Study on the sustainability of FPC produced from Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis, C. grimmi and C. cultriventris) in two vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging at different environmental factors

Fish protein concentrate (FPC) is a healthy, sustainable and high nutritive product which sanitized produced from fishes in which, protein and other nutrients are more concentrated than in fresh fishes. The aim of this research is to study on the sustainability of FPC produced from Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis , C. grimmi and C. cultriventris) in two Vaccum Packaging and Modified Atmosphere Packaging at different environmental factors during six months. In our study the analysis of FPC protein showed 91.2%, lipid: 0.5%, ash: 3.6%, moisture: 2.3%, Total Volatile Nitrogen: 10 ml/100gr and peroxide: 5meq/kg. Amino acids and fatty acids were also determined. Bacteria and Fungi were lower than 1000 colony. Samples are kept in different condition of temperature (5, 20 and 35 degree centigrade), humidity (25, 40 and 90 percent) and light and dark environment in six month. Lipid rate in FPC after 6 months in VP and MAP (60% C02, 30 % N2 and 10% O2), packages was decreased but was not significant (P>0.05). It was also detected that increase temperature lead to more decrease in lipid content. Protein rate of FPC was decreased from 91.2% to 73.6% during six months at 35°C in VP Package and from 91.2% to 69.4% in MAP package. These changes were significant (P<0.05). TVN and PV rate in FPC after 6 months in VP and MAP packages was increased but was significant (P<0.05). Amino acids and fatty acids were also determined. But more changes in MAP packages was detected.

Managing environmental impacts in aquaculture

The article presents the environmental impacts of aquaculture and the ways to manage them. The environmental impacts include issues of recreation and aesthetics, and the usage of resources and discharge of nutrients and organic matter into the environment. Likewise, the results are also discussed, such as reduced production, disease outbreak in cultured and wild populations, and an increase of regulatory restrictions being placed on aquaculture operations.

The study of Indian shrimp larvae feeding by enriched rotifer with vitamin C and unsaturated fatty acid (epa, dha) and its effects on growth factors, survival rate and environmental stresses

In this experiment, the feeding of Indian white shrimp larvae by unenriched rotifers (treatment 1) and enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acid (treatment 2) and highly unsaturated fatty acid along with vitamin C (treatment 3) on the growth factors, survival and resistance against salinity and formalin stress tests were studied and their differences with control treatment including newly hatched Artemia nauplii is compared. In this the study four treatments in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates per treatment were used. Farming of shrimp larvae of Zoea II to postlarvae 5 was done in 20 liter plastic bucket. Present results indicated that growth factors and survival rate of stage Zoea II to postlarvae 1 in treatments 1, 2 and 3 improve rather than control in which this case was due to optimal size rotifer rather than Artemia nauplii. Also, treatments 2 and 3 feeding with oil liver cod emulsion enriched rotifer have the highest concentration of DHA (mg/g DW) and the ratio DHA/EPA in which due to have shown the highest growth factors and a significant difference (P<0.05) with treatments 1 and control. The highest survival at stage PL1 were observed in treatment 3 that was enriched with ascorbyl palmitate in which have to the synergistic properties of vitamin C rather than treatments 2, 1 and control and showed a significant difference (P<0.05). But in stage PL5 the highest amount of growth and survival rates were related to control treatment which showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with other treatments that control has higher size rather than treatments 1, 2 and 3. Also, among experiment treatments that the two treatments 2 and 3 due to enrichment had higher growth and survival rates compared with treatment 1 in which their differences have also been significant (P<0.05). In the case of stress tests, results indicated that the highest survival rate has been reported when specimens were offered a diet containing high levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids with vitamin C. So that in stage PL1 in the salinity stress tests 10 and 20 ppt the highest survival rate was observed in treatment 3. As for the second, treatment 2 showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with treatment 3. It is worth mentioning that treatment 3 showed a higher survival rate compared to treatment 2 due to the synergistic properties of vitamin C. The difference between these two treatments with treatment 1 and control was also significant. No significant difference was observed in formalin stress test 100 ppm in this stage between treatments 3 and 2 which shows the highest survival rate. But their difference with treatments 1 and control was significant (P<0.05). Also, in stage PL5 in the salinity stress tests 10 and 20 ppt the highest survival rate was observed in treatment 3 which showed no significant difference (P<0.05) with control treatment. While their difference in the amount of survival rate with treatment 1 and 2 was significant (P<0.05). In this stage, the highest observed survival rate in formalin stress test 100 ppm included treatments control, 3 and 2 among which there were no significant differences (P<0.05). While the difference between these three treatments with treatment 1 was significant.

