Aplicaciones de filtrado adaptativo LMS para mejorar la respuesta de acelerómetros

El proyecto, “Aplicaciones de filtrado adaptativo LMS para mejorar la respuesta de acelerómetros”, se realizó con el objetivo de eliminar señales no deseadas de la señal de información procedentes de los acelerómetros para aplicaciones automovilísticas, mediante los algoritmos de los filtros adaptativos LMS. Dicho proyecto, está comprendido en tres áreas para su realización y ejecución, los cuales fueron ejecutados desde el inicio hasta el último día de trabajo. En la primera área de aplicación, diseñamos filtros paso bajo, paso alto, paso banda y paso banda eliminada, en lo que son los filtros de butterworth, filtros Chebyshev, de tipo uno como de tipo dos y filtros elípticos. Con esta primera parte, lo que se quiere es conocer, o en nuestro caso, recordar el entorno de Matlab, en sus distintas ecuaciones prediseñadas que nos ofrece el mencionado entorno, como también nos permite conocer un poco las características de estos filtros. Para posteriormente probar dichos filtros en el DSP. En la segunda etapa, y tras recordar un poco el entorno de Matlab, nos centramos en la elaboración y/o diseño de nuestro filtro adaptativo LMS; experimentado primero con Matlab, para como ya se dijo, entender y comprender el comportamiento del mismo. Cuando ya teníamos claro esta parte, procedimos a “cargar” el código en el DSP, compilarlo y depurarlo, realizando estas últimas acciones gracias al Visual DSP. Resaltaremos que durante esta segunda etapa se empezó a excitar las entradas del sistema, con señales provenientes del Cool Edit Pro, y además para saber cómo se comportaba el filtro adaptativo LMS, se utilizó señales provenientes de un generador de funciones, para obtener de esta manera un desfase entre las dos señales de entrada; aunque también se utilizó el propio Cool Edit Pro para obtener señales desfasadas, pero debido que la fase tres no podíamos usar el mencionado software, realizamos pruebas con el generador de funciones. Finalmente, en la tercera etapa, y tras comprobar el funcionamiento deseado de nuestro filtro adaptativo DSP con señales de entrada simuladas, pasamos a un laboratorio, en donde se utilizó señales provenientes del acelerómetro 4000A, y por supuesto, del generador de funciones; el cual sirvió para la formación de nuestra señal de referencia, que permitirá la eliminación de una de las frecuencias que se emitirá del acelerómetro. Por último, cabe resaltar que pudimos obtener un comportamiento del filtro adaptativo LMS adecuado, y como se esperaba. Realizamos pruebas, con señales de entrada desfasadas, y obtuvimos curiosas respuestas a la salida del sistema, como son que la frecuencia a eliminar, mientras más desfasado estén estas señales, mas se notaba. Solucionando este punto al aumentar el orden del filtro. Finalmente podemos concluir que pese a que los filtros digitales probados en la primera etapa son útiles, para tener una respuesta lo más ideal posible hay que tener en cuenta el orden del filtro, el cual debe ser muy alto para que las frecuencias próximas a la frecuencia de corte, no se atenúen. En cambio, en los filtros adaptativos LMS, si queremos por ejemplo, eliminar una señal de entre tres señales, sólo basta con introducir la frecuencia a eliminar, por una de las entradas del filtro, en concreto la señal de referencia. De esta manera, podemos eliminar una señal de entre estas tres, de manera que las otras dos, no se vean afectadas por el procedimiento. Abstract The project, "LMS adaptive filtering applications to improve the response of accelerometers" was conducted in order to remove unwanted signals from the information signal from the accelerometers for automotive applications using algorithms LMS adaptive filters. The project is comprised of three areas for implementation and execution, which were executed from the beginning until the last day. In the first area of application, we design low pass filters, high pass, band pass and band-stop, as the filters are Butterworth, Chebyshev filters, type one and type two and elliptic filters. In this first part, what we want is to know, or in our case, remember the Matlab environment, art in its various equations offered by the mentioned environment, as well as allows us to understand some of the characteristics of these filters. To further test these filters in the DSP. In the second stage, and recalling some Matlab environment, we focus on the development and design of our LMS adaptive filter; experimented first with Matlab, for as noted above, understand the behavior of the same. When it was clear this part, proceeded to "load" the code in the DSP, compile and debug, making these latest actions by the Visual DSP. Will highlight that during this second stage began to excite the system inputs, with signals from the Cool Edit Pro, and also for how he behaved the LMS adaptive filter was used signals from a function generator, to thereby obtain a gap between the two input signals, but also used Cool Edit Pro himself for phase signals, but due to phase three could not use such software, we test the function generator. Finally, in the third stage, and after checking the desired performance of our DSP adaptive filter with simulated input signals, we went to a laboratory, where we used signals from the accelerometer 4000A, and of course, the function generator, which was used for the formation of our reference signal, enabling the elimination of one of the frequencies to be emitted from the accelerometer. Note that they were able to obtain a behavior of the LMS adaptive filter suitable as expected. We test with outdated input signals, and got curious response to the output of the system, such as the frequency to remove, the more outdated are these signs, but noticeable. Solving this point with increasing the filter order. We can conclude that although proven digital filters in the first stage are useful, to have a perfect answer as possible must be taken into account the order of the filter, which should be very high for frequencies near the frequency cutting, not weakened. In contrast, in the LMS adaptive filters if we for example, remove a signal from among three signals, only enough to eliminate the frequency input on one of the inputs of the filter, namely the reference signal. Thus, we can remove a signal between these three, so that the other two, not affected by the procedure.

