Content and quality of 2000 controlled trials in schizophrenia over 50 years

Objective To provide a comprehensive survey of the content and quality of intervention studies relevant to the treatment of schizophrenia.

The rise and fall of the medical mediated searcher

The relationship between the development of mediated online literature searching and the recruitment of medical librarians to fill positions as online searchers was investigated. The history of database searching by medical librarians was outlined and a content analysis of thirty-five years of job advertisements in MLA News from 1961 through 1996 was summarized. Advertisements for online searchers were examined to test the hypothesis that the growth of mediated online searching was reflected in the recruitment of librarians to fill positions as mediated online searchers in medical libraries. The advent of end-user searching was also traced to determine how this trend affected the demand for mediated online searching and job availability of online searchers. Job advertisements were analyzed to determine what skills were in demand as end-user searching replaced mediated online searching as the norm in medical libraries. Finally, the trend away from mediated online searching to support of other library services was placed in the context of new roles for medical librarians.

Organization and expression of the double-stranded RNA genome of Helminthosporium victoriae 190S virus, a totivirus infecting a plant pathogenic filamentous fungus.

The complete nucleotide sequence, 5178 bp, of the totivirus Helminthosporium vicotoriae 190S virus (Hv190SV) double-stranded RNA, was determined. Computer-assisted sequence analysis revealed the presence of two large overlapping ORFs; the 5'-proximal large ORF (ORF1) codes for the coat protein (CP) with a predicted molecular mass of 81 kDa, and the 3'-proximal ORF (ORF2), which is in the -1 frame relative to ORF1, codes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). Unlike many other totiviruses, the overlap region between ORF1 and ORF2 lacks known structural information required for translational frameshifting. Using an antiserum to a C-terminal fragment of the RDRP, the product of ORF2 was identified as a minor virion-associated polypeptide of estimated molecular mass of 92 kDa. No CP-RDRP fusion protein with calculated molecular mass of 165 kDa was detected. The predicted start codon of the RDRP ORF (2605-AUG-2607) overlaps with the stop codon (2606-UGA-2608) of the CP ORF, suggesting RDRP is expressed by an internal initiation mechanism. Hv190SV is associated with a debilitating disease of its phytopathogenic fungal host. Knowledge of its genome organization and expression will be valuable for understanding its role in pathogenesis and for potential exploitation in the development of biocontrol measures.

Centromere mapping and orientation of the molecular linkage map of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice has become a model cereal plant for molecular genetic research. Rice has the most comprehensive molecular linkage maps with more than 2000 DNA markers and shows synteny and colinearity with the maps of other cereal crops. Until now, however, no information was available about the positions of centromeres and arm locations of markers on the molecular linkage map. Secondary and telotrisomics were used to assign restriction fragment length polymorphism markers to specific chromosome arms and thereby to map the positions of centromeres. More than 170 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were assigned to specific chromosome arms through gene dosage analysis using the secondary and telotrisomics and the centromere positions were mapped on all 12 linkage groups. The orientations of seven linkage groups were reversed to fit the "short arm on top" convention and the corrected map is presented.