Hydrobiological status of a lesser Himalayan river

It is generally observed that a variety of physical and chemical variables have considerable impact on the biological life in a mountain river which include plankton, benthic algae, benthic invertebrate and finally the fishery resources. They are often subjected to extreme hydrological disturbances particularly during rainy seasons when increased volume of water create 'Wash Off' situation for existing fauna and flora. A case study of a lesser Himalayan river - the Gaula, which drains the south-central part of Kumaon region in Uttaranchal is presented here. Since this river does not get snow-melt water, it mainly depends on steady flow of the groundwater round the year. The climate of the area is characterized with long winters, short summer and good amount of rain during monsoon months. The infiltrated groundwater which seeps into the surface soil layers during monsoon seasons is the chief source of discharge of water during winter and summer season

Early developmental stages of two Secutor species (Family: Leiognathidae) collected from the Bak-khali river estuary of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Early developmental stages of two Secutor species, Secutor insidiator (Bloch) (11.9-36.0 mm standard length, SL) and Secutor ruconius (Hamilton-Buchanan) (14.0-33.0 mm SL) collected by ichthyoplankton net from the Bak-khali river estuary of the Bay of Bengal, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh are described and illustrated. All of the fins with supporting spines and rays were present in the smallest collected sizes of both species. With growth of the specimens, significant changes in melanophore patterns were found. S. insidiator is similar to S. ruconius in having upward protracting mouth parts and body colouration, but can be distinguished easily by its more elongate body shape (body depth 38-47% of SL compared with 46-52% of SL in Secutor ruconius). Both the species occurred round the year from August 1998 to July 1999. The surface water temperature and salinity during the study period varied from 22.0-32) C and 10-37 ppt respectively.

Cephalopod fishery at Kakinada along the east coast of India: Resource characteristics and stock assessment of Loligo duvauceli ·

At Kakinada along the east coast of India, cephalopods were exploited by trawls. Fishery occurred round the year with peak during August-October. Peak abundance and fishery of cuttlefishes coincides with this period, whereas for squids it is during March-May. Cephalopod production continued to increase initially with fishing effort, until 1995, but declined thereafter despite increased fishing effort and expansion of fishing to deeper waters. Fishery, growth, mortality, recruitment pattern and exploitation rates of Loligo duvauceli were studied. Nearly 97% of their catch was by zero year groups. They attain sexual maturity and spawn during the first year itself. Spawning occurred round the year with peak during December-February. Exploitation rate of the species is large, 0.741 compared to Emax (0.44). This indicated that their stock is under heavy fishing pressure and subjected to over-exploitation. Stock also exhibited declining trend over the years during 1995-'99. These necessitate immediate attention to avoid coHapse of the stock and fishery.

Distribution, biology and behaviour of the giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis- a candidate species for mariculture

Fishery and biology of the giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis exploited along the Tuticorin coast of Tamilnadu were monitored during 2001-2006. Fishery occurred round the year with peak landings during April-August. Spawning and recruitment occur almost round the year with peak during November-December. Young ones are abundant in shallow coastal waters and as grows, they move to deeper waters. Growth parameters, L"' and K are estimated respectively as 143.6 cm and 0.69/year and 'to' as -0.0242 year. Estimates show that they grow fast and attain 73, 108, 126 and 134 cm in total length by first, second, third and fourth year respectively. Their weight increment is also fast and attains 5.5 kg, 16.8 kg, 25.9 kg and 33.7 kg respectively during the period. Stock assessment indicated that the stock at present is over exploited and under heavy fishing pressure. Rearing trial in aquarium tank showed that they are compatible to confined rearing conditions. Based on the distribution and biology of the species, their mariculture potential is discussed.