Technical report on the environmental monitoring of the cage area at the Source of the Nile (SON) Fish Farm for quarter 4: October-December 2011

Source of the Nile Fish farm (SON) is located at Bugungu area in Napoleon Gulf, northern Lake Victoria. The proprietors of the farm requested for technical assistance of NaFIRRI to undertake regular environment monitoring of the cage site as is mandatory under the NEMA conditions. As the SON is a key collaborator/client of the institute, NAFIRRI agreed to undertake the assignment subject to facilitation by the client. The institute agreed to conduct quarterly surveys of key environmental parameters at the site including selected physical-chemical and biological factors, nutrient status, column depth, water transparency and sedimentation. Samples and field measurements were to be taken at 3 sites: within and/or close to the fish cages (WIC), upstream (USC) and downstream (DSC) of the cages. The first environmental monitoring survey was undertaken in February 2011; the second in May 2011 and the third in September 2011. The surveys cover physical-chemical parameters, nutrient status, invertebrate and fish communities. The present report presents field observations made for the fourth quarter survey undertaken in November 2011 and provides a scientific interpretation and discussion of the results with reference to possible impacts of the cage facilities to the water environment and the different aquatic biota at and around the cage site including natural fish communities.

Aquatic ecology monitoring: water quality, fish, fish catch, sanitation and disease vectors: monitoring no. 10 and reservoir baseline, 23rd – 30th April 2012

The results reported on were from a monitoring survey No. 10 undertaken between 23 rd and 29th April 2012 during construction period of the Bujagali Hydropower Project (BHPP). Two pre-construction, baseline surveys in April 2000 and April 2006 were conducted and so far, during construction phase of the project, nine monitoring surveys have been undertaken i.e. in September 2007, April 2008, April 2009, October 2009, April 2010, September 2010, April 2011, September 2011and the present one, in April 2012. Since 2009 biannual monitoring surveys have been conducted at an upstream and a downstream transect of the BHPP with emphasis on the following aspects: water quality determinants biology and ecology of fishes and food webs fish stock and fish catch including economic aspects of catch and sanitation/vector studies (bilharzias and river blindness) During this survey, baseline assessment of the above mentioned studies was conducted in the reservoir behind the dam, including studies on algae, zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates which had been restrained since April 2008. The findings of baseline assessment of the reservoir are also contained in this report and are compared with those obtained from Transect 1(Upstream) and Transect 2 (Downstream).

Technical report on the environmental monitoring of the cage area at the Source of the Nile (SON) Cage Fish Farm for quarter 4: October-December 2015

Source of the Nile (SON) Cage Fish farm is located at Bugungu in Napoleon Gulf, northern Lake Victoria, near the headwaters of the River Nile. NaFIRRI has, through a Public-Private collaborative partnership with SON management, undertaken quarterly monitoring of the cage fish farm since 2011. The objective of the environment monitoring is to track possible environment and biological changes as a result of fish cage operations in the area. The agreed study areas cover selected physical-chemical parameters i.e. water depth, transparency, column temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity; nutrient status; and biological parameters i.e. algae, zooplankton, macro-benthos and fish communities. The fourth quarter survey, which is the subject of this report was undertaken during December 2015. Results/observations made are presented in this technical report along with a scientific interpretation and discussion of the results with reference to possible impacts of the cage facilities to the water environment and aquatic biota. The present report presents field observations made for the fourth quarter survey undertaken in December 2015 and provides a scientific interpretation and discussion of the results with reference to possible impacts of the cage facilities to the water environment and the different aquatic biota in and around the fish cage site.