Tutoriales multimedia para sistemas de telecomunicación

Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera está destinado a la ilustración y aprendizaje del uso de varios dispositivos de los laboratorios del Departamento de Ingeniería Audiovisual y Comunicaciones, de la Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica de Telecomunicación, de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, en forma de vídeos tutoriales basados en mediciones y prácticas habituales de las asignaturas del departamento para que puedan ser utilizados por los alumnos de la escuela como apoyo a las explicaciones del profesor en ocasiones puntuales. En concreto se han realizado hasta seis vídeos tutoriales en los que se explica: el diseño de un circuito impreso y la creación y fabricación de éste. Por otro lado, también se ha explicado el fenómeno del ruido de fase y cómo es el proceso de su medida, como una de las muchas características de un analizador de espectros. A modo de análisis, se ha realizado otro tutorial acerca de la modulación en FM, sus características y sus aplicaciones. Por último se ha hecho un estudio del comportamiento de un analizador de redes, exponiendo su funcionamiento y explicando su proceso de calibración. Para la realización de estos tutoriales se han utilizado diferentes aplicaciones sobre creación de vídeos multimedia, animación, producción de audio y narración. En especial se han usado: Sprint-Layout 5.0, Adobe Flash Professional CS5.5, Camtasia studio 7, Corel VideoStudio Pro X4, Loquendo TTS7 y WinPlot. Para el apartado de las grabaciones de las diferentes escenas se ha necesitado el uso de distintos instrumentos de medida del laboratorio tales como: analizador de espectros, analizador de redes, generador de señal, generador de funciones, osciloscopio y otros equipos adicionales como: cámara de vídeo y trípode del departamento. Para la composición de los diferentes tutoriales se ha comenzado creando un guion, para cada uno de ellos, estableciendo la aparición de las imágenes, vídeos, y locución. A continuación se exponen los diferentes temas en los que se han basado estos tutoriales de laboratorio, uno a uno. ABSTRACT. This Project is destined to learn the use of several devices at the laboratory of “Ingeniería Audiovisual y Comunicaciones” Department at “Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería técnica de Telecomunicaciones” of “Universidad Politécnica de Madrid”, on the way as tutorial videos base on the subjects from this department to be used by the college students as help of the teacher’s explanations. In this project you will find up to six tutorial videos, showing: printed circuit design, printed circuit board manufacture. You can also find an explanation about the phenomenon of phase noise and how it’s its measurement process, as one of the many features of a spectrum analyzer. Another tutorial video is based on FM modulation, its features and applications. The last tutorial explains the networks analyzer functionalities and its calibration process. To carry out these tutorials different applications have been used to create multimedia videos, animation, audio production and storytelling. Such as Sprint Layout 5.0, Camtasia 7.0, Corel VideoStudio Pro X4, Adobe Flash Professional CS5.5, Loquendo TTS7 y WinPlot. About the recording side of the different scenes, several equipment have been required at the laboratory, such as spectrums analyzer, signal generator, oscilloscope, function generator, network analyzer and other additional devices, such as: a video camera with its tripod. The composition of the different tutorials has begun creating a script, for each of them, setting the times of appearance of images, video, speech and music. After this abstract, the different topics of the tutorials are showed, one by one.