Marketing of small indigenous species of fish (SIS) in three selected fish markets of Mymensingh

A socio-economic survey was conducted round the year in three fish markets at Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The selected markets were categorized as rural market (Sutiakhali market), a peri-urban market (Kamal Ranjeet market, BAU) and an urban market (Notun Bazar market, Mymensingh town). It was learnt from the survey that the availability of Small Indigenous Fish Species (SIS) declined to a great extent over the last few years and at presently many of such fish species are either threatened or at the edge of extinction. The supply of SIS was highest in KR market (37% of total) and more or less similar in Notun Bazar and Sutiakhali fish market (25 and 27% respectively). The total supply of SIS fluctuated from 25% to 35% throughout the year in these markets. About 48 SIS were found in the sampled markets over the survey period. The highest number of species (45) was found in KR market followed by Notun Bazar (42) and Sutiakhali (37) fish markets. During the survey, three critically endangered species namely, schilbid catfish, garua catfish and rita were found in these markets. Beside these, other 11 and 10 species were listed to be endangered and vulnerable respectively. The biodiversity of 21 SIS found in three markets were no threat at all. Three species (guntea loach, Indian glass barb and flying barb) were 'data deficient' as reported by the IUCN Red Book (IUCN-Bangladesh 2000). From the supply point of view small prawn, spotted snakehead, stinging catfish, pool barb, striped dwarf catfish, Gangetic mystus, walking catfish and tank goby were the prominent fish. The least available species found in this survey were lesser spiny eel, barred spiny eel, Gangetic ailia, freshwater garfish, zig-zag eel, flying barb, Ganges river sprat, freshwater river shad and dwarf gourami. The weight of SIS available in Notun bazar was highest and nearly double than other two markets. There was no significant difference recorded in the supply of SIS in Sutiakhali and KR markets. The average monthly SIS supply was 185, 192 and 467 kg in KR, Sutiakhali and Notun Bazar, respectively; therefore, the cumulative average supply was 844 kg per month in three markets. The price of SIS ranged widely from taka 50-450/kg depending on species, location of market, time of purchase and the condition of fish. In general small prawn, ticto barb, dwarf gourami, Gangetic leaffish, and Annandale loach were sold at a lower price (ranged taka 50-100/kg) and these species could be considered at the bottom of the market-price list. Other SIS like walking catfish, climbing parch, butter catfish, cotio and schilbid catfish valued as highest price (ranged taka 150-450/kg). There was no specific marketing chain for SIS in Mymensingh region. The components of marketing channels and their expansion varied with seasons and locations. The general pattern, however, was as this - after buying fish from fish farmer/fishermen, middlemen (locally known as Foria) used to buy fish to wholesale market and sell to the wholesalers. The retailers used to buy fish from wholesaler through auction to the highest bidders. The retailers then send the fish to particular market where the fish reached the consumers. The livelihood strategy of SIS retailers in three fish markets showed that socio-economic constraints such as low income, poor educational background, low economic status and lack of capital are the main constrains [sic]. Most of the retailers proposed that government should control the fish price throughout the year, so that the producers can get reasonable and stable price. Construction of cold storage and preservation facilities at market sites, improvement of road and communication, improvement of physical market facilities and reduction of market chain is essential. Credit facilities, improvement of their standard of living, health and sanitary condition, housing condition, children education and access to drinking water facilities were identified as additional aspects to improve socio-economic condition of SIS retailers.

Investigations on long distance transportation of fish. 5. Transportation of filleted and round seer fish (Scomberomorus sp.) from Kakinada to Calcutta by rail

Iced seer fish (Scomberomorus sp.) was transported by rail in expanded polystyrene insulated plywood boxes from Kakinada to Calcutta in round and fillet forms. While both withstood the rigors of transportation squarely, the fillets fetched only half the price of round fish in the auction conducted at the Calcutta market.

Annual report to the PSC on the year 2012

Progress and Outputs: summary of 2012, progress of project logframe targets in year 4, events diary,activities within each sub-component. Risk assessment. Project finances. List of documents.

