Ontogenetic shifts in natural diet during benthic stages of American lobster (Homarus americanus), off the Magdalen Islands

The natural diet of 506 American lobsters (Homarus americanus) ranging from instar V (4 mm cephalothorax length, CL) to the adult stage (112 mm CL) was determined by stomach content analysis for a site in the Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. Cluster and factor analyses determined four size groupings of lobsters based on their diet: <7.5 mm, 7.5 to <22.5 mm, 22.5 to <62.5 mm, and ≥62.5 mm CL. The ontogenetic shift in diet with increasing size of lobsters was especially apparent for the three dominant food items: the contribution of bivalves and animal tissue (flesh) to volume of stomach contents decreased from the smallest lobsters (28% and 39%, respectively) to the largest lobsters (2% and 11%, respectively), whereas the reverse trend was seen for rock crab Cancer irroratus (7% in smallest lobsters to 53% in largest lobsters). Large lobsters also ate larger rock crabs than did small lobsters.

Reproduction of blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus) in coastal waters off northeastern Brazil

The blacknose shark, Carcharhinus acronotus, is a relatively small carcharinid, typically inhabiting continental shelf areas in the western Atlantic Ocean, from North Carolina throughout the Gulf of Mexico (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948) and along the South American coast to Rio de Janeiro (Compagno, 1984). The abundance of this shark in nearshore areas throughout its distribution makes it accessible to commercial fishing, mainly from inshore hook-and-line and gill-net fisheries (Trent et al., 1997; Mattos and Hazin1).

Geographic and temporal patterns in size and maturity of the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) off the northeastern United States

Analysis of 32 years of standardized survey catches (1967–98) indicated differential distribution patterns for the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) over the northwest Atlantic U.S. continental shelf, by geographic region, depth, season, and time of day. Catches were greatest in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, where there were significantly greater catches in deep water during winter and spring, and in shallow water during autumn. Body size generally increased with depth in all seasons. Large catches of juveniles in shallow waters off southern New England during autumn resulted from inshore spawning observed during late spring and summer; large proportions of juveniles in the Mid-Atlantic Bight during spring suggest that substantial winter spawning also occurs. Few mature squid were caught in survey samples in any season; the majority of these mature squid were captured south of Cape Hatteras during spring. Spawning occurs inshore from late spring to summer and the data suggest that winter spawning occurs primarily south of Cape Hatteras.

Severe decline in abundance of the red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) population off the southeastern United States

Status of the southeastern U.S. stock of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) was estimated from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data, 1972–97. Annual population numbers and fishing mortality rates at age were estimated from virtual population analysis (VPA) calibrated with fishery-independent data. For the VPA, a primary matrix of catch at age was based on age-length keys from fishery-independent samples; an alternate matrix was based on fishery-dependent keys. Additional estimates of stock status were obtained from a surplus-production model, also calibrated with fishery-independent indices of abundance. Results describe a dramatic increase in exploitation of this stock and concomitant decline in abundance. Estimated fully recruited fishing mortality rate (F) from the primary catch matrix increased from 0.10/yr in 1975 to 0.88/yr in 1997, and estimated static spawning potential ratio (SPR) declined from about 67% to about 18%. Estimated recruitment to age 1 declined from a peak of 3.0 million fish in 1973–74 to 94,000 fish in 1997, a decline of 96.9%. Estimated spawning-stock biomass declined from a peak of 3530 t in 1979 to 397 t in 1997, a decline of 88.8%. Results from the alternate catch matrix were similar. Retrospective patterns in the VPA suggest that the future estimates of this population decline will be severe, but may be less than present estimates. Long-term and marked declines in recruitment, spawning stock, and catch per unit of effort (both fishery-derived and fishery-independent)are consistent with severe overexploitation during a period of reduced recruitment. Although F prior to 1995 has generally been estimated at or below the current management criterion for overfishing (F equivalent to SPR=35%), the recent spawning-stock biomass is well below the biomass that could support maximum sustainable yield. Significant reductions in fishing mortality will be needed for rebuilding the southeastern U.S. stock.

A 10-year time series of zooplankton anomalies off the British Columbia coast [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Zooplankton biomass and species composition have been sampled since 1985 at a set of standard locations off Vancouver Island. From these data, I have estimated multi-year average seasonal cycles and time series of anomalies from these averages.

Variability in the distribution of planktonic fish eggs and larvae in the nearshore waters off Bombay

Distribution of planktonic fish eggs and larvae in the nearshore waters off Bombay was studied during November 1979 to December 1980. Monthly samples were collected along three transects (Versova, Mahim and Thana) covering eleven stations which represented different environmental conditions. Fish eggs and larvae were common in the area of study with maximum abundance in December 1979 and April/August 1980. Mean density of fish eggs was maximum along the Mahim transect while population of larvae was more in the Versova transect. Total number of families of fish larvae represented in the collections increased from nearshore to offshore area.

Length-weight relationship of Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier) collected off Maharashtra coast

The length-weight relationship of Upeneus sulphureus was studied on the basis of 125 females and 103 males, collected during the 27th cruise of research vessel M.V. Saraswati in the month of September, 1984. The correlation coefficient was found significant at 5% and 1% level respectively for male and female. In both the sexes, the regression co-efficient was found higher than three. Analysis of covariance was also carried out for the F test and F distribution.

A note on morphometric and length-weight relationship of Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker) off Veraval coast

Upeneus moluccensis were collected from the catches of bottom fish trawl of "M. V. Saraswati" off Veraval coast in the area lat. 20 degree 26 N and long. 70 degree 35 E. The fish were analysed for length-weight relationship and morphometric characters. The fishes were found to vary from 116 to 161 mm in length and 20.0 to 50.0 g in weight. The exponent value and correlation coefficient for length-weight relationship was found to be 2.73 and 0.991 respectively.

A note on hydrography off Bombay during the end of May, 1983

A brief account is given of hydrographic observations made during a cruise conducted off Bombay, India, on the 26 May 1983. Vertical distribution charts are included for temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen.

Meristic and morphometric studies of Lactarius lactarius (Schneider), off Bombay coast

In Lactarius lactarius off the Bombay coast, the meristic features D VII, D2 I/22, A III/27 vert 23, Gill rakers 12 on lower and 8 on upper limb can be used to characterise the population. Morphometric studies show the positive allometric growth in various body parts of this species. Preanal region and the depth of body grow faster than the head.