Contribution to the Analysis, Design and Assessment of Compact Antenna Test Ranges At Millimeter Wavelengths - Contribución al Análisis, Diseño y Caracterización de Sistemas de Medida de Antenas en Rango Compacto para Frecuencias Milimétricas

This Doctoral Thesis entitled Contribution to the analysis, design and assessment of compact antenna test ranges at millimeter wavelengths aims to deepen the knowledge of a particular antenna measurement system: the compact range, operating in the frequency bands of millimeter wavelengths. The thesis has been developed at Radiation Group (GR), an antenna laboratory which belongs to the Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications department (SSR), from Technical University of Madrid (UPM). The Radiation Group owns an extensive experience on antenna measurements, running at present four facilities which operate in different configurations: Gregorian compact antenna test range, spherical near field, planar near field and semianechoic arch system. The research work performed in line with this thesis contributes the knowledge of the first measurement configuration at higher frequencies, beyond the microwaves region where Radiation Group features customer-level performance. To reach this high level purpose, a set of scientific tasks were sequentially carried out. Those are succinctly described in the subsequent paragraphs. A first step dealed with the State of Art review. The study of scientific literature dealed with the analysis of measurement practices in compact antenna test ranges in addition with the particularities of millimeter wavelength technologies. Joint study of both fields of knowledge converged, when this measurement facilities are of interest, in a series of technological challenges which become serious bottlenecks at different stages: analysis, design and assessment. Thirdly after the overview study, focus was set on Electromagnetic analysis algorithms. These formulations allow to approach certain electromagnetic features of interest, such as field distribution phase or stray signal analysis of particular structures when they interact with electromagnetic waves sources. Properly operated, a CATR facility features electromagnetic waves collimation optics which are large, in terms of wavelengths. Accordingly, the electromagnetic analysis tasks introduce an extense number of mathematic unknowns which grow with frequency, following different polynomic order laws depending on the used algorithmia. In particular, the optics configuration which was of our interest consisted on the reflection type serrated edge collimator. The analysis of these devices requires a flexible handling of almost arbitrary scattering geometries, becoming this flexibility the nucleus of the algorithmia’s ability to perform the subsequent design tasks. This thesis’ contribution to this field of knowledge consisted on reaching a formulation which was powerful at the same time when dealing with various analysis geometries and computationally speaking. Two algorithmia were developed. While based on the same principle of hybridization, they reached different order Physics performance at the cost of the computational efficiency. Inter-comparison of their CATR design capabilities was performed, reaching both qualitative as well as quantitative conclusions on their scope. In third place, interest was shifted from analysis - design tasks towards range assessment. Millimetre wavelengths imply strict mechanical tolerances and fine setup adjustment. In addition, the large number of unknowns issue already faced in the analysis stage appears as well in the on chamber field probing stage. Natural decrease of dynamic range available by semiconductor millimeter waves sources requires in addition larger integration times at each probing point. These peculiarities increase exponentially the difficulty of performing assessment processes in CATR facilities beyond microwaves. The bottleneck becomes so tight that it compromises the range characterization beyond a certain limit frequency which typically lies on the lowest segment of millimeter wavelength frequencies. However the value of range assessment moves, on the contrary, towards the highest segment. This thesis contributes this technological scenario developing quiet zone probing techniques which achieves substantial data reduction ratii. Collaterally, it increases the robustness of the results to noise, which is a virtual rise of the setup’s available dynamic range. In fourth place, the environmental sensitivity of millimeter wavelengths issue was approached. It is well known the drifts of electromagnetic experiments due to the dependance of the re sults with respect to the surrounding environment. This feature relegates many industrial practices of microwave frequencies to the experimental stage, at millimeter wavelengths. In particular, evolution of the atmosphere within acceptable conditioning bounds redounds in drift phenomena which completely mask the experimental results. The contribution of this thesis on this aspect consists on modeling electrically the indoor atmosphere existing in a CATR, as a function of environmental variables which affect the range’s performance. A simple model was developed, being able to handle high level phenomena, such as feed - probe phase drift as a function of low level magnitudes easy to be sampled: relative humidity and temperature. With this model, environmental compensation can be performed and chamber conditioning is automatically extended towards higher frequencies. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to go further into the knowledge of millimetre wavelengths involving compact antenna test ranges. This knowledge is dosified through the sequential stages of a CATR conception, form early low level electromagnetic analysis towards the assessment of an operative facility, stages for each one of which nowadays bottleneck phenomena exist and seriously compromise the antenna measurement practices at millimeter wavelengths.

