. waters (380,432 square km) during summer 2003 and spring 2004. Data from these surveys were pooled and minimum abundance estimates were based on 10,933 km of effort and 433 sightings of at least 17 species.The most commonly sighted species (number of groups) were pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata (115); sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus (85); dwarf/pygmy sperm whale, Kogia sima/breviceps (27); Risso’s dolphin, Grampus griseus (26); and bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (26). The most abundant species (number of individuals; coefficient of variation) were S. attenuata (34,067; 0.18); Clymene dolphin, S. clymene (6,575; 0.36); T. truncatus (3,708; 0.42); and striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba (3,325; 0.48). The only large whales sighted were P. macrocephalus (1,665; 0.20) and Bryde’s whale, Balaenoptera edeni (15; 1.98). Abundances for other species or genera ranged from 57 to 2,283 animals. Cetaceanswere sighted throughout the oceanic northern GMx, and whereas many species were widely distributed, some had more regional distributions. Compared to abundance estimates for this area based on 1996-2001 surveys, the estimate for S. attenuata was significantly smaller (P <0.05) and that for the spinner dolphin, S. longirostris, appeared much smaller. Also, P. macrocephalus estimates were based on less negatively biased estimates of group-size using 90-minute counts during 2003 and 2004.

Some aspects of the biology of Trypauchen vagina Bloch and Schneider of Bombay coast

Morphometrics of 14 metric and 6 meristic characters of Trypauchen vagina of Bombay coast is presented. Number of spines and rays of dorsal, anal and pectoral fins differ with earlier studies. Sexual dimorphism in the length of caudal and anal fins was observed. Length weight relationship of males and females have been worked out to be W = 0.00000 687L super(2.8440) and W = 0.00000 2747L super(3.0274) respectively. The fish is a prolific breeder and peak breeding activity occurs in December. The growth rate was found to be 15.20 mm/month.

Field trials on culture of Clarias batrachus

Culture of Magur, Clarias batrachus on an experimental basis was carried out for a total of 159 days in 6 earthen ponds each of 0.02 ha in area, singly in 2 ponds and in combination with Rohu, Labeo rohita in 4 ponds. Three different artificial feeds were used. Growth of Magur varied from 89 to 110 and survival form 93 to 100%. Out of the 3 feeds used, feed formulation 2 yielded better results. Length-weight relationship parameters were found as log W=0.4979067+1.878346 log L; -1.1116438+2.3511497 log L; and -1.238157+2.433125 log L indicating growth to be not isometric. Relative condition factor (K u) was close to or higher than 1.0 only in fishes higher than 200 mm of total length; K. values which were less than 1.0 up to January, reached values greater than 1.0 by March-April. Condition appears to be influenced by spawning rather than feeding.

A guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon. Supplement 3

This supplement to the “Guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon” by A. S. Mendis and C. H. Fernando. Bull Fish. Res. Stn. Ceylon 12, 160 pp. (1962) includes a number of additional records to the fauna and nomenclatural changes designed to bring the names of the Rotifera, and Hydracarina up to date. This latter involves a complete change in naming of Rotifera to keep in line with modern nomenclature synonymizing species where necessary. A major study on the water mites of India by Cook (1067) has necessitated considerable changes in the naming of Ceylonese species. Besides the Rotifera and Hydracarina the Ilemiptera-Heteroptera have received attention as regards the Corixidae and new generic and specific records from published and unpublished material has been included. A major difficulty in studying freshwater animals (for that matter any animals) is the lack of suitable illustrations of local forms. An attempt has been made to fill this gap for the Rotifera and Turbellaria, It is hoped that in future supplements other groups can be similarly dealt with.

Cryopreservation of sperm of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus for genetically improved seed production