Survey of veterinery [sic] drug residues, environmental contaminants and mycotoxins of cultured shirmp [sic] in Iran

Economical achievement of optimal growth in developing countries may lead to sustainable poverty reduction. Agricultural activities play an important role in economy and human being welfare, which leads to establishment of food security and quality. Aquaculture products in developing countries share 51.4 percent of total agricultural production.7—percent in developed countries. Therefore undoutedly food production by means of quality and quantity has to be increased .The history of shirmp production goes back to 500 years ago. Today 50 countries of the world produce shirmp .In Islamic Republic of Iran shrimp production started since 1992 in the coastal region of Persian Gulf. The shrimp culture farms canbe classified in to 4 different categories; Extensive, semi-extensive, intensive and super instensive. Global ecological manitenanc is one of the major concerns of authorities Human manipulation of nature is the most destructive activity. Industrial sweage leakage in to the rivers and water sources is a big issue that causes reduction in the aquatic population. Heavy metals have an inhibitory effect in the production and growth of sealife. Human intake of food treated with anti microbial cause's allergy, hypersensitivity and develops microbial resistance. Organochlorine compounds contamination may found in hepato pancreatic tissues of aquatic products, Aresnic may transfer to man via plant & animal product contamination. In 1991 during Persian Gulf Mir 700 oil well set

Technical report on the environmental monitoring of the cage area at the Source of the Nile (SON) Fish Farm for quarter 2: April-June 2015

Source of the Nile Fish farm (SON) is located at Bugungu area in Napoleon Gulf, northern Lake Victoria. The proprietors of the farm have a collaborative arrangement with NaFIRRI to undertake quarterly environment monitoring of the cage site as is mandatory under the NEMA conditions. The monitoring surveys cover selected physical-chemical factors i.e. water column depth, water transparency, water column temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity; nutrient status, algal and invertebrate communities (micro-invertebrates/zooplankton and macroinvertebrates/ macro-benthos) as well as fish community. The second quarter survey for the calendar year 2015, which is the subject of this report, was undertaken in June 2015. Results/observations made are presented in this technical report along with a scientific interpretation and discussion of the results with reference to possible impacts of the cage facilities to the water environment and aquatic biota.

Aquatic ecology monitoring, water quality, fish, fish catch, sanitation and disease vectors: monitoring no. 11, 4th – 9th September 2012

This monitoring survey No. 11 undertaken between 4th and 9th September 2012 is the second one to be conducted after completion of construction of Bujagali Hydropower Dam. Two pre-construction baseline surveys in April 2000 and April 2006 were conducted and during construction phase, eight monitoring surveys (September 2007, April 2008, April 2009, October 2009, April 2010, September 2010, April 2011, September 2011) were conducted.

Aquatic ecology monitoring: water quality, fish, fish catch, sanitation and disease vectors: monitoring No.7, 4-7th September 2010

The results reported on were from a monitoring survey No.7 undertaken between 4 th and 7th September 2010 during construction period of the Bujagali Hydropower Project (BHPP). Two pre-construction, baseline surveys in April 2000 and April 2006 were conducted and so far, during construction phase of the project, six monitoring surveys have been undertaken i.e. in September 2007, April 2008, April 2009, October 2009, April 2010 and the present one, in September 2010. Since 2009 biannual monitoring surveys have been conducted at an upstream and a downstream transect of the BHPP with emphasis on the following aspects: I. water quality determinants 2. biology and ecology of fishes and food webs 3. fish stock and fish catch including economic aspects of catch and 4. sanitation/vector studies (bilharzias and river blindness)

The first quarter survey of the aquatic system and fisheries of the upper Victoria Nile, 6th -13th April 2006

The purpose of this present study therefore is to provide and update the AES Nile Power EIA baseline information on the ecology of the river ecosystem prior to the construction of the dam. The study is intended to provide a basis for evaluating the impact of the project on the river environment, the biological resources associated with it and fisheries socia-economics and the vector/sanitation status. This report presents the findings of the first sampling regime which was conducted between the dates of 6th-13th April 2006 and compared with the AESNP Environmental Impact Assessment findings of the second quarter carried out during 5th-14th April 2000.