Piezoelectric and electroacoustic properties of Ti-doped AlN thin films as a function of Ti content

In this work we present the assessment of the structural and piezoelectric properties of Al(0.5-x)TixN0.5 compounds (titanium content menor que6% atomic), which are expected to possess improved properties than conventional AlN films, such as larger piezoelectric activity, thermal stability of frequency and temperature resistance. Al:Ti:N films were deposited from a twin concentric target of Al and Ti by reactive AC sputtering, which provided films with a radial gradient of the Ti concentration. The properties of the films were investigated as a function of their composition, which was measured by electron dispersive energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The microstructure and morphology of the films were assessed by X-ray diffraction and infrared reflectance. Their electroacoustic properties and dielectric constant were derived from the frequency response of BAW test resonators. Al:Ti:N films properties appear to be strongly dependent on the Ti content, which modifies the AlN wurtzite crystal structure leading to greater dielectric constant, lower sound velocities, lower electromechanical factor and moderately improved temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency.

Preliminary temperature Accelerated Life Test (ALT) on III-V commercial concentrator triple-junction solar cells

A quantitative temperature accelerated life test on sixty GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction commercial concentrator solar cells is being carried out. The final objective of this experiment is to evaluate the reliability, warranty period, and failure mechanism of high concentration solar cells in a moderate period of time. The acceleration of the degradation is realized by subjecting the solar cells at temperatures markedly higher than the nominal working temperature under a concentrator Three experiments at three different temperatures are necessary in order to obtain the acceleration factor which relates the time at the stress level with the time at nominal working conditions. . However, up to now only the test at the highest temperature has finished. Therefore, we can not provide complete reliability information but we have analyzed the life data and the failure mode of the solar cells inside the climatic chamber at the highest temperature. The failures have been all of them catastrophic. In fact, the solar cells have turned into short circuits. We have fitted the failure distribution to a two parameters Weibull function. The failures are wear-out type. We have observed that the busbar and the surrounding fingers are completely deteriorate

Determination of the JWL constants for ANFO and emulsion explosives from cylinder test data

The Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state parameters for ANFO and emulsion-type explosives have been obtained from cylinder test expansion measurements. The calculation method comprises a new radial expansion function, with a non-zero initial velocity at the onset of the expansion in order to comply with a positive Gurney energy at unit relative volume, as the isentropic expansion from the CJ state predicts. The equations reflecting the CJ state conditions and the measured expansion energy were solved for the JWL parameters by a non-linear least squares scheme. The JWL parameters of thirteen ANFO and emulsion type explosives have been determined in this way from their cylinder test expansion data. The results were evaluated through numerical modelling of the tests with the LS-DYNA hydrocode; the expansion histories from the modelling were compared with the measured ones, and excellent agreement was found.