Experiments were conducted to develop and standardize the protocols for cryopreservation of sperm of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and also for using the cryopreserved sperm for fertilization of eggs. Nine extender solutions as Alsever's solution, kurokura-1, kurokura-2, urea egg-yolk, egg-yolk citrate, 0.6% glucose, 0.9% NaCl, Ma and Mb, and five cryoprotectants namely ethanol, methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylamine (DMA) and glycerol were tested. The cryoprotectants were mixed at 10% concentration of the extenders (v/v) to make the cryodiluents. Milt and cryodiluents were mixed at a ratio of 1:9 for Alsever's solution, kurokura-1, kurokura-2, 0.6% glucose and 0.9% NaCl, 1:4 for urea egg-yolk, egg-yolk citrate, Ma and Mb. Among the cryodiluents Alsever's solution mixed with either ethanol or methanol was found to be suitable and it produced more than 90% and 80% spermatozoan motility at equilibrium and post-thaw periods, respectively. Kurokura-1 and kurokura-2 when mixed with the same cryoprotectants showed good spermatozoan motility at equilibrium period (80-90%) but the motility was reduced (30-55%) at post-thaw state. Other extenders did not produce acceptable sperm-motility and in some cases the frozen milt became clotted. Different dilution ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:12, 1:15, 1:20) were formulated for obtaining a suitable milt dilution, the dilution ratio of 1: 9 (milt : cryodiluent) demonstrated the highest post-thaw spermatozoan motility (80%) in Alserver's solution. The optimum concentration of cryoprotectants in the cryodiluents was determined, 10% concentration level was found to be effective to produce the highest number of spermatozoan motility in comparison to the other concentrations (5%, 15%, 20% 30%). Sperm preserved with the cryodiluent Alsever's solution along with either methanol or ethanol was found to be effective to fertilize eggs and produce hatchlings. The hatching rates ranged between 1.48% and 14.76%, compare to control. The fish produced through use of cryopreserved sperm and normal sperm were found to grow well and no significant (P<0.05) growth difference was observed between them. In case of silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus, sperm tested against six extenders such as egg-yolk citrate, urea-egg-yolk, kurokura-1, kurokura-2, 0.9% NaCl and modified fish ringer (MFR) solution. Cryoprotectants used were the same as those of C. carpio. Milt was diluted with the cryodiluent at a ratio of 1:4 for egg-yolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk, 1:5 for kurokura-1 and 1:9 for 0.9% NaCl, MFR and kurokura-2. The cryoprotectant concentration was maintained at 10% of the extender (v/v) in all the cases. Among the extenders, egg-yolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk mixed with 10% DMSO, methanol and ethanol produced 50% post-thaw spermatozoan motility, whereas DMA and glycerol provided only 10% motility. Trials on milt dilution ratio and cryoprotectant concentration are being conducted. Fertilization trials are also underway.

Acute toxicity of four heavy metals to Sphaeroma walkeri and Ciroiana bovina (Crustacea:Isopoda)

The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of two Isopoda species exposed to each tested metal (Cu. Co, Cd and Zn) in static tests for different exposure periods are quite variable depending on the tested metal The LC50 values for Sphaeroma walkeri after 24 hours exposure to Cu and Co were estimated graphically to be 11.20 and 7.00 mg/1 respectively. The correspoding values for Cirolana bovina exposed to Cu, Co, Cd and Zn were 3.60, 11.0, 3.80 and 4.80 mg/1 respectively. For 2 days the LC50 of S. walkeri exposed to Cd was 5.60 mg/l, but it was 10.10 mg/l for 3 days exposure to Zn. After prolonged exposure the LC50 values decreased proportionally with the exposure duration of the test the percentages of surviving animals demonstrated a progressive decrease with increasing concentratins as a main factor from the analysis of variance (ANOV A). The sensitivity of adult S. walkeri exposed to the four heavy metals for different exposure times ranked: Cd>Co>Zn>Cu. Cirolana bovina appeared to be more sensitive to Cu. Cd and Zn than to Co. Species in order of increasing sensitivity is C. bovina more than S. walker.

Sperm cryopreservation of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita: cryodiluents, sperm: cryodiluent dilution ratio and cryoprotectan t concentration

Cryogenic preservation trials of spermatozoa of Labeo rohita were carried out. Twenty four cryodiluents (extender + cryoprotectant), with the combination of six extenders such as egg-yolk citrate, urea-egg-yolk, 0.9% NaCl, Kurokura-2, Ma and Mb and four cryoprotectants viz. DMSO, glycerol, methanol and ethanol, were used to screen out the suitable cryodiluents. Sperm was preserved in 0.25ml plastic straw in programmable freezer. Two step freezing method was followed. Sperm preserved with egg-yolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk containing 10% DMSO showed best post-thaw motility (80%) followed by 0.9% NaCl (60%) and Kurokura-2(30%) solutions. Sperm with the extenders M" and Mb clotted at the time of equilibration and also after few days of preservation. Egg-yolk citrate mixed with ethanol and methanol also showed good percentage of motility (80%) but egg-yolk citrate with glycerol showed less sperm motility (>60%). To determine suitable dilution ratio of milt and cryodiluent two best extender eggyolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk with four cryoprotectants such as DMSO, glycerol, methanol and ethanol at different ratio viz 1:2,1:4,1:7,1:10,1:15 and 1:20 were used. Highest post-thaw motility (>80%) was observed when milt was preserved with egg-yolk citrate containing 10% DMSO at 1:2, 1:4, 1:7 and 1:10 dilutions. Meanwhile using glycerol as cryoprotectants provided less post thaw motility at lower dilution ratio but with the increase of its dilution showed good sperm motility compared with other cryoprotectants. Finally, evaluation on the effect of cryoprotectant concentration on post-thaw sperm motility was conducted. Egg-yolk citrate and four cryoprotectant i.e. DMSO, glycerol, methanol and ethanol with six different concentrations namely 5%,7%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%.were evaluated. Among the cryoprotectants DMSO, methanol and ethanol showed highest post-thaw motility (about 80%) at 7% and 10% concentrations. Although glycerol was not suitable at low concentration but its 20% and 30% concentration levels provided best post-thaw motility. No post-thaw motility was obtained with DMSO at 30% concentration. The overall analysis on cryoprotectant concentration indicated that below 5% and above 20% cryoprotectant concentrations could not be suitable for effective cryopreservation of spermatozoa.