Factores asociados al consumo de calcio en adolescentes mexicanas embarazadas

Objetivo: Explorar los hábitos de alimentación y los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos que se asocian al consumo de calcio en adolescentes embarazadas Métodos: En un estudio transversal analítico se incluyeron 321 participantes de 13 a 19 años de edad que acudieron a la consulta externa de la división de Gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca". Todas eran sanas, en cualquier trimestre del embarazo y pertenecían a los estratos socioeconómicos bajo y medio-bajo. Se realizaron encuestas dietéticas de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y recordatorio de 24 horas para identificar la ingestión de calcio. Se incluyeron datos socio-demográficos, económicos y hábitos de alimentación. Se utilizó la prueba de ji cuadrada, razón de momios y un modelo de regresión logística para identificar el significado epidemiológico de las variables asociadas con el consumo de calcio. Resultados: La ingestión de calcio en 61% de las adolescentes cubrió menos de 80% de la ingestión diaria recomendada. La ocupación de la adolescente en labores domésticas [OR 2.66 (1.28-5.53)], el bajo consumo de leche [OR 2.54 (1.37-4.0)] y derivados [OR 2.75 (1.09-7.0)], el exceso en el consumo de refresco de cola [OR 1.84 (1.04-3.28)] y la baja escolaridad de la madre [OR 1.83 (1.15-2.90)] fueron los factores con mayor significado epidemiológico en el consumo inadecuado de calcio. Conclusión: La ingestión de calcio es deficiente en la mayoría de las adolescentes embarazadas y existen factores de riesgo que deben ser identificados y atendidos. Asimismo, por sus condiciones de riesgo, es necesario evaluar el estado nutricio de calcio con métodos más precisos y específicos.

New clinical practice guideline on enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: first part

Introduction: The nutrition of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is aimed at promoting a similar growth to that occurring in the uterus. However, in practice this is difficult to achieve and extrauterine growth restriction is frequent. The current tendency is to avoid this restriction by means of early parenteral and enteral nutrition. Nonetheless, uncertainty about many of the practices related with nutrition has resulted in a great variation in the way it is undertaken. In 2009 and 2011 in our hospital there was an unexpected increase in necrotizing enterocolitis. To check to see whether our nutrition policy was involved, we undertook a systematic review and drew up clinical practice guidelines (CPG) about enteral feeding in VLBW infants. New considerations about the duration of the fortification and the use of probiotics have led to an update of these CPG. Methods: A total of 21 clinical questions were designed dealing with the type of milk, starting age, mode of administration, rate and volume of the increments, fortification, use of probiotics and protocol. After conducting a systematic search of the available evidence, the information was contrasted and summarized in order to draw up the recommendations. The quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations were determined from the SIGN scale Comment: These CPG aim to help physicians in their decision making. The protocolized application of well-proven measurements reduces the variation in clinical practice and improves results.

New clinical practice guideline on enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: second part

Introduction: The nutrition of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is aimed at promoting a similar growth to that occurring in the uterus. However, in practice this is difficult to achieve and extrauterine growth restriction is frequent. The current tendency is to avoid this restriction by means of early parenteral and enteral nutrition. Nonetheless, uncertainty about many of the practices related with nutrition has resulted in a great variation in the way it is undertaken. In 2009 and 2011 in our hospital there was an unexpected increase in necrotizing enterocolitis. To check to see wether our nutrition policy was involved, we underlook a systematic review and drewup clinical practice guidelines (CPG) about enteral feeding in VLBW infants. New considerations about the duration of the fortification and the use of probiotics have led to an update of these CPG. Methods: A total of 21 clinical questions were designed dealing with the type of milk, starting age, mode of administration, rate and volume of the increments, fortification, use of probiotics and protocol. Afete conducting a systematic search of the available evidence, the information was contrasted and summarized in order to draw up the recommendations. The quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations were determined from the SIGN scale. Comment: These CPG aim to help physicians in their decision making. The protocolized application of well-proven measurements reduces the variation in clinical practice and improves results.