New On-Line Excitation-System Ground Fault Location Method Tested in a 106 MVA Synchronous Generator

In this paper, a novel excitation-system ground-fault location method is described and tested in a 106 MVA synchronous machine. In this unit, numerous rotor ground-fault trips took place always about an hour after the synchronization to the network. However, when the field winding insulation was checked after the trips, there was no failure. The data indicated that the faults in the rotor were caused by centrifugal forces and temperature. Unexpectedly, by applying this new method, the failure was located in a cable between the excitation transformer and the automatic voltage regulator. In addition, several intentional ground faults were performed along the field winding with different fault resistance values, in order to test the accuracy of this method to locate defects in rotor windings of large generators. Therefore, this new on-line rotor ground-fault detection algorithm is tested in high-power synchronous generators with satisfactory results.

Perfil de playas sustentadas : estudio hidrodinámico y experimental : directrices de diseño

Las playas sustentadas por medio de un pie sumergido son una atractiva alternativa de diseño de regeneración de playas especialmente cuando las condiciones física del emplazamiento o las características de la arena nativa y de préstamo producen perfiles de alimentación que no se intersectan. La observación y propuesta de este tipo de solución data de los años 1960’s, así como la experiencia internacional en la construcción de este tipo de playas. Sin embargo, a pesar de su utilización y los estudios en campo y laboratorio, no se dispone de criterios ingenieriles que apoyen el diseño de las mismas. Esta tesis consiste en un análisis experimental del perfil de playas sustentadas en un pie sumergido (o colgadas) que se concreta en una propuesta de directrices de diseño general que permiten estimar la ubicación y características geométricas del pie sumergido frente a un oleaje y material que constituye la playa determinados. En la tesis se describe el experimento bidimensional realizado en el modelo físico de fondo móvil, donde se combinan cinco tipos de oleaje con tres configuraciones del pie sumergido (“Sin estructura”, configuración baja o “Estructura 1” y configuración alta o “Estructura 2”), se presentan los resultados obtenidos y se realiza una discusión detallada de las implicaciones de los resultados desde el punto de vista hidrodinámico utilizando monomios adimensionales. Se ha realizado un análisis detallado del estado del arte sobre playas colgadas, presentando el concepto y las experiencias de realizaciones en distintos países. Se ha realizado una cuidadosa revisión de la literatura publicada sobre estudios experimentales de playas colgadas, modelos teóricos y otras cuestiones auxiliares, necesarias para la formulación de la metodología de la tesis. El estudio realizado se ha estructurado en dos fases. En la primera fase se ha realizado una experimentación en un modelo físico de fondo móvil construido en las instalaciones del Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas (CEPYC) del Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX), consistente en un canal de 36 m de longitud, 3 m de anchura y 1.5 m de altura, provisto de un generador de oleaje de tipo pistón. Se ha diseñado una campaña de 15 ensayos, que se obtienen sometiendo a cinco tipos de oleaje tres configuraciones distintas de playa colgada. En los ensayos se ha medido el perfil de playa en distintos instantes hasta llegar al equilibrio, determinando a partir de esos datos el retroceso de la línea de costa y el volumen de sedimentos perdido. El tiempo total efectivo de ensayo asciende a casi 650 horas, y el número de perfiles de evolución de playa obtenidos totaliza 229. En la segunda fase se ha abordado el análisis de los resultados obtenidos con la finalidad de comprender el fenómeno, identificar las variables de las que depende y proponer unas directrices ingenieriles de diseño. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la altura de ola, del periodo del oleaje, del francobordo adimensional y del parámetro de Dean, constatándose la dificultad de comprensión del funcionamiento de estas obras ya que pueden ser beneficiosas, perjudiciales o inocuas según los casos. También se ha estudiado la respuesta del perfil de playa en función de otros monomios adimensionales, tales como el número de Reynolds o el de Froude. En el análisis se ha elegido el monomio “plunger” como el más significativo, encontrando relaciones de éste con el peralte de oleaje, la anchura de coronación adimensional, la altura del pie de playa adimensional y el parámetro de Dean. Finalmente, se propone un método de diseño de cuatro pasos que permite realizar un primer encaje del diseño funcional de la playa sustentada frente a un oleaje de características determinadas. Las contribuciones más significativas desde el punto de vista