Study on the reproductive biology of Pinctada fucata (Gould) (Mollusca: Pteriidae)

Annual cycle of gonad development and spawning in pearl oyster, Pinctada ficata (Gould) in Nakhiloo, Northeast Persian Gulf, was investigated over two years from August 1994 to June 1996. Gonadal condition was assessed by staging criteria to describe gametogenic development from histological preparations of randomly collected individuals of all sizes. A bimodal gametogenic pattern with summer and autumn spawning periods was evident throughout the study. Gametogensis commenced in November-December which proceeded by major gonadal maturation during February-April. Summer spawning was observed from April to July with major spawning at the latter end. During spawning peak in July, low level of gametogensis was noticed. Gametogenic activity was picked up again in August-September which proceeded by autumn spawning from September to December. Towards the end of spawning season, incidence of gonadal inactivation increased. Minimum level of gonadal activity was observed in November. Temperature regime appears to have influential role in regulation of gametogenic and spawning processes. Gonadal development and spawning trends were similar in both sexes. P. radiaata was found to be protandrous hermaphrodite which matured as a male at shell height greater than 20 mm. Biseivality was uncommon and the sex ratio was about 1:1. Ultrastructure of gametes were investigated in the Pictada fucata (Gould). "Auxiliary cells" closely accociated with developing oocytes were observed. Each oocyte seems to be associated with only one secretory cell. which is characterized by an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum at the onset of vitellogenesis. Contact between this cell and a developing oocytes is maintained by a desmosome-like junction which can be observed when the vitelline coat is formed. these "auxiliary or nursing cells" seem to play a tropic role in vitellogenesis, and may be involved in the formation of the vitelline coat of the oocytes. Oocytic degeneration is observed in this species, it is a continuous phenomenon of varing intensity throughout the year. The ultrastructural changes resulting in lysis of the oocyte are described. Mature spermatozoa consist of a broad, cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle, subacrosomal material, a round nucleus, two triplet substructure centrioles surrounded by four spherical mitochondria, and a flagellum anchored to the distal centriole and plasma membrane. Spermatozoa of Plucata closley resemble to those of other investigated Pteriidae. Changes in proximate composition of soft tissue and gonadal cycle of Pinctada fucata was studied. Mobilization and utilization of stored reserves are apparent during gametogenesis and gonadal maturation. Protein reserves are utilized during spermatogenesis while reserved carbohydrates form the main energy donor in oogenesis. The role of lipid as am.: energy reserve is second to that of carbohydrate.

Annual Report of the Fisheries Department for the year ended 31st December, 1971

This Annual report sets out clearly the various activities undertaken by the ministry in the field of fisheries for the period 1971. It has highlighted some commendable achievements for fisheries to claim its place among the rapidly expanding rural industries in this country. Fish production now at 162,000 metric tons per annum worth over 130 million shillings at the lakeshore, is not only a source of food but also a source of employment. It is believed that the fishing industry is at the moment employing more than 35,000 people in the various aspects of the industry, for example, fishing, fish processing, fish marketing and manufacture of fishing equipment. It is, therefore, greatly contributing not only to our nutrition but also to the economic development.

Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department for the year ended 31st December 1952

The annual report presents information on Lake Victoria, Lake Albert (including tbe Albert Nile and associated Fisheries)-Report by Lake Albert Fisheries Officer,Lake Kyoga and Waters of Eastern Uganda-Report by Fisheries Officer, Serere. Lakes George, Edward and Waters of Western Uganda -Report by the Fisheries Officer, Kichwamba Fish Farming-Report by the Fisheries Officer, Fish Fanning,dams,crocodiles. It presents information on angaling, Trouting, Nile Perch and Ripon Falls Barbel

Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department for the year ended 31st December, 1953

Summary of fish production on main lakes of Uganda 1953, consumption of fish in Uganda 1953, imports and exports of fish, including reports from the different regions Fisheries by Regions (1) Lake Victoria (2) Lake Albert (3) Lake Kyoga and Waters of Eastern Uganda Lakes George, Edward, Fish Farming, Dams and miscellaneous minor waters. It includes information on: Angling which includes Trouting, Nile Perch fishing and Tiger Fishing, Ripon Falls Barbel and Tailpiece.