1 resultado para Uncertainty of forecasts
em National Center for Biotechnology Information - NCBI
Filtro por publicador
- Abertay Research Collections - Abertay University’s repository (1)
- Acceda, el repositorio institucional de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España (1)
- Adam Mickiewicz University Repository (1)
- AMS Tesi di Dottorato - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (8)
- AMS Tesi di Laurea - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (2)
- Aquatic Commons (8)
- ArchiMeD - Elektronische Publikationen der Universität Mainz - Alemanha (14)
- Archive of European Integration (8)
- Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco (4)
- Aston University Research Archive (26)
- Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertações da USP (5)
- Biblioteca Digital | Sistema Integrado de Documentación | UNCuyo - UNCUYO. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO. (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (4)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP) (1)
- Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad Católica Argentina (1)
- Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Eletrônicas da UERJ (3)
- BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça (27)
- Boston University Digital Common (2)
- Brock University, Canada (3)
- Brunel University (1)
- Bucknell University Digital Commons - Pensilvania - USA (2)
- Bulgarian Digital Mathematics Library at IMI-BAS (1)
- CaltechTHESIS (3)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (61)
- CentAUR: Central Archive University of Reading - UK (193)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal (27)
- Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), India (3)
- Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) (4)
- CORA - Cork Open Research Archive - University College Cork - Ireland (6)
- Corvinus Research Archive - The institutional repository for the Corvinus University of Budapest (1)
- CUNY Academic Works (3)
- Dalarna University College Electronic Archive (1)
- Deakin Research Online - Australia (25)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (6)
- Digital Commons at Florida International University (9)
- DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center (5)
- DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln (2)
- Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland (2)
- Duke University (4)
- eResearch Archive - Queensland Department of Agriculture; Fisheries and Forestry (7)
- Glasgow Theses Service (1)
- Greenwich Academic Literature Archive - UK (1)
- Harvard University (1)
- Helda - Digital Repository of University of Helsinki (12)
- Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository (1)
- Indian Institute of Science - Bangalore - Índia (30)
- Institutional Repository of Leibniz University Hannover (2)
- INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS ENERGÉTICAS E NUCLEARES (IPEN) - Repositório Digital da Produção Técnico Científica - BibliotecaTerezine Arantes Ferra (2)
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu (1)
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal (8)
- Lume - Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (1)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1)
- Memoria Académica - FaHCE, UNLP - Argentina (4)
- Ministerio de Cultura, Spain (2)
- National Center for Biotechnology Information - NCBI (1)
- Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA) (9)
- Publishing Network for Geoscientific & Environmental Data (42)
- QUB Research Portal - Research Directory and Institutional Repository for Queen's University Belfast (48)
- Queensland University of Technology - ePrints Archive (112)
- Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora - Portugal (2)
- Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal (4)
- Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV (12)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro - Portugal (4)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (RIUT) (1)
- Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (29)
- Royal College of Art Research Repository - Uninet Kingdom (1)
- RUN (Repositório da Universidade Nova de Lisboa) - FCT (Faculdade de Cienecias e Technologia), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Portugal (3)
- SAPIENTIA - Universidade do Algarve - Portugal (3)
- School of Medicine, Washington University, United States (1)
- South Carolina State Documents Depository (1)
- The Scholarly Commons | School of Hotel Administration; Cornell University Research (1)
- Universidad de Alicante (1)
- Universidad del Rosario, Colombia (5)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (39)
- Universidade Complutense de Madrid (2)
- Universidade de Lisboa - Repositório Aberto (1)
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (1)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (10)
- Universitat de Girona, Spain (4)
- Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, Universität Kassel, Germany (2)
- Université de Lausanne, Switzerland (2)
- Université de Montréal (1)
- Université de Montréal, Canada (13)
- Université Laval Mémoires et thèses électroniques (2)
- University of Michigan (3)
- University of Queensland eSpace - Australia (6)
- University of Washington (4)
- WestminsterResearch - UK (1)
Resumo:
When many protein sequences are available for estimating the time of divergence between two species, it is customary to estimate the time for each protein separately and then use the average for all proteins as the final estimate. However, it can be shown that this estimate generally has an upward bias, and that an unbiased estimate is obtained by using distances based on concatenated sequences. We have shown that two concatenation-based distances, i.e., average gamma distance weighted with sequence length (d2) and multiprotein gamma distance (d3), generally give more satisfactory results than other concatenation-based distances. Using these two distance measures for 104 protein sequences, we estimated the time of divergence between mice and rats to be approximately 33 million years ago. Similarly, the time of divergence between humans and rodents was estimated to be approximately 96 million years ago. We also investigated the dependency of time estimates on statistical methods and various assumptions made by using sequence data from eubacteria, protists, plants, fungi, and animals. Our best estimates of the times of divergence between eubacteria and eukaryotes, between protists and other eukaryotes, and between plants, fungi, and animals were 3, 1.7, and 1.3 billion years ago, respectively. However, estimates of ancient divergence times are subject to a substantial amount of error caused by uncertainty of the molecular clock, horizontal gene transfer, errors in sequence alignments, etc.