científico son: - La obtención del juego de resultados experimentales. - La caracterización del comportamiento de las playas sustentadas. - Las relaciones propuestas entre el monomio plunger y las distintas variables explicativas seleccionadas, que permiten predecir el comportamiento de la obra. - El método de diseño propuesto, en cuatro pasos, para este tipo de esquemas de defensa de costas. Perched beaches are an attractive beach nourishment design alternative especially when either the site conditions or the characteristics of both the native and the borrow sand lead to a non-intersecting profile The observation and suggestion of the use of this type of coastal defence scheme dates back to the 1960’s, as well as the international experience in the construction of this type of beaches. However, in spite of its use and the field and laboratory studies performed to-date, no design engineering guidance is available to support its design. This dissertation is based on the experimental work performed on a movable bed physical model and the use of dimensionless parameters in analyzing the results to provide general functional design guidance that allow the designer, at a particular stretch of coast - to estimate the location and geometric characteristics of the submerged sill as well as to estimate the suitable sand size to be used in the nourishment. This dissertation consists on an experimental analysis of perched beaches by means of a submerged sill, leading to the proposal of general design guidance that allows to estimate the location and geometric characteristics of the submerged sill when facing a wave condition and for a given beach material. The experimental work performed on a bi-dimensional movable bed physical model, where five types of wave conditions are combined with three configurations of the submerged sill (“No structure”, low structure or “Structure 1”, and high structure or “Structure 2”) is described, results are presented, and a detailed discussion of the results - from the hydrodynamic point of view – of the implications of the results by using dimensionless parameters is carried out. A detailed state of the art analysis about perched beaches has been performed, presenting the “perched beach concept” and the case studies of different countries. Besides, a careful revision of the literature about experimental studies on perched beaches, theoretical models, and other topics deemed necessary to formulate the methodology of this work has been completed. The study has been divided into two phases. Within the first phase, experiments on a movable-bed physical model have been developed. The physical model has been built in the Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas (CEPYC) facilities, Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX). The wave flume is 36 m long, 3 m wide and 1.5 m high, and has a piston-type regular wave generator available. The test plan consisted of 15 tests resulting from five wave conditions attacking three different configurations of the perched beach. During the development of the tests, the beach profile has been surveyed at different intervals until equilibrium has been reached according to these measurements. Retreat of the shoreline and relative loss of sediment in volume have been obtained from the measurements. The total effective test time reaches nearly 650 hours, whereas the total number of beach evolution profiles measured amounts to 229. On the second phase, attention is focused on the analysis of results with the aim of understanding the phenomenon, identifying the governing variables and proposing engineering design guidelines. The effect of the wave height, the wave period, the dimensionless freeboard and of the Dean parameter have been analyzed. It has been pointed out the difficulty in understanding the way perched beaches work since they turned out to be beneficial, neutral or harmful according to wave conditions and structure configuration. Besides, the beach profile response as a function of other dimensionless parameters, such as Reynolds number or Froude number, has been studied. In this analysis, the “plunger” parameter has been selected as the most representative, and relationships between the plunger parameter and the wave steepness, the dimensionless crest width, the dimensionless crest height, and the Dean parameter have been identified. Finally, an engineering 4-step design method has been proposed, that allows for the preliminary functional design of the perched beach for a given wave condition. The most relevant contributions from the scientific point of view have been: - The acquisition of a consistent set of experimental results. - The characterization of the behavior of perched beaches. - The proposed relationships between the plunger parameter and the different explanatory variables selected, that allow for the prediction of the beach behavior. - The proposed design method, four-step method, for this type of coastal defense schemes.

