Low cost freshwater fish pickle using cheap citrus fruit (C. reticulata)

The juice extracted from a locally abundant cheap variety of citrus fruit namely, Citrus reticulata was utilized for pickling. The paper highlights the trials made to select the optimum concentrations of acetic acid and sodium chloride to be used along with the juice of C. reticulata so as to obtain the best, product. The product can be stored well at room temperature for six months.

Effect of chloral hydrate on metabolic rate of Labeo rohita (Ham) and Poecilia reticulata (Peters)

Comparative impact of chloral hydrate anaesthesia on the metabolic rate of Indian major carp Labeo rohita and larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata was assessed. Observation on the Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) revealed that in common guppies OCR was substantially low (1.105 and 1.097 mg/g/hr) at 0.1 and 0.25 g/l concentrations of chloral hydrate as against OCR of 1.487 mg/g/hr in the control. Fry of L. rohita in group showed lower metabolic rates in the control as well as treated conditions as compared to the individuals of this fish. This may be due to sympathetic psychophysiological reflex of grouped fish. Higher dose of chloral hydrate (0.25 g/l) also caused higher OCR probably due to distress. Application of chloral hydrate also favoured lesser release of metabolic wastes (ammonia and carbon dioxide). There was significant positive correlation between time and oxygen consumption, whereas, for time and OCR this relationship was negative. Regression of chloral hydrate doses for OCR and time has also been calculated.

Reproductive Biology of Amblema neislerii, Elliptoideus sloatianus, Lampsilis subangulata, Medionidus penicillatus, and Pleurobema pyriforme (Bivalvia: Unionidae): final report

A study on the reproductive biology of Amblema neislerii, Elliptoideus sloatianus, Lampsilis subangulata, Medionidus penicillatus, and Pleurobema pyriforme was conducted from May 1995 to May 1997. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) determine period of gravidity for each of the five mussel species, 2) determine host fish via laboratory experiments, 3) test whether unionid glochidia will transform on a nonidingenous fish, and 4) describe the glochidial morphology for each of the five mussel species using a scanning electron microscope. Amblema neislerii are tachytictic breeders and were found with mature glochidia in May. Elliptoideus sloatianus are tachytictic breeders and were found with mature glochidia from late February to early April. Lampsilis subangulata are bradytictic breeders and were found with mature glochidia from December to August. Superconglutinates were released by L. subangulata from late May to early July. Medionidus penicillatus are bradytictic breeders and were found with mature glochidia in November and February to April. Pleurobema pyriforme are tachytictic breeders and were found with mature glochidia from March to July. The following fish species served as hosts for A. neislerii: Notropis texanus, Lepomis macrochirus, L. microlophus, Micropterus salmoides, and Percina nigrofasciata. The following fish species served as hosts for E. sloatianus: Gambusia holbrooki, Poecilia reticulata, and P. nigrofasciata. The following fish species served as hosts for L. subangulata: G. holbrooki, P. reticulata, L. macrochirus, Micropterus punctulatus, and M. salmoides. The following fish species served as hosts for M. penicillatus: G. holbrooki, P. reticulata, Etheostoma edwini, and P. nigrofasciata. The following fish species served as hosts for P. pyriforme: Pteronotropis hypselopterus, G. holbrooki, and P. reticulata. Poecilia reticulata, a nonindigenous fish, served as a host for E. sloatianus, L. subangulata, M. penicillatus, and P. pyriforme. (76 page document)

Interim report on the ground-water resources of Manatee County, Florida

A large part of western Manatee County is devoted to the growing of winter vegetables and citrus fruits. As in most of peninsular Florida, rainfall in the county during the growing season is not sufficient for crop production and large quantites of artesian water are used for irrigation. The large withdrawals of artesian water for irrigation result in a considerable decline of the artesian head in the western part of the county. This seasonal decline of the artesian head has become larger as the withdrawal of artesian water has increased. The lowering of the fresh-water head in some coastal areas in the State has resulted in an infiltration of sea water into the water-bearing formations. The presence of salty water in the artesian aquifer in parts of the coastal area of Manatee County indicates that sea water may also have entered the waterbearing formations in this area as a result of the decline of artesian pressure during the growing season. The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of the geology and ground-water resources of the county, primarily to determine whether salt-water encroachment has occurred or is likely to occur in the coastal area. (PDF contains 38 pages.)

Sustentabilidad de la Pesquería Artesanal del Río Bermejo.

Este trabajo es el resultado de la tesis de Maestría en Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente (Orientación Recursos Faunísticos), realizada por el autor en la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Salta y bajo la dirección del Dr. Sergio Gustavo Mosa. La pesca artesanal con fines comerciales es practicada en el sector salteño del Río Bermejo desde hace décadas, por pobladores de localidades ribereñas como Orán, Embarcación y Rivadavia Banda Sur, los cuales pescan hasta el límite Salta – Chaco, dependiendo de la época del año. Esta pesquería se desarrolló por más de 50 años fuera del marco de las normas legales vigentes en la provincia (Ley 5513), siendo una actividad marginal perseguida por la justicia, y mal vista por la opinión pública en general. Entre Julio de 2001 y Julio de 2003, la Cooperativa de Pescadores Artesanales “La Unión” fue habilitada como empresa pesquera comercial de tipo artesanal por la Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de Salta. El monitoreo de esta actividad fue efectuado por la Cátedra de Piscicultura y Pesquerías (IRNED) de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Salta. Las reglamentaciones y regulaciones legales de esta actividad se tomaron originariamente bajo el principio de precaución ante la falta de conocimiento científico. A la luz de la nueva información colectada, algunas de ellas resultan contrarias al principio prioritario de la gestión pesquera, el cual propone: Obtener la mejor utilización posible del recurso en provecho de la comunidad, recordando que mejor utilización implica mayor captura, mejor precio, más ganancias y más empleo. La presente Tesis de Maestría demuestra la sustentabilidad de la pesquería artesanal en el Bermejo, tanto desde a) el punto de vista biológico, analizando las capturas en función de las normas y reglamentaciones legales vigentes y de la biología y hábitos reproductivos de cada especie, como desde b) el punto de vista económico, teniendo en cuenta la relación costo-beneficio y las posibles alternativas para optimizar la misma. Asimismo, formula una serie de recomendaciones destinadas a mejorar la gestión pesquera. Para las 4 especies más importantes de la pesquería: sábalo Prochilodus lineatus, surubí Pseudoplatystoma coruscans, dorado Salminus brasiliensis y bagre blanco Pimelodus albicans, a) los cupos asignados para la captura anual por especie no son alcanzados; b) las tallas mínimas de captura observadas superan las tallas mínimas de captura autorizadas; c) las tallas medias de captura se encuentran muy por encima de las tallas medias de madurez sexual; d) la captura exclusiva de ejemplares maduros para todas las especies prueba que el grueso del stock pesquero ha podido superar por lo menos un evento reproductivo antes de ser capturado; e) el actual período de veda resulta demasiado amplio por lo que uno de dos meses, de mediados de noviembre a mediados de enero resultaría biológicamente adecuado. En cuanto a la sustentabilidad económica de la actividad, cada unidad económica de pesca debe realizar entre 45 y 50 excursiones de pesca anuales para obtener rendimientos económicos equivalentes a un ingreso mensual de aproximadamente $ 1000. (PDF tiene 92 paginas.)