Autonomous classification models in ubiquitous environments

Stream-mining approach is defined as a set of cutting-edge techniques designed to process streams of data in real time, in order to extract knowledge. In the particular case of classification, stream-mining has to adapt its behaviour to the volatile underlying data distributions, what has been called concept drift. Moreover, it is important to note that concept drift may lead to situations where predictive models become invalid and have therefore to be updated to represent the actual concepts that data poses. In this context, there is a specific type of concept drift, known as recurrent concept drift, where the concepts represented by data have already appeared in the past. In those cases the learning process could be saved or at least minimized by applying a previously trained model. This could be extremely useful in ubiquitous environments that are characterized by the existence of resource constrained devices. To deal with the aforementioned scenario, meta-models can be used in the process of enhancing the drift detection mechanisms used by data stream algorithms, by representing and predicting when the change will occur. There are some real-world situations where a concept reappears, as in the case of intrusion detection systems (IDS), where the same incidents or an adaptation of them usually reappear over time. In these environments the early prediction of drift by means of a better knowledge of past models can help to anticipate to the change, thus improving efficiency of the model regarding the training instances needed. By means of using meta-models as a recurrent drift detection mechanism, the ability to share concepts representations among different data mining processes is open. That kind of exchanges could improve the accuracy of the resultant local model as such model may benefit from patterns similar to the local concept that were observed in other scenarios, but not yet locally. This would also improve the efficiency of training instances used during the classification process, as long as the exchange of models would aid in the application of already trained recurrent models, that have been previously seen by any of the collaborative devices. Which it is to say that the scope of recurrence detection and representation is broaden. In fact the detection, representation and exchange of concept drift patterns would be extremely useful for the law enforcement activities fighting against cyber crime. Being the information exchange one of the main pillars of cooperation, national units would benefit from the experience and knowledge gained by third parties. Moreover, in the specific scope of critical infrastructures protection it is crucial to count with information exchange mechanisms, both from a strategical and technical scope. The exchange of concept drift detection schemes in cyber security environments would aid in the process of preventing, detecting and effectively responding to threads in cyber space. Furthermore, as a complement of meta-models, a mechanism to assess the similarity between classification models is also needed when dealing with recurrent concepts. In this context, when reusing a previously trained model a rough comparison between concepts is usually made, applying boolean logic. The introduction of fuzzy logic comparisons between models could lead to a better efficient reuse of previously seen concepts, by applying not just equal models, but also similar ones. This work faces the aforementioned open issues by means of: the MMPRec system, that integrates a meta-model mechanism and a fuzzy similarity function; a collaborative environment to share meta-models between different devices; a recurrent drift generator that allows to test the usefulness of recurrent drift systems, as it is the case of MMPRec. Moreover, this thesis presents an experimental validation of the proposed contributions using synthetic and real datasets.

Transient thermal analysis during the ascent phase of a balloon-borne payload. Comparison with SUNRISE test flight measurements

The thermal design of stratospheric balloon payloads usually focuses on the cruise phase of the missions, that is, the floating altitude conditions. The ascent phase usually takes between 2 and 4 h, a very small period compared to the duration of the whole mission, which can last up to 4 weeks. However, during this phase payloads are subjected to very harsh conditions due mainly to the convective cooling that occurs as the balloon passes through the cold atmosphere, with minimum temperatures in the tropopause. The aim of this work is to study the thermal behaviour of a payload carried by a long duration balloon during the ascent phase. Its temperature has been calculated as a function of the altitude from sea level to floating conditions. To perform this analysis it has been assumed that the thermal interactions (convection and radiation) depend on the altitude, on the environmental conditions (which in turn depend also on the altitude) and on the temperature of the system itself. The results have been compared with the measurements taken during the SUNRISE test flight, launched in October 2007 by CSBF from Fort Sumner (New Mexico).